Objective To investigate the number and categories of cognitive subtypes in individuals with First-Episode Schizophrenia(FES)and to explore the potential neurobiological sleep characteristics associated with these distinct cognitive subtypes.Methods The cognitive functions of 45 patients withFES and 40 healthy controls(HCs)were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB).Latent profile analysis was employed to identify and classify the cognitive subtypes of FES patients.Furthermore,a full-night polysom-nographic recording was conducted to quantify the characteristics of sleep spindle waves.Subsequently,differ-ences in sleep spindle wave features among the identified cognitive subtypes of FES were analyzed and compared.Results Latent Profile Analysis identified two cognitive subtypes among FES patients:a subtype characterized by severe cognitive impairment(SIS,n=32)and another with relatively preserved cognitive function(CRP,n=13).Compared to healthy controls(HCs,n=40),FES patients exhibited increased spindle wave amplitude dur-ing both N2 and N3 sleep stages.Further analysis revealed that the spindle wave duration during the N2 stage was significantly longer in the SIS subtype compared to both CRP and HCs.Similarly,in the N3 stage,the spindle wave duration was longer in SIS than in CRP.Additionally,spindle wave frequency during the N3 stage was higher in both SIS and HCs compared to CRP.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that variations in the fre-quency and duration of spindle waves among different cognitive subtypes may serve as potential neurobiological markers for distinguishing FES cognitive subtypes.

Objective To investigate the number and categories of cognitive subtypes in individuals with First-Episode Schizophrenia(FES)and to explore the potential neurobiological sleep characteristics associated with these distinct cognitive subtypes.Methods The cognitive functions of 45 patients withFES and 40 healthy controls(HCs)were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB).Latent profile analysis was employed to identify and classify the cognitive subtypes of FES patients.Furthermore,a full-night polysom-nographic recording was conducted to quantify the characteristics of sleep spindle waves.Subsequently,differ-ences in sleep spindle wave features among the identified cognitive subtypes of FES were analyzed and compared.Results Latent Profile Analysis identified two cognitive subtypes among FES patients:a subtype characterized by severe cognitive impairment(SIS,n=32)and another with relatively preserved cognitive function(CRP,n=13).Compared to healthy controls(HCs,n=40),FES patients exhibited increased spindle wave amplitude dur-ing both N2 and N3 sleep stages.Further analysis revealed that the spindle wave duration during the N2 stage was significantly longer in the SIS subtype compared to both CRP and HCs.Similarly,in the N3 stage,the spindle wave duration was longer in SIS than in CRP.Additionally,spindle wave frequency during the N3 stage was higher in both SIS and HCs compared to CRP.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that variations in the fre-quency and duration of spindle waves among different cognitive subtypes may serve as potential neurobiological markers for distinguishing FES cognitive subtypes.

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of substance-induced psychotic disorders in residents over 18 years old in Hebei Province, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of substance-induced psychotic disorders. Methods: Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, the permanent residents aged 18 years and over were selected from urban and rural areas in Hebei Province. The demographic data was collected, the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ-12 ) and eight risk factors about mental disorder questionnaire were used to find out mental disorders. The multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the influencing factor for substance-induced psychotic disorders. Results: A total of 23 675 questionnaires were sent out, 20 884 were valid ( 88.20% ).The weighted lifetime prevalence rates of substance-induced psychotic disorders, alcohol-related disorders, sedatives/hypnotics/anti-anxiety disorders and other substance-induced psychotic disorders were 6.20%, 5.93%, 0.24% and 0.04%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ( 35-<45, OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.091-2.292; 45-<60, OR=2.185, 95%CI: 1.524-3.132; ≥60, OR=2.061, 95%CI: 1.422-2.986 ), males ( OR=10.832, 95%CI: 8.265-14.196 ), urban area (OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.202-1.703 ), non-poor family ( OR=2.291, 95%CI: 1.652-3.177 ), physical diseases ( OR=2.028, 95%CI: 1.678-2.452 ) and genetic history ( OR=1.574, 95%CI:1.181-2.098 ) were the influencing factors for substance-induced psychotic disorders. Conclusion The lifetime prevalence of substance-induced psychotic disorders among residents aged 18 years and over in Hebei Province is 6.20%, which is mainly related to age, gender, region, family economic situation, physical disease history and genetic history.

