OBJECTIVE:The quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses directly affects the reliability of clinical decision-making basis.Currently,there is no literature quality research on the systematic reviews/meta-analyses of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis both domestically and internationally.This article will comprehensively evaluate the methodological quality,reporting quality,and evidence quality of the systematic reviews/meta-analyses of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.METHODS:Computer searches were conducted on CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,and The Cochrane Library.From the establishment of the database until January 24,2024,all systematic reviews/meta-analyses treated with platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis were collected.Two evaluators independently conducted literature screening and data extraction,and used the AMSTAR 2,PRISMA 2020,and GRADE systems to evaluate and summarize the methodological,reporting,and evidence quality of the included systematic reviews/meta-analyses.RESULTS:A total of 18 qualified systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included,and the results showed that the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma might be better than that of hyaluronic acid.The methodological quality of all 18 studies was extremely low;4 reports had poor quality and relatively serious information defects,while 14 reports had moderate quality and some information defects.Among the 275 outcome measures of 16 systematic reviews/meta-analyses,there were 9 medium quality evidence,90 low-quality evidence,and 176 extremely low-quality evidence,with no high-quality evidence.CONCLUSION:At present,the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses literature on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid is relatively low.In the future,the authors of the systematic reviews need to strictly follow the entries of quality evaluation tools such as AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA 2020 in terms of plan registration,research type explanation,retrieval strategy,exclusion list,research site and funding source,bias risk analysis,publication bias evaluation,and public information acquisition,and conduct evidence quality evaluation on the combined results of the systematic reviews/meta-analyses to provide more reliable and rigorous evidence-based basis for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Vital pulp therapy is one of the main treatments for common oral diseases such as deep caries.The antibacterial properties of pulp-capping materials are crucial to the efficacy of the treatment.Currently,commonly used pulp-capping material has weak antibacterial properties and may induce a certain degree of inflammatory response in the pulp tissue,leading to treatment failure.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antibacterial effects of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin@Gap19(AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19)hydrogel material.METHODS:Nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide was prepared.Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured in complete medium containing different mass concentrations of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.The inhibition zone assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of different mass concentrations of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide on Staphylococcus aureus.The nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide mass concentration with the most obvious cell proliferation and antibacterial effects was screened by the results of CCK-8 and inhibition zone assays,and loaded into hydrogels.Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured in complete medium containing different concentrations of Gap19(a specific inhibitor of connexin 43 hemichannels),and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.The Gap19 concentration with the most obvious cell proliferation effect was screened and loaded into hydrogels.AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel was prepared,and the physicochemical properties of the hydrogel material were characterized.The suspension of Staphylococcus aureus(or Escherichia coli,Streptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus)was co-cultured with mineral trioxide aggregates,polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin hydrogel,nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin hydrogel and AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel.The bacterial suspension cultured alone was used as the blank control group to detect the antibacterial rate of each group of hydrogels.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The optimal mass concentration of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide was determined to be 12.5 μg/mL by CCK-8 assay and inhibition zone test results,and the optimal concentration of Gap19 was determined to be 20 μmol/L by CCK-8 assay.(2)Scanning electron microscopy showed that AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel was wrinkled and porous,and nanosilver was loaded on the surface and inside of the hydrogel.Energy spectrum analysis results showed that nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide and Gap19 were successfully loaded on the hydrogel.(3)The four hydrogels had obvious inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Streptococcus mutans,and Lactobacillus,and the antibacterial effects of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacryloyl gelatin hydrogel and AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel were the most significant,indicating that AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel,as a new type of pulp capping material,has an obvious antibacterial effect.

