Objective:To explore the value of metanephrine, normetanephrine, and some steroid hormones in the assessment of adrenal venous sampling (AVS).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 101 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between June 1, 2021, and October 1, 2024. Multiple hormones, including aldosterone, cortisol, metanephrine, normetanephrine and steroid hormone profiles, were measured in samples from the inferior vena cava and bilateral adrenal veins during AVS. Selectivity index and lateralization index were calculated based on the levels of different hormones to determine successful AVS cannulation (selectivity index≥2) and aldosterone hypersecretion lateralization (lateralization index≥2). Patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy were followed for at least 6 months. Clinical and biochemical outcomes were assessed according to the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criteria, with biochemical remission defined as achieving complete or partial biochemical remission postoperatively. The efficacy of different hormones relative to cortisol for calculating selectivity index and lateralization index was evaluated for subtype classification.Results:The age at diagnosis of the enrolled patients was (50.5±9.6) years, including 77 males. Regarding the selectivity index, five hormones including metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone demonstrated significantly higher selectivity index compared to cortisol (all P<0.05). Based on the cortisol-derived selectivity index, AVS cannulation was unsuccessful in 8 patients; using the five indices, unsuccessful cannulation occurred in 2, 2, 3, 4, and 5 patients, respectively. Based on postoperative follow-up, 55 patients were identified as having unilateral surgically relievable primary aldosteronism. In identifying these patients, the performance of metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone was non-inferior to cortisol, correctly identifying 95% (52/55), 93% (51/55), 91% (50/55), 87% (48/55), and 89% (49/55) of cases, respectively. However, among these patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the success rate of intubation in AVS and the ability to identify patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism between the five indicators and cortisol (all P>0.05). Using cortisol-based lateralization as the reference standard, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone both achieved an accuracy of 90% (84/93) for determining the lateralized side, while 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, normetanephrine, and metanephrine achieved accuracies of 89% (83/93), 81% (74/93), and 80% (73/93), respectively. Conclusion:Metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone could increase the success rate of intubation in AVS, with a high ability to identify patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism, and are expected to replace cortisol as new indicators of AVS.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in patients with cervical cancer and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Using convenience sampling method, 750 cervical cancer patients in Ziyang People's Hospital from May 2014 to May 2022 were selected. The included patients were divided into a modeling group (525 cases) and a validation group (225 cases) according to a ratio of 7∶3. In the modeling group, patients were divided into a developing group and a non-developing group according to the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema. Self-designed baseline data questionnaire was used to collect clinical data of patients. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factor for the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients. R 4.0.2 software was used to construct a nomogram model for predicting the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients based on the independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the differentiation of the nomogram prediction model. Calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the consistency of the nomogram prediction model.Results:Among 525 cervical cancer patients in the modeling group, 109 (20.76%) had postoperative lower extremity lymphedema. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients with different ages, tumor stages, surgical methods, postoperative drainage time, continuous standing time, number of lymph node dissection, and with or without diabetes mellitus, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy, strenuous exercise or physical labor between the developing group and the non-developing group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old( OR = 2.548, 95% CI: 1.253-5.181), postoperative radiotherapy ( OR = 8.048, 95% CI: 3.867-16.749), postoperative drainage time ≥5 d ( OR = 2.664, 95% CI: 1.043-6.803), continuous standing time ≥ 1 h ( OR = 3.024, 95% CI: 1.252-7.305), number of lymph node dissection > 20 ( OR = 7.063, 95% CI: 1.595-31.281), comorbid diabetes mellitus ( OR = 2.617, 95% CI: 1.200-5.711), and strenuous exercise or physical labor ( OR = 3.518, 95% CI: 1.841-6.721) were all independent risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients (all P < 0.05). Based on the above risk factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients, and internal and external validation was performed. The results showed that the calibration curves of the modeling group and the validation group showed a good fit to the ideal curves (modeling group: χ2 = 7.87, P = 0.446; validation group: χ2 = 7.92, P = 0.441); the area under the ROC curve was 0.839 (95% CI: 0.795-0.883) and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.783-0.885), respectively, indicating that the prediction model had good predictive efficacy. Conclusions:Age, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative drainage time, continuous standing time, number of lymph node dissection, whether combined with diabetes mellitus and strenuous exercise or physical labor may be the influencing factors for the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients. The constructed nomogram model has high clinical value in evaluating the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in patients with cervical cancer and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Using convenience sampling method, 750 cervical cancer patients in Ziyang People's Hospital from May 2014 to May 2022 were selected. The included patients were divided into a modeling group (525 cases) and a validation group (225 cases) according to a ratio of 7∶3. In the modeling group, patients were divided into a developing group and a non-developing group according to the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema. Self-designed baseline data questionnaire was used to collect clinical data of patients. