Evidence-based public health, as the forefront of modern public health practice, has increasingly important in public health field. However, a significant gap remains between the available evidence and its practical application. Effectively disseminating and implementing evidence-based public health practice in real-world settings has become a key challenge in contemporary public health research. In this context, Implementation Science has emerged as a vital discipline. This paper explores the critical role of Implementation Science in public health, reviews the origins and core components of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and analyzes the current application of CFIR in public health through bibliometric methods. Additionally, it discusses specific examples to further elucidate the steps involved in using the CFIR and its application contexts. The findings indicate that since 2015, research on CFIR in public health has progressively increased, showing a continuous upward trend. CFIR applications mainly address context-specific facilitators, health decision-making, barrier and facilitator identification, and community-based participatory evaluation, predominantly employing qualitative and mixed-methods research. This paper not only reviews and analyzes the current use of CFIR in public health but also provides a detailed discussion on its application. The goal is to offer valuable insights for the development of Implementation Science research within China's public health sector.

Objective:To explore the effects of deep hyperthermia on chemotherapy-related adverse effects and immune-inflammatory indicators in the patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.Methods:This retrospective study included 52 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from September 2021 to December 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on treatment method: the combination group ( n=29) received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia, while the chemotherapy group ( n=23) received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy alone. Both groups were treated with the XELOX regimen (oxaliplatin + capecitabine). The degree of bone marrow suppression during treatment was assessed by analyzing peripheral blood parameters, including hemoglobin, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and platelet count. Immune-inflammatory indicators, including complement, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), were compared before and after treatment in both groups to evaluate the effects of deep hyperthermia on the immune-inflammatory response. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (two-tailed) was used to compare bone marrow suppression rates, and the immune-inflammatory indicators between the two groups were compared using t-tests or non-parametric tests, depending on whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. Results:In terms of myelosuppression, the incidence rates of moderate to severe decreases in leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and hemoglobin in the combination group were 31%, 31%, 21%, and 14%, respectively, compared to 52%, 61%, 48%, and 9% in the chemotherapy group. The change in PCT levels before and after treatment was significantly greater in the combination group than in the chemotherapy group ( P = 0.010). Both the combination group and the chemotherapy group showed significant reductions in SII, NLR and PLR after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The change in NLR before and after treatment was significantly greater in the combination group than in the chemotherapy group ( P = 0.031). Conclusions:Deep hyperthermia can alleviate chemotherapy-induced adverse effects such as thrombocytopenia and neutropenia in patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. It also appears to improve the inflammatory response in these patients.

Pharmacoepidemiology is a scientific discipline that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study the utilization and effects of pharmaceuticals in populations.It plays a crucial role in promoting rational drug use and improving public health outcomes.High-quality pharmacoepidemiological research relies on rigorous methodological frameworks.Chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA)has officially initiated the development/revision of the of the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology in China(2nd edition)in 2024.This revision project was supported by the Pharmacoepidemiology Committee of CPA,and was led by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Peking University School of Public Health,which provided methodological guidance,in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts from across the country.Building on the experience of the 1st edition's development,the working group conducted a qualitative systematic review,to extract key information from global pharmacoepidemiology-related guidelines,laying the foundation for the development/revision proposals of the 2nd edition.Subsequently,through two rounds of Delphi method expert consultations and qualitative interviews,alongside extensive discussions within the working group,the draft revision of the guideline was created.Finally,through an expert consensus meeting using the Nominal Group Technique(NGT),a consensus was reached,resulting in a methodological guideline that integrates international perspectives with local applicability for pharmacoepidemiological research in China.The 2nd edition consists of 41 entries,including 8 primary entries,20 secondary entries,and 13 tertiary entries.It comprehensively covers key aspects such as study protocol development,study implementation,adverse event reporting,research report writing,and dissemination of study findings.Additionally,it addresses specific application scenarios and topics,as well as the application of artificial intelligence and real-world studies.

Pharmacoepidemiology is an interdisciplinary discipline that applies epidemiological research methods to evaluate the application and effect of drugs within population.Standardizing pharmacoepidemiological research methods is crucial for ensuring the quality of research and promoting the development of the discipline.The Pharmacoepidemiology Professional Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association developed the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(1st edition),in 2019,but has not been updated in over five years.Other,countries/regions such as Europe,America,Japan and South Korea have made a lot of progress in developing and updating the guidelines.Therefore,the rapid development of pharmacoepidemiology in our country and the growing need to align with international standards make it essential to update the guidelines.The second edition of the guidelines was developed through a process that included systematic reviews,practical surveys,and multidisciplinary collaboration.Compared with the first edition,the updated version has made many important changes in research design,data sources,specific application scenarios and more,and added new contents such as the application of artificial intelligence.The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of updating the guidelines,selecting important changes and formulating interpretation plans.It aims to provide references for relevant professionals to comprehensively understand and apply the new guidelines,and to promote the standardized development and quality of pharmacoepidemiologic research in our country,further advancing the field.

