Background At present, high level of depression is a serious problem in medical staff and may affect their immune function. The role of psychological resilience between depression and immunity cannot be ignored. However, it is still lack of research report in this area. Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the association between depression and humoral immunological biomarkers in medical staff. Methods A total of 108 medical staff from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province were selected using stratified cluster sampling from September 2022 to December 2022. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to evaluate their psychological resilience and depression. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M (IgM), IgG, IgA, complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) were detected in fasting venous blood samples. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, independent-samples t-test, and One-way ANOVA were used for comparisons among different demographic groups. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate correlations among measured variables. PROCESS plug-in was used to verify potential mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between depression and humoral immunological biomarkers. Results The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) score of psychological resilience was 65.50 (53.25, 75.00) in the participating medical staff. The ratios of low, medium, and high levels of psychological resilience were 2.78% (3/108), 51.85% (56/108), and 45.37% (49/108), respectively. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) score of depression was 6.00 (2.00, 8.00). The positive rate of depression was 61.11% (66/108). The correlation analysis results showed that psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression and serum complement C3 (r=−0.416 and −0.309, P＜0.01), positively correlated with serum IgG and serum IgA (r=0.302 and 0.517, P＜0.01); optimism, self-improvement, and resilience were negatively correlated with depression (r=−0.387, −0.446, and −0.312, P<0.01), positively correlated with IgG (r=0.194, 0.284, and 0.239, P<0.05), and positively correlated with IgA (r=0.377, 0.378, and 0.444, P<0.01), respectively; resilience was negatively correlated with C3 (r=−0.304, P<0.01), and depression was negatively correlated with serum IgG and serum IgA (r=−0.516 and −0.522, P＜0.01), positively correlated with serum complement C3 (r=0.195, P＜0.05). The mediating effect test showed that psychological resilience showed mediating effects on the relationship between depression and serum IgA and serum complement C3, with mediating effect values of −0.148 (95%CI: −0.051, −0.012) and 0.111 (95%CI: 0.001, 0.010), and their mediating effect ratios were 28.30% and 56.92%. Conclusion The mental health status of the target medical staff is not optimistic. Depression is associated with changes in some humoral immunological biomarkers. Psychological resilience can mediate the correlations between depression and humoral immunological biomarkers. The managers should take measures to improve the levels of psychological resilience and promote the physical and mental health of medical staff.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary surfactant (PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited potential for ARDS healing and applied as an adjunctive therapy strategy. Coacervate (Coac) has the characteristics of softness, deformability and excellent molecular enrichment properties, and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. Here PS and coacervate were combined for the potential ARDS treatment. The Coac, fabricated from polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by simple mixing, exhibited soft droplet property and high enrichment for dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). To avoid the fusion effect of membraneless coacervate and endow it with biological functions of PS, liposomes with PS-biomimetic lipid components (PS-lipo) were further introduced to construct PS-biomimetic membranized coacervate (DSP@PS-Coac). The DSP@PS-Coac demonstrated high lung targeting effect and significant penetration efficiency after intravenous injection. Furthermore, PS-lipo replenished the endogenous PS pool and facilitated the distribution of DSP in inflammatory cells in the lung. In the ARDS mouse model, PS-Coac and DSP exerted synergetic anti-inflammatory functions, via reducing the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and modulating macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype. The overall results confirmed that DSP@PS-Coac may provide a promising delivery option for the treatment of ARDS.

In this research， a comprehensive examination of historical materia medica， medical literature， medical books and contemporary literature was conducted to systematically compile and verify the naming， origin， geographical variations， quality， medicinal properties and processing of Tremolitum， and combined with the physical analysis of 15 batches of samples， with a view to providing a basis for the quality evaluation. The evidences unequivocally support Yangqishi as the rectification of name， while alternative aliases include Baishi， Shisheng， Yangjushi and Yangshi. The primary source of Tremolitum has been the silicate hornblende mineral tremolite throughout recorded history， and its accompanied minerals are mainly chlorite， talc schist， anthophyllite asbestos， etc. In ancient times， the main production area of Tremolitum was situated in the "Yaoshan Mountain" region of Jinan， Shandong province. Presently， it is primarily produced in Hubei， Henan， Shanxi， Hebei and Shandong provinces. The ancient quality evaluation of Tremolitum includes "white color"， "wolf teeth"， "cloud head and rain foot"， "heron hair"， etc. While， modern materia medica mostly evaluates its quality in terms of color， luster and texture， including the characteristics of needle bundle， grayish-white， glossy and easy to be twisted and crushed. Tremolitum is slightly warm， non-toxic， and possesses a salty taste. It is associated with the kidney meridian， known for its benefits in nourishing the fire of the gate of life， warming the kidneys and strengthening the Yang. Common processing methods include fire calcination， elutriation， and processing with wine. Additionally， there is an exclusive processing method known as the "ascending Tremolitum method". Through the X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis， the commercially available Tremolitum is mainly composed of tremolite［Ca₂Mg₅（Si₄O₁₁）₂（OH）₂］， and the accompanied minerals are calcite and quartz， etc. Its color includes white， light gray， light green and so on， and it is weight and soft texture， irregular cross-section， with obvious fibrous texture and mostly glassy luster. Among the commercially available Tremolitum， samples with high content of tremolite are characterized by high quality features， such as "white color"， "heron hair" and "ease of tearing". Also， Tremolitum is the Fe-bearing heterogeneous species of tremolite， and the two are often symbiotic. Therefore， by the herbal textual research and the comparison of the properties and composition of Tremolitum and its similar species， it has been verified that the primary source of Tremolitum is the silicate hornblende minerals tremolite and actinolite.

