Objective: To analyze the results of national external quality assessment (EQA) for transfusion compatibility test from 2018 to 2023, with the aim of providing references for improving laboratory testing quality and ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods: Three EQA programs were conducted annually, each distributing 22 quality assessment samples. Participating transfusion laboratories were required to complete testing within specified deadlines and to submit results along with documentation of testing methodologies, reagents, and equipment used. National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) conducted statistical analysis of laboratory results, evaluated testing outcomes and related circumstances, and provided feedback to participating laboratories. EQA data from transfusion laboratories across China from 2018 to 2023 were collected and systematically analyzed. Results: From 2018 to 2023, the qualification rates for all five items (ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, Rh blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching) were 67.59%, 77.11%, 77.38%, 72.78%, 79.96%, and 85.16%, respectively. The mean qualification rates for ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, RhD blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching over the past six years were 96.25%±0.59%, 90.45%±4.52%, 96.05%±0.71%, 90.88%±2.86%, and 88.34%±3.48%, respectively. The qualification rates in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023 all showed a stable trend of "blood stations>tertiary hospitals>secondary hospitals". The mean qualification rate of laboratories in secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 was significantly lower than those of laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P>0.05). The micro column agglutination method was the most widely used in all five tests. In the four test items, namely ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching, there was a statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of micro column agglutination method compared to other methods (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference in the qualification rate between manual and automated detection using micro column agglutination method in the cross-matching tests (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the other test items (P>0.05). Conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the number of laboratories participating in EQA activities has been increasing year by year, and the qualification rate has shown an overall upward trend. The type of laboratory is a key factor affecting the qualification rate, and the testing capabilities of some laboratories still need to be improved. The micro column agglutination method is widely used in transfusion compatibility tests. The established EQA program effectively monitors quality issues in laboratories, drives continuous improvement, and ensures sustained enhancement of testing standards to safeguard clinical blood safety.

Objective: To investigate the sexual function, urinary function and quality of life in patients of ulcerative colitis(UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). Methods: The clinical data of patients with UC and FAP undergoing IPAA at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 2006 to Sep 2018 were reviewed , postoperative sexual function, urinary function, and long-term quality of life were assessed. Results: There were 45 patients with median age of 35 years , median follow-up time of 31 months. 18 were UC, 27 were FAP, 5 did 1-stage surgery, 37 did 2-stage surgery, 3 for 3-stage surgery, 13 underwent open surgery, and 32 underwent laparoscopic surgery. 7 patients suffered sexual dysfunction after IPAA, and there was no statistical difference between male and female (P=0.992), UC and FAP (P=0.153), 1-stage , 2-stage , and 3-stage surgery (P=0.363) , with statistically significant difference between the open group and the laparoscopic group (P=0.025). 6 patients complicated with urinary dysfunction after IPAA , and there was no statistical difference between male and female (P=0.562), UC and FAP (P=0.325), 1-stage, 2-stage, and 3-stage surgery (P=0.286) , with statistically significant difference between the open group and the laparoscopic group (P=0.007). The Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score after IPAA was 0.696±0.085. There were no statistical difference on CGQL scores in males and females (P=0.635), UC and FAP (P=0.664), 1-stage, 2-stage, and 3-stage (P>0.05), open group and laparoscopic group (P=0.205), postoperative long-term QOL was significantly associated only with age at the time of surgery (P=0.001). Conclusions Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic TPC-IPAA patients had better postoperative sexual function and urination function.

Objective To improve the understanding of blastic plasmacytoid dendric cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Methods The clinicopathological features of 2 cases with BPDCN diagnosed in the Department of Pathology in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. The relevant literatures were reviewed as well. Results The two BPDCN patients were both elderly men with skin nodules. The tumor cells infiltrated diffusely into the whole dermis with sparing the epidermis. BPDCN cells were small to medium size with round or oval irregular nuclei and small nucleoli. Numerous mitoses figures were seen. Immunohistochemistry stain showed that CD4 and CD56 were positive and CD20 and CD3 were negative in the 2 BPDCN cases. Only 1 case was positive for CD123. Conclusions BPDCN is a rare malignant hematopoietic tumor, which is likely to involve skin. The features of morphology and immunophenotype are crucial to make correct diagnosis.

