Objective:To separate and purify the polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes,characterize their primary structure and investigate the immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods:Crude polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes were extracted by ultrasound assisted method,then Polygonatum filipes polysaccharides(CSPFPs)were obtained after elimination of the proteins with combined papain-Sevag method.The total sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.Structures of CSPFPs were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Effects of CSPFPs on cell viability,pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion,MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cells were explored by MTT,Neutral red,ELISA and Western blot,respectively.Results:Extraction rate of CSPFPs by ultrasound-assisted method was 41.61%,which contained total sugar content of 94.00%.CSPFPs with Mw of 3 125 Da was composed of arabinose(1.85%),galactose(6.14%),glucose(56.41%)and mannose(35.60%).The in vitro experiments showed that CSPFPs were non-cytotoxic and enhanced the pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion and phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK,JNK,p65,IκB and IKK,indicating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways under the concentra-tion of 2.5～200 μg/ml.Conclusion:The ultrasound-assisted method can efficiently isolate CSPFPs with immunomodulatory activity,which provides basic data for the development and application of CSPFPs as an immunostimulant.

Objective To investigate the differences in cortical activation and functional connectivity during speech under different cognitive loads in young individuals.Methods Twenty-one participants(mean age 21.9±1.33 years)were instructed to read short sentences embedded with color words under both congruent(where the color words matched the font color)and incongruent(where the color words did not match the font color)condi-tions.The color words required reading the font color instead of the word itself.Functional near-infrared spectros-copy(fNIRS)was utilized to analyze differences in cortical activation(changes in HbO concentration)and functional connectivity(Pearson correlation of HbO between brain regions)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)and supplementary motor area(SMA)bilaterally.Results The fNIRS results revealed significant increase in HbO con-centration changes in the RDLPFC(t=3.4,P=0.003),LDLPFC(t=2.58,P=0.019),RSMA(t=3.59,P=0.002),and LSMA(t=4.06,P=0.001)under the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition.Additionally,there was a significant enhancement in the correlation between RDLPFC and LDLPFC(t=2.44,P=0.025).However,the differences in correlation between left and right SMA,as well as between SMA and DLPFC,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that during speech under incongru-ent conditions,increased cognitive load leads to elevated cortical activation in the DLPFC and SMA,along with in-creased functional connectivity between the left and right DLPFC.

BACKGROUND:Basketball shoes are one of the most important pieces of athletic equipment in basketball,helping to improve players'performance and reduce the risk of injury.With the development of basketball,the demand for basketball shoe performance is getting higher and higher.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and summarize the effects of different functional parameters of basketball shoes on the wearer's biomechanical performance,and to investigate the effects of each functional parameter of basketball shoes on athletic performance and injury risk.METHODS:Relevant literature addressing the effect of basketball shoes'functional parameters on human biomechanics from CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,ScienceDirect and other databases was searched by computer,with the search terms of"basketball,basketball shoe,shoes,footwear,sports biomechanics,kinematics,kinetics"in Chinese and English.All the retrieved literature was evaluated and screened,and finally 61 articles were included for literature review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Existing studies on functional parameters of basketball shoes include shoe collar height and heel counter-stiffness,midsole hardness,midsole cushioning,midsole thickness,forefoot flexural stiffness,whole shoe mass,and outsole traction.The functional parameters of basketball shoes play a role in improving sports performance and reducing the risk of sports injuries:(1)Compared with low-top shoes,high shoe collars can reduce the risk of ankle sprains,but may affect sports performance,ankle proprioception,and increase the load on the knee.(2)Better midsole cushioning or softer midsoles can effectively reduce vertical impact,and the forefoot cushioning structure can effectively improve the athletic performance of lateral movement.(3)The midsole thickness of 11 mm in the forefoot and 20 mm in the rearfoot can obtain the best ankle stability and sprinting performance.(4)Improving the outsole traction and forefoot bending stiffness can significantly improve the performance of jumping,sprinting,and side-cutting.There are diminishing returns to the improvement of athletic performance by improving outsole traction.(5)Lighter basketball shoes can improve athletic performance,but this effect only occurs when the wearer is aware of the shoes'weight.

