Itching is a representative manifestation of urticaria. However, under certain conditions, urticaria may be characterized by nociceptive sensations, such as stinging or tingling, either instead of or in addition to itching. Three patients with chronic urticaria (CU) who experienced nociceptive pain accompanied by itching were identified and treated with immunoglobulin/histamine complex (IHC) therapy. Nociceptive pain resolved along with improvement in CU symptoms after 8 injections of IHC in the first patient and after 4 injections in the second and third patients. Nociceptive pain may present as a symptom of CU. The clinical characteristics of the transition from itching to nociceptive pain, together with the observed outcomes of IHC therapy, appear to support the intensity theory explaining this shift, which may be mediated by histamine. Further clinical and basic immunological studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a competency-based educational program for strengthening the competency of psychiatric nurses and evaluate its effects. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. Participants included 64 psychiatric nurses in South Korea: 33 nurses (32 females, 1 male) in the experimental group and 31 nurses (26 females, 5 males) in the control group. A competency-based education program for psychiatric nurses was developed through a literature review and discussion with 12 experts. The program addressed eight topics and provided 24 hours of education over 4 days, for 6 hours each day. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed statistically. Results: The education program enhanced overall clinical nursing competence and strengthened professional self-growth competence. The management and teaching competencies of both the experimental and the control groups also increased significantly. Conclusion The findings of this study presented an educational program to strengthen the clinical competency of psychiatric nurses and it was proven that the education had a capacity-building effect.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction of the Healthy Village project for rural residents in accordance with the prolonged COVID-19 by investigating the digital environment for major health problems, the role of a health leader, necessary projects, and non-face-to-face projects for Healthy Village members in the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Telephone interview surveys were conducted with 585 residents from November 30, 2020 to December 21, 2020. Results: Health problems perceived by residents were in the order of concerns about infection (48.5%), depression (32.5%), difficulties in using medical services (9.4%), and lack of exercise (7.7%). The role of the health committee in the COVID-19 situation was “encouraging people to follow quarantine rules” with 91.3%. As a necessary health village project, there was a high demand for the provision of health products and mental health projects. 17.9% said that there is a computer or smart device connected to the Internet in their home, and 42.2% said that there is someone in the village who can easily get help if there is a problem in accessing and using Internet information. 36.9% were able to watch videos, and 22.2% were able to use the Internet through public facilities. Conclusion In a public health crisis, where the provision of public health and medical services to rural residents is not smooth, it is necessary to manage health and quarantine through health leaders in the village, and it is required to establish a digital environment infrastructure that can conduct community participatory health village projects in a non-face-to-face environment.