ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

OBJECTIVE To explore the practicality of the pharmaceutical pathway for prophylactic use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions. METHODS The previously established pharmaceutical pathway for the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the perioperative period of class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions was used to retrospectively evaluate the prophylactic use of antibiotics in 127 cases. The “antibiotics prophylactic use scoring system” in the pharmaceutical pathway was used to conduct preoperative scoring， and the patient’s actual antibiotics use was compared and analyzed in combination with existing Guiding Principles for Clinical Application of Antibiotics （2015 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Principles）. The pharmaceutical pathway also innovatively proposes key points for improvement in terms of the frequency of adding antibiotics during surgery and the duration of prophylactic use of antibiotics after surgery. By comparing with the actual medication situation of patients， the direction for updating the Guiding Principles was explored. RESULTS According to the retrospective analysis results， for neurosurgery class Ⅰ incision surgery， in addition to the preoperative prophylactic use of antibacterial drugs for skull mass resection and carotid endarterectomy recommended in the guidelines， endoscopic trigeminal microvascular decompression， arthroscopy and other specific joint examinations， spinal nerve Radical decompression， endoscopic lumbar nucleectomy， dural repair， and spinal canal decompression can also be further explored about the situation of not using antibacterial prophylaxis before surgery； at the same time， for the patients undergoing class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions， the use of antibiotics during and after surgery may be considered for a second addition of antibiotics， taking into account the surgical time. If cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred after surgery， it is recommended to extend the duration of prophylactic use of antibiotics appropriately. CONCLUSIONS The application of pharmaceutical pathways can provide more targeted analysis of key points in the prevention of antibiotic use， which promotes the transformation of perioperative antibiotics management for class Ⅰ incisions from “qualitative， empirical” management to “quantitative， scientific” management.