It has been not been updated for nearly 5 years since the Pharmacoepidemiology Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association released the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology in China(1st edition)in 2019,and an update is urgently needed.This study adopts a systematic review approach to comprehensively search for global pharmacoepidemiology methodological guidelines and analyze their development status.By extracting the frameworks and key elements of the guidelines,the China's guide was compared with other included guidelines,its shortcomings were analysed,and pragmatic and feasible suggestions for improvement in line with China's national conditions,were proposed in order to provide references for updating China's guide.A systematic search was conducted by searching PubMed,Embase,CNKI,WanFang Data and 17 official websites of international academic organizations for pharmacoepidemiology and regulatory agencies from countries or regions including Europe,the United States,Japan,and China,etc.,and relevant guidelines or standards were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,resulting in the inclusion of 33 methodological guidelines or standards for pharmacoepidemiological studies.A qualitative synthesis approach was then employed to extract core elements from the guidelines through thematic categorization and content summarization,followed by a descriptive comparative analysis.The results indicate that the 1st edition of the China's guide provides relatively comprehensive guidance on adverse drug reaction reporting and publication of research findings.However,there are gaps in study protocol development,data analysis during study implementation,study reporting,and specific study scenarios.By integrating and drawing upon the latest international pharmacoepidemiology methodology guidelines while balancing comprehensiveness,practicality,and user-friendliness,this study provides recommendations for updating the China's guide.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

Evidence-based public health, as the forefront of modern public health practice, has increasingly important in public health field. However, a significant gap remains between the available evidence and its practical application. Effectively disseminating and implementing evidence-based public health practice in real-world settings has become a key challenge in contemporary public health research. In this context, Implementation Science has emerged as a vital discipline. This paper explores the critical role of Implementation Science in public health, reviews the origins and core components of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and analyzes the current application of CFIR in public health through bibliometric methods. Additionally, it discusses specific examples to further elucidate the steps involved in using the CFIR and its application contexts. The findings indicate that since 2015, research on CFIR in public health has progressively increased, showing a continuous upward trend. CFIR applications mainly address context-specific facilitators, health decision-making, barrier and facilitator identification, and community-based participatory evaluation, predominantly employing qualitative and mixed-methods research. This paper not only reviews and analyzes the current use of CFIR in public health but also provides a detailed discussion on its application. The goal is to offer valuable insights for the development of Implementation Science research within China's public health sector.

It has been not been updated for nearly 5 years since the Pharmacoepidemiology Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association released the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology in China(1st edition)in 2019,and an update is urgently needed.This study adopts a systematic review approach to comprehensively search for global pharmacoepidemiology methodological guidelines and analyze their development status.By extracting the frameworks and key elements of the guidelines,the China's guide was compared with other included guidelines,its shortcomings were analysed,and pragmatic and feasible suggestions for improvement in line with China's national conditions,were proposed in order to provide references for updating China's guide.A systematic search was conducted by searching PubMed,Embase,CNKI,WanFang Data and 17 official websites of international academic organizations for pharmacoepidemiology and regulatory agencies from countries or regions including Europe,the United States,Japan,and China,etc.,and relevant guidelines or standards were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,resulting in the inclusion of 33 methodological guidelines or standards for pharmacoepidemiological studies.A qualitative synthesis approach was then employed to extract core elements from the guidelines through thematic categorization and content summarization,followed by a descriptive comparative analysis.The results indicate that the 1st edition of the China's guide provides relatively comprehensive guidance on adverse drug reaction reporting and publication of research findings.However,there are gaps in study protocol development,data analysis during study implementation,study reporting,and specific study scenarios.By integrating and drawing upon the latest international pharmacoepidemiology methodology guidelines while balancing comprehensiveness,practicality,and user-friendliness,this study provides recommendations for updating the China's guide.

Pharmacoepidemiology is an interdisciplinary discipline that applies epidemiological research methods to evaluate the application and effect of drugs within population.Standardizing pharmacoepidemiological research methods is crucial for ensuring the quality of research and promoting the development of the discipline.The Pharmacoepidemiology Professional Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association developed the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(1st edition),in 2019,but has not been updated in over five years.Other,countries/regions such as Europe,America,Japan and South Korea have made a lot of progress in developing and updating the guidelines.Therefore,the rapid development of pharmacoepidemiology in our country and the growing need to align with international standards make it essential to update the guidelines.The second edition of the guidelines was developed through a process that included systematic reviews,practical surveys,and multidisciplinary collaboration.Compared with the first edition,the updated version has made many important changes in research design,data sources,specific application scenarios and more,and added new contents such as the application of artificial intelligence.The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of updating the guidelines,selecting important changes and formulating interpretation plans.It aims to provide references for relevant professionals to comprehensively understand and apply the new guidelines,and to promote the standardized development and quality of pharmacoepidemiologic research in our country,further advancing the field.