Objective:To explore and analyze the clinical features of patients with immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related hepatobiliary-pancreatic disease and the independent factors affecting the prognosis of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC).Methods:The clinical data of 179 adult cases diagnosed with IgG4-related hepato-pancreato-biliary disease in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: isolated IgG4-SC, IgG4-SC/type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis(type 1 AIP), and isolated AIP according to the clinical manifestations. Demographic characteristics, baseline biochemical immunological indexes, and imaging manifestations were analyzed. The treatment response rate and survival rate were compared. The COX proportional hazards model was used to analyze the independent factors related to prognosis.Results:The mean age of diagnosis of patients with IgG4-related hepatobiliary-pancreatic disease was 60.3±12.0 years. Males accounted for 74.9%, and the median follow-up time was 38 months. The 1-year clinical response rate of patients with isolated IgG4-SC was lower than that of IgG4-SC/AIP (67.9% vs. 91.7%, P=0.019), and the primary endpoint-free 5-year survival rate was significantly reduced (64.9% vs. 95.9%, P<0.001). COX regression analysis showed that having cirrhosis before treatment ( HR=6.708, P=0.004) and poor response after half a year of treatment ( HR=11.488, P=0.002) were independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in hepatobiliary diseases among patients with IgG4-SC. Conclusions:The clinical response rate and survival rate of patients with isolated IgG4-SC are lower than those of patients with IgG4-SC/AIP. Patients with IgG4-SC who do not respond well at six months of treatment and who have progressed to cirrhosis before treatment are at significantly increased risk of adverse events.

Chongqing Medical University and University of Dundee have explored the "4+ 1" integration training mode combining undergraduate and postgraduate for biomedical engineering major in 2018, including mode of education, curriculum linkage and credit recognition, contract signing and publicity, process assessment and management, and degree awarding. After repeated communication and argument, Chongqing Medical University and University of Dundee signed the contract of the "4+ 1" integration training mode in 2019. One junior student participated in the "Summer Camp of University of Dundee" in the same year, and one senior student participated in this integration training mode program in 2020. According to the feedback of the first batch of students, the "4+ 1" integration training mode can guide students from different angles, which is conducive to broadening students' international vision and injecting strong power into the cultivation of biomedical engineering talents.

Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in controlling the formation of melanin in melanosome, and plays a key role in the pigmentation of hair and skin. The abnormal expression or activation of tyrosinase is associated with several diseases such as albinism, vitiligo, melanoma and Parkinson disease. Excessive deposition of melanin could cause diseases such as freckles and brown spots in the human body, and it is also closely related to browning of fruits and vegetables and insect molting. Detecting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase is of extraordinary value in the progress of diagnosis and treatment of these dis-eases. Therefore, many selective optical detection probes and small molecular inhibitors have been developed, and have made significant contributions to the basic and clinical research on these diseases. In this paper, the detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application in whitening products are reviewed, with special emphasis on development of fluorescent probes and inhibitors. Hopefully, this review will help design more efficient and sensitive tyrosinase probes and inhibitors, as well as shed light on novel treatment of diseases such as melanoma.

Objective:To explore the incidence rates, clinical features, risk factors and its impacts on survival of central nervous system complications (CNSC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:From June 2011 to October 2018, 237 consecutive patients undergoing allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The incidence of CNSC was 10.5%(25/237) and the median time 82(-4 - 810) days post-transplantation. The most common instances of CNSC were drug-associated encephalopathy (n=6), CNS infection (n=5), unexplained convulsions (n=4), metabolic encephalopathy (n=3), immune-related encephalopathy (n=3), primary central relapse (n=3) and cerebrovasculopathy (n=1). The most common clinical symptom was epileptic seizure (n=11). CsA-related encephalopathy was manifested mainly as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome on brain MRI. Metabolic encephalopathy is mostly demyelination. Most hippocampal lesions were caused by immune-related encephalopathy or CNS infection. Analysis of risk factors indicated that umbilical cord blood transplantation, HLA incompatible transplantation and delayed platelet implantation were high risk factors for post-transplantation occurrence of CNSC. Survival analysis suggested that non-relapse mortality rate (42.9%, 9/21) in group with CNSC of malignant hemoblastosis was higher than that in group without CNSC (15.3%, 27/176) and inter-group difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.511, P=0.005). The 1/3-year OS rates in group with CNSC were lower than those in group without CNSC (56.6% vs 77.8%; 37.1% vs 65.7%). And the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.022). Conclusions:With a complex etiology, CNSC is one of serious complications after allo-HSCT and it significantly reduces the overall survival rate of patients. Umbilical cord blood transplantation, HLA incompatible transplantation and delayed platelet implantation are high-risk groups for CNSC.