OBJECTIVE:The quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses directly affects the reliability of clinical decision-making basis.Currently,there is no literature quality research on the systematic reviews/meta-analyses of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis both domestically and internationally.This article will comprehensively evaluate the methodological quality,reporting quality,and evidence quality of the systematic reviews/meta-analyses of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.METHODS:Computer searches were conducted on CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,and The Cochrane Library.From the establishment of the database until January 24,2024,all systematic reviews/meta-analyses treated with platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis were collected.Two evaluators independently conducted literature screening and data extraction,and used the AMSTAR 2,PRISMA 2020,and GRADE systems to evaluate and summarize the methodological,reporting,and evidence quality of the included systematic reviews/meta-analyses.RESULTS:A total of 18 qualified systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included,and the results showed that the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma might be better than that of hyaluronic acid.The methodological quality of all 18 studies was extremely low;4 reports had poor quality and relatively serious information defects,while 14 reports had moderate quality and some information defects.Among the 275 outcome measures of 16 systematic reviews/meta-analyses,there were 9 medium quality evidence,90 low-quality evidence,and 176 extremely low-quality evidence,with no high-quality evidence.CONCLUSION:At present,the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses literature on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid is relatively low.In the future,the authors of the systematic reviews need to strictly follow the entries of quality evaluation tools such as AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA 2020 in terms of plan registration,research type explanation,retrieval strategy,exclusion list,research site and funding source,bias risk analysis,publication bias evaluation,and public information acquisition,and conduct evidence quality evaluation on the combined results of the systematic reviews/meta-analyses to provide more reliable and rigorous evidence-based basis for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Titanium surface micro-nano structure modification is a hot research field in titanium implant surface treatment.The diabetic hyperglycemia environment will affect the stable bonding between titanium implant and bone tissue,so it is necessary to explore the surface micro-nano structure modification to improve the osteogenic activity of titanium implant in high glucose environment.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles(AuNPs@MSNs)coating on osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under high glucose in vitro.METHODS:Gold nanoparticle suspension and mesoporous silica were prepared respectively,and the two were mixed in deionized water in a certain proportion to prepare gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica suspension.Titanium sheets were taken and divided into three groups for treatment:the smooth group was treated with water sandpaper;the nanotube group was treated with water sandpaper and then anodized to prepare titanium dioxide nanotube coating,and the experimental group prepared titanium dioxide nanotube coating and then immersed in gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica suspension to prepare gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating.The microscopic morphology and hydrophilicity of the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets were characterized.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets.Cell proliferation was detected by cell live/dead fluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay.Cell adhesion was detected by DAPI/phalloidin staining.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets,and high-glucose osteogenic induction medium was added for culture.Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the titanium sheet in the smooth group was uniform and flat.The titanium dioxide nanotube arrays in the nanotube group were closely arranged on the surface,and the titanium sheet in the experimental group was loaded with gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica on the surface and inside of the titanium dioxide nanotubes.The hydrophilicity of the titanium sheets in the nanotube group and the experimental group was better than that in the smooth group.(2)The results of cell live/dead fluorescence staining exhibited that the cell viability on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets was higher than 90%.The results of CCK-8 assay show that the cell proliferation rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the smooth group and the nanotube group.The results of DAPI/phalloidin staining showed that the titanium dioxide nanotube coating and the gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating were more conducive to cell adhesion.(3)The results of alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization of the cells on the titanium sheet surface in the experimental group were higher than those in the smooth group and the nanotube group.(4)The results show that the gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating can enhance the biological activity of the titanium surface and promote osteogenic differentiation in a high glucose environment.

BACKGROUND:Vital pulp therapy is one of the main treatments for common oral diseases such as deep caries.The antibacterial properties of pulp-capping materials are crucial to the efficacy of the treatment.Currently,commonly used pulp-capping material has weak antibacterial properties and may induce a certain degree of inflammatory response in the pulp tissue,leading to treatment failure.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antibacterial effects of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin@Gap19(AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19)hydrogel material.METHODS:Nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide was prepared.Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured in complete medium containing different mass concentrations of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.The inhibition zone assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of different mass concentrations of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide on Staphylococcus aureus.The nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide mass concentration with the most obvious cell proliferation and antibacterial effects was screened by the results of CCK-8 and inhibition zone assays,and loaded into hydrogels.Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured in complete medium containing different concentrations of Gap19(a specific inhibitor of connexin 43 hemichannels),and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.The Gap19 concentration with the most obvious cell proliferation effect was screened and loaded into hydrogels.AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel was prepared,and the physicochemical properties of the hydrogel material were characterized.The suspension of Staphylococcus aureus(or Escherichia coli,Streptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus)was co-cultured with mineral trioxide aggregates,polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin hydrogel,nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacrylated gelatin hydrogel and AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel.The bacterial suspension cultured alone was used as the blank control group to detect the antibacterial rate of each group of hydrogels.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The optimal mass concentration of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide was determined to be 12.5 μg/mL by CCK-8 assay and inhibition zone test results,and the optimal concentration of Gap19 was determined to be 20 μmol/L by CCK-8 assay.(2)Scanning electron microscopy showed that AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel was wrinkled and porous,and nanosilver was loaded on the surface and inside of the hydrogel.Energy spectrum analysis results showed that nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide and Gap19 were successfully loaded on the hydrogel.(3)The four hydrogels had obvious inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Streptococcus mutans,and Lactobacillus,and the antibacterial effects of nanosilver-reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine/methacryloyl gelatin hydrogel and AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel were the most significant,indicating that AgNPs-rGO/PDA/GelMA@Gap19 hydrogel,as a new type of pulp capping material,has an obvious antibacterial effect.

BACKGROUND:Titanium surface micro-nano structure modification is a hot research field in titanium implant surface treatment.The diabetic hyperglycemia environment will affect the stable bonding between titanium implant and bone tissue,so it is necessary to explore the surface micro-nano structure modification to improve the osteogenic activity of titanium implant in high glucose environment.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles(AuNPs@MSNs)coating on osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under high glucose in vitro.METHODS:Gold nanoparticle suspension and mesoporous silica were prepared respectively,and the two were mixed in deionized water in a certain proportion to prepare gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica suspension.Titanium sheets were taken and divided into three groups for treatment:the smooth group was treated with water sandpaper;the nanotube group was treated with water sandpaper and then anodized to prepare titanium dioxide nanotube coating,and the experimental group prepared titanium dioxide nanotube coating and then immersed in gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica suspension to prepare gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating.The microscopic morphology and hydrophilicity of the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets were characterized.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets.Cell proliferation was detected by cell live/dead fluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay.Cell adhesion was detected by DAPI/phalloidin staining.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets,and high-glucose osteogenic induction medium was added for culture.Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the titanium sheet in the smooth group was uniform and flat.The titanium dioxide nanotube arrays in the nanotube group were closely arranged on the surface,and the titanium sheet in the experimental group was loaded with gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica on the surface and inside of the titanium dioxide nanotubes.The hydrophilicity of the titanium sheets in the nanotube group and the experimental group was better than that in the smooth group.(2)The results of cell live/dead fluorescence staining exhibited that the cell viability on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets was higher than 90%.The results of CCK-8 assay show that the cell proliferation rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the smooth group and the nanotube group.The results of DAPI/phalloidin staining showed that the titanium dioxide nanotube coating and the gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating were more conducive to cell adhesion.(3)The results of alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization of the cells on the titanium sheet surface in the experimental group were higher than those in the smooth group and the nanotube group.(4)The results show that the gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating can enhance the biological activity of the titanium surface and promote osteogenic differentiation in a high glucose environment.