Radiation-induced injury, a body dysfunction caused by irradiation, is associated with the dose, duration, and speed of radiation and is predominantly derived from radiation therapy for patients with malignant tumors. The current clinical treatment mainly includes amelioration of injury, alleviation of symptoms, and improvements in function restoration of the affected sites because of lack of targeted agents specific to radiation-induced injuries. Research and development of preventive and therapeutic agents against radiation-induced injuries are of great significance to reduce the body damages caused by radiotherapy and improve the quality of life of cancer survivors. This review summarizes the radiation-induced injury and its mechanisms, radioprotectants, and therapeutic agents for radiation, and proposes future development directions, so as to provide a reference for alleviation of radiation-induced injury and improvement in prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Hirudo on mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in mice. METHODS The male ApoE－/－ mice were randomly divided into the model group and Hirudo low- dose and high-dose groups （0.45， 0.9 g/kg）， with 10 mice in each group； another 10 wild-type male C57BL/6J mice were chosen as the control group. The control group was fed with basal maintenance chow and the remaining groups were fed with high-fat chow for 12 weeks to establish the NAFLD model. Each administration group was given corresponding solution intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. In the 13th week， the body weight and liver weight of mice in each group were measured after the last medication， and the liver index was calculated； the serum levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF- α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected； the liver pathomorphological changes were observed； the protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ） and silence information regulator type 1 （SIRT1） were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the liver tissue of mice in the model group showed more fat vacuoles and infiltration of inflammatory cells， with significant lipid accumulation； the body weight， liver weight and liver index of the mice， and serum levels of NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， TC， TG and LDL-C significantly increased， while the serum level of HDL-C， the protein expressions of PPARγ and SIRT1 in liver tissues significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in liver tissue of mice were all relieved in Hirudo low-dose and high-dose groups； the body weight， liver weight and liver index， the serum levels of NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， TC， TG and LDL-C decreased significantly， while the serum level of HDL-C， the protein expressions of PPARγ and SIRT1 in liver tissue all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Hirudo can regulate liver lipid metabolism and inhibit inflammation by activating the protein expressions of PPARγ and SIRT1， thus having a significant ameliorative effect on NAFLD.