Objective To investigate the association between bicuspid aortic valve ( BAV ) morphologic findings ( raphe vs nonraphe) ,the degree of valve dysfunction and prognosis . Methods Clinical and echocardiographic data in 317 BAV patients were analyzed retrospectively . According to the Sievers classification ,the morphologic BAV findings were categorized into no raphe ( type 0) ,one raphe ( type 1) and two raphes ( type 2 ) . T he patients with type 1 were further divided into three subtypes ,including R‐L subtype ( fusion of the left and right coronary cusps ) ,R‐N subtype ( fusion of the right and noncoronary cusps) and L‐N subtype ( fusion of the left and noncoronary cusps ) . Results Of the 317 patients ,there were 83 ( 26 .2% ) of type 0 ,232 ( 73 .2% ) of type 1 and 2 ( 0 .6% ) of type 2 .Among the 232 patients of type 1 ,there were 126 ( 54 .3% ) of R‐L subtype ,88 ( 37 .9% ) of R‐N subtype and 18 ( 7 .8% ) of L‐N subtype . BAV with raphe had a significantly higher prevalence of aortic valve calcification [ 120 ( 51 .3% ) vs 19 ( 22 .9% ) , P ＜ 0 .001 ] ,with significantly higher frequencies of aortic stenosis [ 164 ( 70 .1% ) vs 6 ( 7 .2% ) , P＜ 0 .001 ] ,aortic regurgitation [ 168 ( 71 .8% ) vs 40 ( 48 .2% ) , P ＝ 0 .001 ] ,increased left ventricular mass[ ( 253 .4 ± 113 .7) g vs ( 176 .4 ± 69 .3) g , P ＜0 .001] and left heart failure [ 34 ( 14 .5% ) vs 3 ( 3 .6% ) , P ＝0 .009] . Furthermore ,the dilation of aortic root and ascending aorta in BAV patients with raphe were significantly higher than those without raphe ( P ＜0 .01 ) ,however ,ascending aortic aneurysm rates were not significant between BAV with and without raphe[ 23( 9 .8% ) vs 4( 4 .8% ) , P ＝0 .251] . T he patients in R‐N subtype had a significantly higher proportion of aortic valve calcification than those in R‐L and L‐N subtype [ 55 ( 62 .5% ) vs 57 ( 45 .2% ) vs 6 ( 33 .3% ) , P ＝ 0 .01 ] ,with a significantly higher frequency of severe aortic stenosis [ 50 ( 56 .8% ) vs 21 ( 16 .7% ) vs 3 ( 16 .7% ) , P ＜0 .001 ] . However , there was no significant difference among different subtypes in other complications( P ＞0 .05).Conclusions T he presence of raphe is associated with a higher frequency of significant aortic valve calcification ,aortic valve dysfunction ,and increases left ventricular mass and left heart failure .T he R‐N type is also associated with aortic valve calcification and severe aortic stenosis .

Objective To analyze the effect of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) on high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),and to explore the influence of minimal residual disease (MRD) before transplant on the outcomes.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 high risk ALL patients receiving HID-HSCT in our hospital from Jan.2013 to Jan.2018.The clinical features,stem cell engraftment,complications,survival and recurrence were compared between patients with pretransplant MRD + and MRD-.Results All the 39 patients presented with successful engraftment.The overall survival (OS) was 54.67％;the disease free survival (DFS) was 40.96％;the incidence rate of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) was 53.8％,including 23.1％ Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD and 2.6％ Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD.There was no significant difference in stem cell engraftment,GVHD,cytomegalovirus infection and hemorrhagic cystitis between MRD + and MRD-patients.DFS and OS in MRD + patients were significantly lower than those in MRD-patients;the cumulative RR rate increased significantly,and there was no significant difference in cumulative TRM.Conclusion HID-HSCT was an effective method to treat high-risk ALL,but MRD + patients had high recurrence rate and poor prognosis.Strategy adjustment should be considered to reduce tumor residual and the transplantation strategy should be optimized for these kinds of high risk patients,so as to improve long-term outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and value of automatically assessing left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction ( MI) by myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE) based on neutrosophic similarity score( NSS) algorithm. Methods According to different infarction size (IS),SD rats were divided into large MI (MI-L,IS≥15% ) and small MI (MI-S,IS＜15% ) groups. MCE was performed before MI and at 7,28 days after MI. In vitro study:the automatic segmentation of the endocardial contour based on neutrosophic similarity score algorithm was compared with the manual segmentation boundary. In vivo study:the left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF) were calculated using the NSS system,biplane Simpson and PV-loop,respectively,and then NSS-LVEF,Simpson-LVEF and PV-LVEF were acquired,respectively. The IS was calculated by Masson and HE staining. The consistency between the two LVEFs was evaluated by Bland-Altman. The intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of MCE analysis system. Results ① The endocardial contour obtained by automatic segmentation had good agreement with the boundary of artificial tracing. ② There was no significant difference among the three LVEFs in same group ( F ＝0.028, P ＝ 0.973),but there was significant difference in different group ( F ＝78.61, P ＜0.01). NSS-LVEF was well consistent with both Simpson-LVEF and PV-LVEF. ③ The ICC of NSS algorithm for inter-observer and intra-observer were 0.96 and 0.98,respectively. ④Compared with before MI and at 7 days after MI,the LVEF in MI-L and MI-S groups at 28 days after MI decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05),especially in MI-L group ( P ＜0.01). There was significantly negative correlation between LVEF and IS ( r ＝ －0.917, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Left ventricular endocardium can be identificated automatically and LVEF can be calculated rapidly and accurately by MCE based on neutrosophic similarity score algorithm in rats with myocardial infarction.

of NB4 cells at S phase was lower than those in control group (P <0.05),and the number of NB4 cells at G1 phase was increased (P <0.05).The expression levels of Bcl-2 in ICA groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05 ), while the expression levels of Bax were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion ICA can induce the apoptosis of NB4 cells via inhibiting the expression level of Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression level of Bax.