The intestinal microecology is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment through the "gut-liver axis", promoting cancer progression. Therefore, the intestinal microbiome is gradually demonstrating the potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of HCC and prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy. Targeted intervention on the intestinal microecology (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary regulation, etc.) may enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and is becoming a promising combination therapy strategy. In the future, HCC treatment will rely on multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, and synthetic biology tools to promote the translation of precise gut flora intervention strategies from basic research to the clinic. This article summarized the latest research progress of intestinal microecology in HCC, explored its potential value and development direction for precision diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of related intervention strategies.

Colorectal cancer is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Colorectal cancer has a poor prognosis, duing to the current limited treatment methods and can not achieve satisfactory treatment results. Therefore, how to diagnose colorectal cancer patients early and improve the prognosis has always been one of the problems in the medical and scientific research circles. As researchers gradually learn more about the intestinal flora including Fusobacterium nucleatum, the targeted treatment has been applied to the experimental research and clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. This paper reviews the research progress of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years.

Anastomotic leakage is one of the most serious complications following colorectal surgery. Occurrence of anastomotic leakage is concealed and numerous risk factors might relate to anastomotic leakage, which greatly affect the postoperative outcomes and life quality of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize risk factors to predict anastomotic leakage in advance and adopt available treatments to reduce the incidence. This review summarized the risk factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage base on two aspects, and so on. Perioperative related factors and biological markers, aiming to provide a theory for predicting anastomotic leakage then improving the treatment outcomes of colorectal cancer patients .

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer, such as Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus thermophilus. At present, Surgery is the mainly treatment strategy of colorectal cancer patients, supplemented by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The influence of gut microbiota on colorectal cancer is not limited to the tumor itself. After tumor resection, gut microbiota is still in a state of disorder, which will affect the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients. Therefore, understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and prognosis of colorectal cancer is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce postoperative complications. In this review, the author will summarize the influence of gut microbiota on short-term and long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous tissues that tether organs to one another or to the peritoneal wall and represent the major cause of postsurgical morbidity. Enterolysis at repeat surgeries induces adhesion reformation that is more difficult to prevent than primary adhesion. Here we studied the preventive effects of different approaches of berberine treatment for primary adhesion, and its effects on adhesion reformation compared to Interceed. We found the primary adhesion was remarkably prevented by berberine through intraperitoneal injection 30 min before abrasive surgery (pre-berberine) or direct addition into injured cecum immediately after the surgery (inter-berberine). Rats with adhesion reformation had a more deteriorative collagen accumulation and tissue injury in abrasive sites than rats with primary adhesion. The dysregulated TIMP-1/MMP balance was observed in patients after surgery, as well as adhesion tissues from primary adhesion or adhesion reformation rats. Inter-berberine treatment had a better effect for adhesion reformation prevention than Interceed. Berberine promoted the activation of MMP-3 and MMP-8 by directly blocking TIMP-1 activation core, which was reversed by TIMP-1 overexpression in fibroblasts. In conclusion, this study suggests berberine as a reasonable approach for preventing primary adhesion formation and adhesion reformation.

Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in controlling the formation of melanin in melanosome, and plays a key role in the pigmentation of hair and skin. The abnormal expression or activation of tyrosinase is associated with several diseases such as albinism, vitiligo, melanoma and Parkinson disease. Excessive deposition of melanin could cause diseases such as freckles and brown spots in the human body, and it is also closely related to browning of fruits and vegetables and insect molting. Detecting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase is of extraordinary value in the progress of diagnosis and treatment of these dis-eases. Therefore, many selective optical detection probes and small molecular inhibitors have been developed, and have made significant contributions to the basic and clinical research on these diseases. In this paper, the detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application in whitening products are reviewed, with special emphasis on development of fluorescent probes and inhibitors. Hopefully, this review will help design more efficient and sensitive tyrosinase probes and inhibitors, as well as shed light on novel treatment of diseases such as melanoma.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of bacteria in urine of patients with ureteral stent crusting.Methods:Thirty-five patients who underwent ureteral stent placement at the Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital, and Jinan Jigang Hospital were selected from October, 2018 to March, 2019(the clinical study registration number is ChiCTR1800020025). The inclusion criteria were patients who had the stent intubated for 4 weeks after ureteroscopic lithotripsy, aged between 18 and 65 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with positive urine bacterial culture, severe gross hematuria, recent oral antibiotics, and patients with significant residual stones. This clinical study uses a cross-sectional study method, and those patients were divided into crusting group (n=23) and non-crusting group (n=12) according to the presence or absence of stent crusting. On the day of extubation, urine of the patients was collected for bacterial 16s DNA detection. The distribution characteristics of bacteria in urine of the two groups were analyzed using UPARSE, UCHIME and RDP calssifier. The total number of bacteria species, bacterial abundance and bacterial species with large-scale abundance in urine of the two groups were determined. The quantity of bacteria species and bacterial abundance in the urine between the two groups were compared, and the bacterial species with large-scale abundance in urine of the patients with stent crusting were identified.Results:There were no significant differences in general information such as age, body mass index, gender, affected side, type of stent tube, and stone composition between the two groups. Using 16s DNA sequencing to detect the bacteria in the urine of the two groups revealed that the number of bacterial species with abundance >1% was 11, and the number of bacterial species with abundance >0.01% was 74 in the crusting group. In the non-crusting group, the number of bacterial species with abundance >1% and >0.01% was 7 and 11, respectively. Compared with the non-crusting group, the number of bacterial species with abundance >1% in the crusting group was significantly larger ( t=5.12, P=0.000). In the crusting group, bacterial species with the top three abundance were g_Lactobacillus (23.1%), g_Bacteroides (18.8%) and g_norank_Bacteroides (17.1%). In the non-crusting group, bacterial species with the top three abundance were g_Escherichia-Shigella (32.2%), g_Enterococcus (24.9%) and g_Pseudomonas (18.2%). The three bacteria with the greatest difference between the two groups were g_ Lactobacillus ( P=0.010), g_Bacteroides ( P=0.004) and g_norank_Bacteroides ( P=0.004), respectively. Conclusion:The species and quantity of bacteria in the urine of patients with stent crusting are both significantly larger than those of patients without stent crusting. Bacteroides with larger-scale abundance in the urine of patients with stent crusting may promote the deposition of crystals on the stent wall through its structure, function and urease positive characteristics.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. According to the primary site of the tumor, the morbidity, etiology, molecular biological characteristics, clinical features, and gut microbiota of patients are different. This review focuses on the characteristics of colorectal cancer according to the tumor location and describes the newest discoveries in molecular biology, gut mi-crobiota, and imunotherapy. Different molecular biological characteristics lead to differences in clinical treatment response, leading to differences in clinical prognosis. Deep understanding of the characteristics of colorectal cancer according to tumor location provides further theoretical basis for improving clinical treatment.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and trends of glenoid fractures from 2003 through 2012 in the Third Affiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University.Methods The clinical data were collected of the patients with glenoid fracture who had been treated between January 2003 and December 2012 in our hospital.The patients' gender,age and fracture type of Ideberg classification were documented.The data from January 2003 to December 2007 were assigned into group A and those from January 2008 to December 2012 into group B.The 2 groups were compared to find out the general epidemiological characteristics and trends in the recent 10 years.Results A total of 225 patients with glenoid fracture were collected,including 176 males and 49 females.The total male/female ratio was 3.59∶ 1.The glenoid fractures predominated in an age range of 31 to 40 years (23.56％).According to Ideberg classification,there were 35 cases (15.56％) of type Ⅰ,58 ones (25.78％) of type Ⅱ,64 ones (28.44％) of type Ⅲ,21 ones (9.33％) of type Ⅳ,30 ones(13.33％) of type Ⅴ and 17 ones(7.56％) of type Ⅵ.The male/female ratio was 5.29∶1 in group A of 107 patients and 2.69∶1 in group B of 118 patients.The mean age of group A was 40.2 ± 16.0 years and that of group B 47.5 ± 14.8 years.The differences in male/female ratio,mean age and distribution of age were statistically significant between the 2 groups (P ＜ O.05).The fractures predominated in an age range of 31 to 40 years (28.97％) in group A and in the age group of 51 to 60 years (27.12％) in group B.The most frequent fracture type was type Ⅲ in both groups,accounting for 29.91％ and 27.12％ respectively.There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in distribution of Ideberg classification (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The peak age of glenoid fractures was from 31 to 40 years.There was an increasing trend in the mean age.There were more male patients than female ones.The high-frequency type was Ideberg type Ⅲ.

Objective To observe the changes of serum sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) level in asthmatic patients with different severity of bronchial asthma, and to explore the evaluation value of S1P on the severity of asthma.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted. Fifty-two patients with asthma admitted to Department of Respiratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from November 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups. In the same period, 25 healthy subjects were served as healthy control group. All the subjects got the peripheral venous blood collection in the morning fasting, the level of serum S1P was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) was counted, and the pulmonary function test was performed. The correlation among the parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted, and the value of serum S1P on evaluating the severity of asthma was analyzed.Results Fifty-two asthma patients were enrolled, including 17 patients of the mild, 19 of the moderate, and 16 of the severe. Compared with the healthy control group, serum S1P level and peripheral blood EOS in different degree asthma groups were significantly increased, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was decreased significantly; and with asthma exacerbations, serum S1P levels and peripheral blood EOS were gradually increased [mild, moderate and severe S1P (nmol/L) were 1537.0±120.3, 1980.7±149.5, 2202.2±117.2 (F= 274.624, P= 0.001); EOS (×109/L) were 0.13±0.06, 0.20±0.07, 0.37±0.14 , respectively (F= 44.093,P = 0.001)], and FEV1 was decreased gradually [mild, moderate and severe were 0.89±0.05, 0.63±0.06, 0.42±0.10, respectively (F= 159.756,P = 0.001)]. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between serum S1P level and peripheral blood EOS in patients with mild, moderate and severe asthma (r value was 0.696, 0.746,0.508, allP < 0.05), and negatively correlations with FEV1 were found (r value was -0.761, -0.655, -0.815, all P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between serum S1P level and EOS, FEV1 in healthy control group (r value was 0.324 and -0.048, bothP> 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum S1P for assessing mild, moderate and severe asthma was 0.948, 1.000, 1.000, respectively; when the cut-off of S1P was 1181.8, 1534.2, 1708.6 nmol/L, the sensitivity was 88.2%, 100%, 100%, and the specificity was 88.0%, 100% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions During asthma attack, the serum S1P level was gradually increased with the exacerbation of the disease. Serum S1P level has significant evaluative effect on the severity of asthma.