Objective:To analyze the trends in refractive error and ocular biological parameters in elementary school students over 5 years, and to investigate the patterns of change before and after myopia onset.Methods:A cohort study was adopted.A total of 1 986 first-grade students from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study were enrolled in this cohort study and their right eye data were taken for analysis, including 1 126 boys and 860 girls.Every year, cycloplegic autorefraction was performed with 1% cyclopentolate eyedrops to obtain the spherical equivalent (SE).The axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, mean corneal curvature (Km) and other parameters were obtained by ocular biometry.The lens refractive power (LP) was calculated using the Bennett formula.The subjects were assigned to persistent myopia group, non-myopia group and new onset myopia group.According to the age of myopia onset, the new onset myopia group was subdivided into the 8-, 9-, 10-, 11- and 12-year-old myopia groups to compare the differences in refractive error and ocular bioparameters among groups at different time points of follow-up.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2018-030).Written informed consent form was obtained from the guardians of each subject.Results:All children had a gradual SE drift toward myopia and a gradual increase in the AL with age, and there were significant differences in SE and AL between adjacent follow-up ages within the three groups (all at P<0.05).The earlier the onset of myopia, the higher the myopia SE and the longer the AL of the eye at the same follow-up age, the differences in SE between adjacent groups were statistically significant (all at P<0.05), and the differences in AL between adjacent groups at the follow-up age of 8 to 12 years were statistically significant (all at P<0.05).In the nonmyopia group, SE drifted toward emmetropia at a slow and steady rate of (-0.23±0.27)D/year, and AL also increased slowly and steadily at (0.18±0.13)mm/year.In the new onset myopia group, the changes in SE in the third, second, and first years before myopia onset were (-0.32±0.25), (-0.45±0.33), and (-0.98±0.44)D, and the increases in AL were (0.25±0.12), (0.32±0.15), and (0.48±0.19)mm, respectively.Both SE and AL change rates began to accelerate before myopia onset and slowed down after myopia onset, with statistically significant differences in the overall comparison of SE and AL change rates at different time intervals before and after myopia onset (all at P<0.001).The AL at myopia onset in boys was (24.11±0.70)mm, which was longer than (23.60±0.66)mm in girls ( t=159.71, P<0.01).LP decreased with age in all groups, with a faster rate before the age of 9 years and a slower rate after the age of 9 years.The mean decrease rate in LP was (-0.48±0.19), (-0.44±0.20), (-0.49±0.16), (-0.51±0.18), and (-0.48±0.19)D/year in the persistent myopia group and 8~11-year-old myopia group, respectively, which were significantly faster than -0.42±0.17 D/year in 12-year-old myopia group and (0.37±0.15)D/year in nonmyopia group (all at P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in Km among groups at different follow-up ages (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The AL begins to grow at an accelerated rate 3 years before myopia onset, and the increase rate of the AL slows down after the onset of myopia, but it is still significantly faster than that of non-myopic children.In this process, the decrease in LP plays a compensatory role; there is no significant change in corneal curvature.The AL of males at the onset of myopia is longer than that of females at the same age.AL is an important indicator for the prevention and control of myopia.It is important to consider gender differences and to pay more attention to the growth rate when assessing AL.

By identifying and analyzing the problems and difficulties in the implementation process of student stratification, goal stratification, practice stratification, and assessment stratification in standardized residency training, this article proposes to fully leverage the main role of professional bases in hierarchical and progressive teaching for standardized residency training and strengthen the specific responsibilities of professional base teaching groups in discussing hierarchical and progressive teaching plans, evaluation standards, and assessments. It is also necessary to scientifically implement student stratification, achieve consistent stratification goals, strengthen the training of hierarchical and progressive teaching concepts and teaching abilities for teachers, enhance the ability for homogeneous and hierarchical evaluation, and develop countermeasures that combine stage training goal process evaluation with dynamic personalized teaching by mentors, so as to provide a useful reference for further promoting the reform of standardized residency training using a hierarchical and progressive teaching model.

Objective:To study the protective effects and mechanism of Melastoma sanguineum Sims fruit extract (MSE) on chronic chemical liver injury induced by ethanol, acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride in mice; To discuss it mechanism.Methods:Totally 96 mice were divided into normal control group, ethanol model group, ethanol+bifendate control group and ethanol+MSE high-, medium- and low-dosage groups, APAP model group, APAP+bifendate control group and APAP+MSE high-, medium- and low-dosage groups, CCl 4 model group, CCl 4+bifendate control group and CCl 4+MSE high-, medium- and low-dosage groups, with 6 mice in each group. Except for the normal control group, the other groups were respectively prepared for the ethanol model, the APAP model and the CCl 4 model. The mice in the MSE high-, medium- and low-dosage groups were intragastrically administrated with 10, 5 and 2.5 g/kg of MSE, respectively; the bifendate control group was intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/ml bifendate solution at 75 mg/kg; the normal control group was intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of normal saline/peanut oil solution once a day for 25 consecutive days. The levels of GPT, GOT and total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum were detected; the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the content of MDA in liver tissue were detected; the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were detected by qRT-PCR; the protein expressions of cytochrome P450 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A in liver tissue were detected by Western blot; the pathological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE staining. Results:Compared with the corresponding ethanol, APAP and CCl 4 model groups, the serum GPT, GOT and TBIL levels of mice in the ethanol+bifendate control group and ethanol+MSE high- and medium-dosage groups, the APAP+bifendate control group and APAP+MSE high- and medium-dosage groups, and the CCl 4+bifendate control group and CCl 4+MSE high- and medium-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver tissue increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the MDA level decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased ( P<0.01); the mRNA levels of ADH and ALDH in the ethanol+MSE high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.01). Compared with the APAP model group, the expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the APAP+MSE groups increased ( P<0.01), and the expression of CYP3A protein decreased ( P<0.05); compared with the CCl 4 model group, the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A proteins in the CCl 4+MSE groups decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:MSE has a protective effect on chronic chemically-induced liver injury induced by ethanol, APAP, and CCl 4 in mice, and its mechanism may be related to antioxidant stress, inhibition of inflammatory response, and regulation of the expression of cytochrome P450-related enzymes.