Objective This study aims to compare the accuracy of self-developed universal implant guide(SDG),3D printed digital guide(DG),and free hand(FH)simulated implantation in the posterior tooth area of dental models.Methods Ten junior dentists were selected to place three implants in the 35,37,and 46 tooth sites of the mandibular models(35,36,37,and 46 missing teeth)by using SDG,DG,and FH,and the process was repeated again to take the av-erage value.Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)was used to evaluate the global coronal deviation,global apical deviation,depth deviation,and angular deviation between the actual position and preoperative planned position.Re-sults The coronal deviation and apical deviation of the three implant sites in the SDG group were not significantly dif-ferent from those in the two other groups(P>0.05).The depth deviation and angular deviation in the SDG group were smaller than those in the DG group(P<0.05)and FH group(P<0.05),respectively.All deviations at site 37 in the SDG group were not different from those at site 35(P>0.05),while the depth and angular deviation at site 37 in the DG group were higher than those at site 35(P<0.05).Conclusion The precision of the self-developed universal dental im-plant guide can meet the requirements of clinical posteri-or implantation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the multi-target mechanism of action of Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder(SZ) against hyperuricemia(HUA) based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics approaches, combined with animal experiments. METHODS Utilizing Symmap, SwissTargetPrediction, and Pharmmapper databases, the potential active components and corresponding targets of SZ were obtained. Through the Gene Cards and OMIM databases, HUA-related targets were obtained. By taking the intersection mapping, the common targets of SZ and HUA were identified. Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was used to construct a drug component-disease target interaction network, and in combination with the STRING database, a protein interaction network was built and core targets were screened. The DAVID database was used to perform GO biological function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the intersecting targets. A mouse model of HUA was constructed using potassium oxyzate combined with high purine diet, and the effects of SZ on these mice were examined using ELISA and biochemical index detection. qRT-PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-Seq and network pharmacology enrichment analysis. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis identified 11 major bioactive substances in SZ and 72 potential targets involved in the treatment of hyperuricemia, involving multiple biological processes and different signaling pathways. It was shown that SZ significantly reduced serum uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in hyperuricemic mice by inhibiting xanthineoxidase activity. SZ also reduced the levels of URAT1 while increasing the levels of ABCG2. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that there were 112, 536 and 107 differentially expressed genes in the model group vs treated group, control group vs model group and control group vs treated group, respectively. qRT-PCR results indicated that SZ downregulated the expression of genes related to Th17 cell differentiation as well as mRNA of genes on IL-17 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CONCLUSION SZ has therapeutic effects on hyperuricemia. The mechanism of action maybe related to the inhibition of hepatic xanthineoxidase activity, down-regulation of URAT1 levels, up-regulation of ABCG2 levels, affecting the differentiation of Th17 cells and thus the IL-17 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on motor function, cerebral blood flow, cerebral infarction volume, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and an EA group, with eight rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion model was established by the suture-occluded method in the model group and the EA group, while not in the normal group. The EA group was pretreated with EA at bilateral Fengchi (GB20) before model preparation, once a day for 30 min each time for a total of 7 d. The changes in the CatWalk gait parameters, modified Bederson neurological deficit score, cerebral blood flow, cerebral infarction volume after ischemia, and VEGF level in the brain tissue of rats in each group were observed. Results: Compared with the normal group, the modified Bederson neurological deficit score in the model group and the EA group increased after modeling (P<0.05), and the CatWalk gait parameters (one-leg stance duration, gait cadence, and gait cycle) were all changed (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the modified Bederson neurological deficit score in the EA group decreased (P<0.05), and the CatWalk gait parameters improved (P<0.05). Immediately after ischemia, the cerebral blood flow in the normal group was greater than that in the model group and the EA group (P<0.05); after reperfusion, the cerebral blood flow in the EA group was greater than that in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the cerebral infarction volume in the model group and the EA group increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the cerebral infarction volume in the EA group decreased (P<0.05). The expression level of VEGF-positive cells in the rat brain tissue in the model group was higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05), and was higher in the EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: EA pretreatment improves the limb motor function in MCAO model rats, alleviates the symptoms of neurological deficits, promotes the recovery of cerebral blood flow, reduces the cerebral infarction area after MCAO modeling, and increases the VEGF expression in the brain tissue.

Objective To investigate the impact flat deformity of the cerebral cortex induced by congenital hydrocephalus on motor functioning and cognition.Methods Tomography was used to confirm the presence of flat cortex deformity in three congenital hydrocephalus patients ranging in age from 20 to 33.Their motor control,balance,cognition and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the Berg balance scale (BBS),the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Speech dysfunction was judged on the basis of clinical communication.The patients were scanned using a 64-slice spiral CT and size-of-ventricle indices were calculated.Results All 3 patients underwent ventrideperitoneal shunt.Their FMA scores were 75.5,83 and 100,with BBS scores of 4,24 and 56,MMSE scores of 14,23 and 26,and the MBIs of 40,90 and 100.CT images showed obvious ventricle enlargement and a thinner cortex layer in all three,with the thinnest part 0.18 cm,0.22 cm and 0.57 cm.Their ventricle indexes were 303％,288％ and 192％,respectively.Conclusion Although there is no systematic rehabilitation therapy for such patients,their motor,cognition and speech functioning were good,indicating the great potential for plasticity of the human brain.