Objective To evaluate the application of serum soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2(sST2),glo-merular filtration rate(GFR),and serum iron(SI)combined test for predicting prognosis of acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.Methods A total of 575 ADHF patients were included in this study.Serum sST2,GFR,SI levels and other biomarkers were measured and followed up.Patients were divided into poor prognosis and good prognosis groups based on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of these indicators,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were employed to compare the prediction outcome of single and combined indicators.Results In the poor prognosis group,heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pres-sure and fasting blood glucose level were all significantly higher than in those in the control group(P＜0.05).Ad-ditionally,the poor prognosis group had higher level of sST2 and total iron-binding capacity,while GFR,SI and transferring saturation were lower as compared to control group(P＜0.05).Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that sST2,GFR,and SI were independent predictors of poor prognosis in ADHF patients(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that higher level of sST2 was associated with poor survival prognosis.ROC curve analysis showed that when the biomarkers like sST2,GFR and SI were used together,the area under the curve(AUC)in-creased to 0.834,with a sensitivity of 80.2%and a specificity of 75.6%.Conclusions Combination test of serum sST2,GFR and SI significantly supports the predictive function for ADHF patients'prognosis.The highest AUC val-ue from the combined biomarker prediction may contribute to a more accurate assessment of patient risk.This com-bined test of indicators provides a more reliable tool for clinicians in terms of early identification of high-risk pa-tients,guiding treatment decisions and improving the prognosis management of patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinically curative effect of composite dressing of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and chitosan hydrogel in treating deep Ⅱ burn wound.Methods:A total of 108 patients with superficially deep Ⅱ burns,who admitted to Tangdu Hospital,Air Force Medical University within 48 hours during March 2022 and October 2024,were selected.Patients were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and the combined treatment group by using a random number table,with 54 patients in each group.All patients underwent enzymatic debridement(collagenase ointment)to conduct conventional treatment.The combined treatment group received treatment with composite dressings of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(ADSCs-Exo)combined with chitosan hydrogel,while the conventional treatment group received treatment with silver sulfadiazine dressings(SSD)on the basis of conventional treatment.The healing rates of wound,Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS)scores,the levels of serum inflammatory factors included interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),as well as curative efficacy rates,and adverse reactions between two groups were compared at different time points after treatment.Results:There was not statistically significant difference in healing rates of wound between the two groups at the 7th day after treatment(P>0.05).At the 14th day and the 21th day after treatment,the average healing rates of wound in the combined treatment group were respectively(67.69±8.57)%and(89.46±7.54)%,which were higher than(59.50±4.93)%and(75.52±9.11)%in the conventional treatment group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.087,8.662,P<0.05).The average VSS score was(6.42±1.20)points in the combined treatment group after treatment,which was lower than that in the conventional treatment group(8.94±1.58),and the difference was statistically significant(t=9.33,P<0.05).Before treatment,there were not statistically significant difference in VAS scores and the levels of serum inflammatory factor between the two groups(P>0.05).At the 7th day,the 14th day and the 21th day after treatment,the VAS scores in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group(t=10.008,12.004,13.899,P<0.05),respectively.At the 21th day after treatment,the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,CRP,and TNF-α of the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of the conventional treatment group(t=3.400,4.490,7.293,5.900,P<0.05).The efficacy rate of clinical treatment in the combined treatment group was 96.30%,which was higher than 83.33%of the conventional treatment group,with a statistical significance(x2=7.942,P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in the combined treatment group was 14.81%,which was lower than 24.07%of the conventional treatment group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with conventional silver sulfadiazine dressing,the composite dressing of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and chitosan hydrogel can quickly promote the re-epithelialization process in treating patients with superficially deep Ⅱ burns at the middle to late stage,and improve the healing rate,and relieve the inflammatory reaction and pain perception of patients for wound,and enhance efficiency and safety.

BACKGROUND:Basketball shoes are one of the most important pieces of athletic equipment in basketball,helping to improve players'performance and reduce the risk of injury.With the development of basketball,the demand for basketball shoe performance is getting higher and higher.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and summarize the effects of different functional parameters of basketball shoes on the wearer's biomechanical performance,and to investigate the effects of each functional parameter of basketball shoes on athletic performance and injury risk.METHODS:Relevant literature addressing the effect of basketball shoes'functional parameters on human biomechanics from CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,ScienceDirect and other databases was searched by computer,with the search terms of"basketball,basketball shoe,shoes,footwear,sports biomechanics,kinematics,kinetics"in Chinese and English.All the retrieved literature was evaluated and screened,and finally 61 articles were included for literature review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Existing studies on functional parameters of basketball shoes include shoe collar height and heel counter-stiffness,midsole hardness,midsole cushioning,midsole thickness,forefoot flexural stiffness,whole shoe mass,and outsole traction.The functional parameters of basketball shoes play a role in improving sports performance and reducing the risk of sports injuries:(1)Compared with low-top shoes,high shoe collars can reduce the risk of ankle sprains,but may affect sports performance,ankle proprioception,and increase the load on the knee.(2)Better midsole cushioning or softer midsoles can effectively reduce vertical impact,and the forefoot cushioning structure can effectively improve the athletic performance of lateral movement.(3)The midsole thickness of 11 mm in the forefoot and 20 mm in the rearfoot can obtain the best ankle stability and sprinting performance.(4)Improving the outsole traction and forefoot bending stiffness can significantly improve the performance of jumping,sprinting,and side-cutting.There are diminishing returns to the improvement of athletic performance by improving outsole traction.(5)Lighter basketball shoes can improve athletic performance,but this effect only occurs when the wearer is aware of the shoes'weight.