Objective To describe the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in goat and the intensity and tem?poral distribution of eggs excreted by goat feces,so as to provide baseline data for the control and elimination of the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Methods The goat animal models of schistosomiasis were established,and stool sam?ples were collected for parasitological examinations. The number of adult worms recovered,variation of schistosomes in goat at different time points post?infection,number of eggs in schistosomes,variation in number and temporal profiles of eggs excreted from goat feces were observed. Results Of the 6 schistosome?infected goat,415 adult worms were recovered,with a mean adult worm recovery of 34.58%(range,23.00%to 45.50%). Among the 5 goat infected with 200 cercariae each,47,93,77, 74 and 73 adult worms were recovered 2,5,8,11 and 14 months post?infection,respectively. There were(200.00 ± 42.33), (226.20±45.88),(168.20±25.85),(183.80±55.13)and(190.80±53.53)eggs detected in female schistosomes. The mean pre?patent period of eggs excreted by 10 infected goat was(37.7±3.02)d. From 2 to 14 months post?infection,7 batches of goat fe?ces were hatched,and there were 30,23,14,1 and 2 times for miracidium intensity of“++++”,“+++”,“++”,“+”and“-”, respectively,with 42.86%,32.86%,20.00%,1.43%and 2.86%constituent ratios of miracidium intensity. Conclusions Ap?proximately 1/3 S. japonicum cercariae may develop to adults in goats post?infection,and the prepatent period of eggs is(37.7± 3.02)d. There is no remarkable decrease seen in the number of adult worms,eggs in female schistosomes and eggs in goat feces within 14 months post?infection. Our findings suggest a long duration for infected goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ,and there is no evidence to prove the“self?cure”phenomenon in goat,indicating that goat is an important source of infection for schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To study the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistric features of different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas.Methods 17 cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas were ret-rospectively reviewed.All cases were classified according to the WHO-EORTC(World Health Organization-Eu-ropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification system combined with morphology and immunobistochemistry.The clinicopathological features of each type were observed and summarized.Results Among the 17 cases, male were 10, female were 7.The average age was 51 years old (from 16 to 78).All pa-tients visited the doctor for skin diseases 14 cases were T-cell lymphoma including 5 cases of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphuma, 2 cases of mycosis fungoides, 4 cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, and 3 cases of primary cutaneous peripheral T- cell lymphomas (including 1 primary cutaneous ag-gressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma).3 cases were B-cell lymphoma including 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type and 1 primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.Conclusion The clinical behaviors and pathological characteristics of primary cutaneous lymphomas were complicated and variant.Nei-ther of them could be neglected in the diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and micro-vascular density (MVD),and their clinicopathological significance in clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC).Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to examine the expression of VEGF.CD34 staining endo-thelial cells were applied to measure the MVD.Results Sixty-six cases of CCRCC were collected.VEGF ex-pressions in 36(54.5%) cases were positive.No significant relationship was detected between VEGF expres-sion and clinicopathological parameters.The MVD value was 12-96.3.The levels of MVD were significantly lower in advanced TNM staging (P=0.000),high grading (P=0.005) and metastasized tumors (P=0.011).In larger tumors,the cases of MVD 50(26.7%) were much less than those of MVD <50 (73.3%).There was no significant relationship between the expression of VEGF and MVD,and neither of them was correlated with the renal capsule infiltration.Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF in CCRCC shows that it may be the target molecule for treatment.The value of MVD is inversely correlated with the grad-ing and staging of CCRCC,indicating its significance in the prognosis assessment of CCRCC.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the primary breast lymphoma (PBL).

METHODSAnalyses of clinical history, preoperative findings, histological and immunohistochemical features of eight patients with PBL were performed.

RESULTSMalignant lymphoma was difficult to diagnose preoperatively. All patients were women. The age range was from 34 approximately 65 years (mean 46.4 years). The right breast was involved initially in three patients, the left in four. One patient presented bilateral involvement. Seven patients were assessed at stage IE, one with ipsolateral axillary lymph nodes involvement at stage IIE. According to the WHO classification, five patients were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (4/5 centroblast, 1/5 immunoblast); the other three patients as MALT lymphoma, all with lymphoepithelial lesions. The paraffin-embedded tissues of all cases showed immunoreactivity for B-cell markers CD20, CD45RA. CD5 and CD10 were negative in all cases. Follow-up data were obtained in six patients, none recurred or died within 8 to 108 months after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that most PBL are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and MALT lymphoma and have a better prognosis after comprehensive therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVESTo determine the clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection by lympho- scintigraphy and gamma ray detecting probe (GDP) and to assess the value of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) analys is for detecting micrometastasis in lymph nodes (LNs).

METHODSForty-two patients with breast cancer were included in this study. (99)Tc(m)-dextran was injected peritumourally. Lymphoscintigraphy images were obtained in anterior and lateral views. SLNs were removed with the aid of GDP during surgery. A standard axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) dissection was performed. All lymph nodes were first analyzed by HE staining. When all of the SLNs in a patient were negative, the ALNs were subjected to additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis.

RESULTSSLNs were successfully detected and removed in 39 (92.9%) of the 42 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SLN biopsy were 92.9% (13 in 14), 100% (25 in 25) and 97.4% (38 in 39) respectively. Additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis of the ALNs detected micrometastasis in 3 SLNs (2 cases), but there were no positives in the non-sentinal lymph nodes (NSLNs).

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that lymphoscintigraphy and GDP may be used to detect SLN. Additional HE staining combined with IHC analysis of the ALNs may help predict micrometastasis. Biopsy of SLN may be an accurate method for staging breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Dextrans ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy