Diabetes-associated dry eye disease(DDED)is a common ocular surface complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by lacrimal gland dysfunction, corneal neuropathy, meibomian gland dysfunction, and ocular surface barrier impairment,with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis driven by positive ROS-inflammatory feedback as its key pathogenesis. Chronic hyperglycemia induces excessive production of ROS via activation of the polyol pathway, accumulation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs), protein kinase C(PKC)activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Through the interplay among the ROS-inflammation positive feedback loop, autophagy dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress, excess ROS triggers corneal nerve degeneration, reduced tear secretion, abnormal meibum, and systemic disruption of multiple ocular surface barriers, thereby forming a “hyperglycemia-oxidative stress-ocular surface injury” vicious cycle. In addition to artificial tears, anti-inflammatory agents, and physical therapies, treatment should include multi-target strategies such as stringent glycemic control, antioxidant therapy, neuroprotective therapy, secretagogue therapy, and integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. This review proposes an oxidative stress-centered pathophysiological framework for DDED and outlines the intervention targets of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, aims to provide a reference for mechanistic research and precision interventions.

AIM: To explore the relationship between hyperopia reserve and ocular biometric parameters in 4-14 year-old Uyghur students from Hotan County, Xinjiang, and to provide scientific evidence for myopia prevention.METHODS: From September 1 to October 31, 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 264 students(3 264 eyes)from 6 schools in Hotan County. Participants underwent uncorrected distance visual acuity testing, cycloplegic refraction, and ocular biometric measurements. The correlation between spherical equivalent(SE)and ocular biometric parameters was analyzed by multiple linear regression.RESULTS: A total of 1 998 non-myopic students(1 998 eyes)were included in the study, with 1 354 students(67.77%)showing insufficient hyperopia reserve. The detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve decreased with age, from 94.12% at age 4 to 18.13% at age 14(P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that in the group with sufficient hyperopia reserve, age, gender, uncorrected distance visual acuity, axial length(AL), and keratometry(K)explained 66.5% of the variance in SE; while in the group with insufficient hyperopia reserve, these factors explained only 28.0% of the SE variance.CONCLUSION: In non-myopic Uyghur students aged 4-14 in Hotan County, Xinjiang, the detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve was 67.77%. In the group with insufficient hyperopia reserve, age, gender, AL, and K explained only a small portion of the SE variance, suggesting that the refractive status of this population may be influenced by more complex factors.

Objective:To evaluate the changes of retinal thickness, choroid thickness and choroid vascular polypoid lesions (polyps) before and after the treatment of conbercept in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with conbercept based on enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).Methods:Twenty patients with PCV admitted to the ophthalmology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 (who had not received intravitreous injection before) were selected and given intravitreous injection of conbercept with 3+ pro re nata (PRN) treatment. The changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), peripapillary choroid thickness (PCT), polyps height, and maximum cross-sectional area of polyps were observed before and after treatment.Results:There were significant difference in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CMT, SFCT, PCT, polyps height and maximum polyps cross-sectional area before and after treatment in 20 patients (all P<0.05). BCVA was significantly improved at 1 week and 1 month after treatment (all P<0.05), and still improved at 6 months after treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with 3 months after treatment ( P>0.05), and slightly fluctuated at 6 to 12 months after treatment, but basically stable. CMT, SFCT and PCT decreased significantly after 3 months of treatment, and were basically stable from 6 to 12 months after treatment. One month after treatment, polyps height was (251.30±57.49)μm, with a decrease of 11.3 μm; the polyps height decreased at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The maximum cross-sectional area of polyps at 3 and 12 months after treatment was (2.10±0.44)μm 2 and (1.98±0.44)μm 2, respectively, with a certain degree of decrease, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Intraocular injection of conbercept can effectively reduce CMT, SFCT, PCT, polyps height, maximum cross-sectional area of polyps and increase BCVA in PCV patients 3 months after treatment. EDI-OCT and OCTA were used to quantitatively detect the changes of PCV indexes and observe the curative effect and prognosis.