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factor for the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients. R 4.0.2 software was used to construct a nomogram model for predicting the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients based on the independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the differentiation of the nomogram prediction model. Calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the consistency of the nomogram prediction model.Results:Among 525 cervical cancer patients in the modeling group, 109 (20.76%) had postoperative lower extremity lymphedema. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients with different ages, tumor stages, surgical methods, postoperative drainage time, continuous standing time, number of lymph node dissection, and with or without diabetes mellitus, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy, strenuous exercise or physical labor between the developing group and the non-developing group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old( OR = 2.548, 95% CI: 1.253-5.181), postoperative radiotherapy ( OR = 8.048, 95% CI: 3.867-16.749), postoperative drainage time ≥5 d ( OR = 2.664, 95% CI: 1.043-6.803), continuous standing time ≥ 1 h ( OR = 3.024, 95% CI: 1.252-7.305), number of lymph node dissection > 20 ( OR = 7.063, 95% CI: 1.595-31.281), comorbid diabetes mellitus ( OR = 2.617, 95% CI: 1.200-5.711), and strenuous exercise or physical labor ( OR = 3.518, 95% CI: 1.841-6.721) were all independent risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients (all P < 0.05). Based on the above risk factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients, and internal and external validation was performed. The results showed that the calibration curves of the modeling group and the validation group showed a good fit to the ideal curves (modeling group: χ2 = 7.87, P = 0.446; validation group: χ2 = 7.92, P = 0.441); the area under the ROC curve was 0.839 (95% CI: 0.795-0.883) and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.783-0.885), respectively, indicating that the prediction model had good predictive efficacy. Conclusions:Age, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative drainage time, continuous standing time, number of lymph node dissection, whether combined with diabetes mellitus and strenuous exercise or physical labor may be the influencing factors for the incidence of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients. The constructed nomogram model has high clinical value in evaluating the incidence risk of postoperative lower extremity lymphedema in cervical cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the value of metanephrine, normetanephrine, and some steroid hormones in the assessment of adrenal venous sampling (AVS).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 101 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between June 1, 2021, and October 1, 2024. Multiple hormones, including aldosterone, cortisol, metanephrine, normetanephrine and steroid hormone profiles, were measured in samples from the inferior vena cava and bilateral adrenal veins during AVS. Selectivity index and lateralization index were calculated based on the levels of different hormones to determine successful AVS cannulation (selectivity index≥2) and aldosterone hypersecretion lateralization (lateralization index≥2). Patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy were followed for at least 6 months. Clinical and biochemical outcomes were assessed according to the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criteria, with biochemical remission defined as achieving complete or partial biochemical remission postoperatively. The efficacy of different hormones relative to cortisol for calculating selectivity index and lateralization index was evaluated for subtype classification.Results:The age at diagnosis of the enrolled patients was (50.5±9.6) years, including 77 males. Regarding the selectivity index, five hormones including metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone demonstrated significantly higher selectivity index compared to cortisol (all P<0.05). Based on the cortisol-derived selectivity index, AVS cannulation was unsuccessful in 8 patients; using the five indices, unsuccessful cannulation occurred in 2, 2, 3, 4, and 5 patients, respectively. Based on postoperative follow-up, 55 patients were identified as having unilateral surgically relievable primary aldosteronism. In identifying these patients, the performance of metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone was non-inferior to cortisol, correctly identifying 95% (52/55), 93% (51/55), 91% (50/55), 87% (48/55), and 89% (49/55) of cases, respectively. However, among these patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the success rate of intubation in AVS and the ability to identify patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism between the five indicators and cortisol (all P>0.05). Using cortisol-based lateralization as the reference standard, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone both achieved an accuracy of 90% (84/93) for determining the lateralized side, while 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, normetanephrine, and metanephrine achieved accuracies of 89% (83/93), 81% (74/93), and 80% (73/93), respectively. Conclusion:Metanephrine, normetanephrine, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone could increase the success rate of intubation in AVS, with a high ability to identify patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism, and are expected to replace cortisol as new indicators of AVS.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