Central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) refers to the obstructive or non-obstructive clots formed around the central venous access device (CVAD).It may lead to risks such as loss of vascular access, pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome.Due to the heterogeneity of underlying diseases and the specific characteristics of CVAD placement in children, there is insufficient evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CRT in children.This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CRT in children to provide reference for clinical management.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of basal ganglia calcification (BGC), and risk factors for BGC in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.Methods:A total of 730 patients with nervous system diseases hospitalized in Department of Neurology, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New Area from January 2023 to December 2023 were enrolled. These patients were divided into AIS group ( n=380) and non-AIS group ( n=350). Propensity score matching (PSM) was firstly used for 1:1 matching to eliminate the differences in baseline data of these patients; BGC incidence was compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the independent risk factors for BGC in AIS patients. Results:After PSM, there were 251 patients in the AIS group and 251 patients in the non-AIS group. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in age, gender, histories of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, smoking and drinking, ratio of previous stroke, and serum calcium, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, homocysteine, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate, or parathyroid hormone ( P>0.05). BGC incidence in the AIS group was 33.1% (83/251), with mild BGC in 55 patients (21.9%), moderate BGC in 19 patients (7.6%), and severe BGC in 9 patients (3.6%). BGC incidence in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the non-AIS group (33.1% vs. 16.7%, P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that female ( OR=1.842, 95% CI: 1.021-3.324, P=0.043) and diabetes ( OR=1.953, 95% CI: 1.205-3.167, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for BGC in AIS patients. Conclusion:Compared with non-AIS patients, AIS patients trend to have BGC; female AIS patients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to have BGC.

Objective:To investigate the clinically curative effect of composite dressing of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and chitosan hydrogel in treating deep Ⅱ burn wound.Methods:A total of 108 patients with superficially deep Ⅱ burns,who admitted to Tangdu Hospital,Air Force Medical University within 48 hours during March 2022 and October 2024,were selected.Patients were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and the combined treatment group by using a random number table,with 54 patients in each group.All patients underwent enzymatic debridement(collagenase ointment)to conduct conventional treatment.The combined treatment group received treatment with composite dressings of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(ADSCs-Exo)combined with chitosan hydrogel,while the conventional treatment group received treatment with silver sulfadiazine dressings(SSD)on the basis of conventional treatment.The healing rates of wound,Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS)scores,the levels of serum inflammatory factors included interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),as well as curative efficacy rates,and adverse reactions between two groups were compared at different time points after treatment.Results:There was not statistically significant difference in healing rates of wound between the two groups at the 7th day after treatment(P>0.05).At the 14th day and the 21th day after treatment,the average healing rates of wound in the combined treatment group were respectively(67.69±8.57)%and(89.46±7.54)%,which were higher than(59.50±4.93)%and(75.52±9.11)%in the conventional treatment group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.087,8.662,P<0.05).The average VSS score was(6.42±1.20)points in the combined treatment group after treatment,which was lower than that in the conventional treatment group(8.94±1.58),and the difference was statistically significant(t=9.33,P<0.05).Before treatment,there were not statistically significant difference in VAS scores and the levels of serum inflammatory factor between the two groups(P>0.05).At the 7th day,the 14th day and the 21th day after treatment,the VAS scores in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group(t=10.008,12.004,13.899,P<0.05),respectively.At the 21th day after treatment,the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,CRP,and TNF-α of the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of the conventional treatment group(t=3.400,4.490,7.293,5.900,P<0.05).The efficacy rate of clinical treatment in the combined treatment group was 96.30%,which was higher than 83.33%of the conventional treatment group,with a statistical significance(x2=7.942,P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in the combined treatment group was 14.81%,which was lower than 24.07%of the conventional treatment group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with conventional silver sulfadiazine dressing,the composite dressing of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and chitosan hydrogel can quickly promote the re-epithelialization process in treating patients with superficially deep Ⅱ burns at the middle to late stage,and improve the healing rate,and relieve the inflammatory reaction and pain perception of patients for wound,and enhance efficiency and safety.

Objective:To separate and purify the polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes,characterize their primary structure and investigate the immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods:Crude polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes were extracted by ultrasound assisted method,then Polygonatum filipes polysaccharides(CSPFPs)were obtained after elimination of the proteins with combined papain-Sevag method.The total sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.Structures of CSPFPs were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Effects of CSPFPs on cell viability,pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion,MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cells were explored by MTT,Neutral red,ELISA and Western blot,respectively.Results:Extraction rate of CSPFPs by ultrasound-assisted method was 41.61%,which contained total sugar content of 94.00%.CSPFPs with Mw of 3 125 Da was composed of arabinose(1.85%),galactose(6.14%),glucose(56.41%)and mannose(35.60%).The in vitro experiments showed that CSPFPs were non-cytotoxic and enhanced the pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion and phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK,JNK,p65,IκB and IKK,indicating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways under the concentra-tion of 2.5～200 μg/ml.Conclusion:The ultrasound-assisted method can efficiently isolate CSPFPs with immunomodulatory activity,which provides basic data for the development and application of CSPFPs as an immunostimulant.