The organization of the brain follows a topological hierarchy that changes dynamically during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during development can modify this hierarchical topology. By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training for five years (starting from 7 years to 12 years old) in pre-training and post-training, we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology. We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network, AMC training-promoted shifting, and regional changes in cortical gradients. Moreover, the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy. We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups. Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
Child ; Humans ; Cognitive Training ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Motor Cortex

Objective To form the expert consensus on the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing,standardize the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing,and reduce complications related to the limb.Methods Using evidence-based methods,the evidence in this field was searched,evaluated and summarized,and relevant recommendations and research conclusions were extracted and classified by the level of evidence quality,and then the first draft of the consensus was formed.From December 2023 to January 2024,through 2 rounds of expert consultation and 4 rounds of expert meetings,the content was adjusted and the consensus was reached.Results Totally 16 experts participated in the consultation.The positive coefficient is 100%;the authoritative coefficient is 0.847 and 0.836;the average value of each index is more than＞3.8;the coefficient of variation is less than 0.21.The Kendall's harmony coefficient of the 2 rounds of expert consultation is 0.372 and 0.314,respectively,which were statistically significant.The consensus covers the preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative on limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing.Totally 11 themes were involved,including the preoperative preparation,position and catheter fixation in operation,position and catheter fixation in postoperative,activity,turn and transfer,duty shift on limb,nursing care after withdrawal of the catheter,prevention of deep vein thrombosis of the operative limb and prevent infection.Conclusion The consensus is highly scientific,and it is helpful to standardize the limb management of patients with transvenous temporary cardiac pacing.

Objective:To analyze the role of home medical and nursing care team in the service system of home disabled elderly.Methods:A total of 100 home disabled elderly managed by our hospital from Jan to Dec 2022 were enrolled,and the home medical and nursing care teams strengthened home rehabilitation nursing services and guidance,health risk guidance,psychological support,and nutrition guidance and intervention.The management results before and after intervention was compared.Results:After intervention,the mastery of health risk management,psychological support and nutritional intervention,and the compliance rate of rehabilitation exercise were higher than those before intervention(P＜0.05).The incidence of pressure injury was lower than that before intervention(P＜0.05).After intervention,the satisfaction rate of the elderly to the work of the home medical and nursing care team was 95%.Conclusion:Home medical and nursing care team plays an important role in the nursing service system of the disabled elderly,and play an important role in the construction of a three-level service health management system of institution-community-home.

Objective To evaluate 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor and 131 I-MIBG imaging in clinical diag-nostic of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL).Methods This was a retrospective study.359 PPGL pa-tients diagnosed by pathology microscopy were included.The diagnostic sensitivity and influencing factors on 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor and 131 I-MIBG imaging were analyzed.Results The positive rate of 99mTc-HYN-IC-TOC somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was 57.7%(184/319)and 131I-MIBG imaging was 83.2%(232/279).The positive rates of 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor imaging in the adrenal glands,retroperitoneum,head and neck,heart and mediastinum,pelvis and bladder were 53.3%,62.5%,95.0%,66.7%,50.0%and 11.0%respec-tively and the positive rates of 131I-MIBG imaging were 86.7%,88.5%,45.4%,50.0%,75.0%and 33.3%respec-tively.The positive rate of the two imaging did not showed difference among patients with different genetic back-grounds(SDH,VHL,RET mutations).The median maximum diameter of tumors was 4.4(3.0,6.1)cm.and the diag-nostic sensitivity of somatostatin receptor imaging and 131 I-MIBG imaging for larger tumors(≥4.4 cm)was signifi-cantly higher than those for the smaller tumor group(＜4.4 cm)(64.0%vs.51.3%;92.3%vs.74.1%)(P＜0.01).Tumors in 19 patients(5.3%)failed to uptake neither imaging method.Conclusions This is the largest PPGL cohort in China concerning 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor imaging and 131 I-MIBG imaging.The sensitivity of 131 I-MIBG imaging is higher than that of 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor imaging,but for some tumors,such as head and neck paraganglioma,the latter has obvious advantages.These two imagings technol-ogies are complementary and the choice of them should depend the individual situation of patients.

Objective To study the relationship between serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and clinical features of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma(PPGL).Methods Totally 501 PPGL patients diagnosed from January 2019 to December 2022 were divided into normal NSE group(NSE≤16.3 ng/mL)and elevated NSE group(NSE＞16.3 ng/mL).The clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with normal NSE group,patients in the elevated NSE group had larger diameter in primary tumor(5.00 cm vs.4.60 cm),higher 24-hour urinary norepinephrine(NE)and 24-hour urinary dopamine(DA)levels,and a higher rate of metasta-sis(31.6%vs.13.7%)(P＜0.05).NSE level was positively correlated with the primary tumor size(r=0.131,P＜0.05),24-hour urinary NE level(r=0.195,P＜0.05)and 24-hour urinary DA level(r=0.119,P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of NSE is related to tumor size,secretion function and metastasis in PPGL patients.