Objective To determine the fetal facial angles at 11 －38 weeks of gestation by three‐dimensional ultrasound ( 3DUS) and analyze the correlation between facial angles and gestational age( GA ) . Methods From 2013 April to 2014 February ,439 singleton fetuses ranged 11－38 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study . T he details of mid‐sagittal plane of facial profile was confirmed with 3DUS . Four facial angels were measured in this plane ,including frontomaxillary facial angle ( FM F ) ,frontonasal angle ( FNA ) ,mandibulomaxillary facial angle( M M F) and maxilla‐nasion‐mandible angle( M NM ) . T he intra‐and interobserver reliability were calculated in first 30 cases ,intra‐class correlation coefficient( ICC) greater than 0 .75 indicated good reliability . Pearson′s correlation coefficient ( r ) ,curve estimation and polynomial regression models were used to evaluate the correlation of the fetal facial angles with GA . Results ICC of the same observer were 0 .968 ,0 .962 ,0 .974 and 0 .988 ,respectively . ICC of different observer were 0 .948 , 0 .905 ,0 .874 and 0 .889 ,respectively . T he fetal facial angles of FM F ,FNA ,M M F and M NM showed correlations with GA ( r ＝ －0 .369 ,0 .447 ,－0 .470 ,0 .386 ; all P ＝0 .000) . Using GA as the independent variable and the facial angles as the dependent variables , the best fit regressing equation was cubic polynomial :FM F＝135 .300－6 .473×GA+0 .235×GA2 －0 .003×GA3 ( R2 ＝0 .240 , P ＝0 .000 ) ;FNA＝58 .920+7 .452×GA －0 .274×GA2 －0 .003×GA3 ( R2 ＝0 .297 , P ＝0 .000 ) ;M M F＝132 .329 －5 .337× GA+0 .191× GA2 －0 .002× GA3 ( R2 ＝ 0 .304 , P ＝ 0 .000) ;M NM ＝ －24 .592+ 4 .653× GA －0 .173× GA2 + 0 .002 × GA3 ( R2 ＝ 0 .413 , P ＝ 0 .000 ) . Conclusions The development of fetal facial angles are related to GA . T he growing patterns of fetal facial angles fit with a cubic polynomial function .

Objective: To explore the value of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosis of congenital dacryocystocele. Methods: The ultrasonographic features of 16 fetuses with congenital dacryocystocele were retrospectively reviewed and the outcome of pregnancy were followed up. Results: The median gestational week detected with prenatal ultrasound was 30.29 weeks, the mean diameter was (8.96±1.96)mm. Congenital dacryocystoceles were unilateral in 12 fetuses and bilateral in 4 fetuses, 10 were female and 6 were male. The typical ultrasonic feature was anechoic cystic mass with clear boundary in relation to the medial and inferior aspects of the fetal orbit. The dacryocystocele resolved spontaneously prenatally in 5 fetuses, resolved spontaneously after delivery in 10 fetuses. One fetus died in caesarean section due to complete placenta previa. Conclusions Congenital dacryocystitis has its characteristic ultrasonographic features, and most cases can disappear naturally in prenatal or early newborns.

Objective To evaluate the fetal profile (FP) line with two-dimensional and three dimensional ultrasound, to explore the changes of fetal facial profile with gestational age,and to analyze the manifestation of FP line for abnormal chromosomal fetuses. Methods FP line, which was defined as the line that passes through the anterior border of mandible and the nasion, was test on the facial mid-sagittal plane. Firstly, from April 2013 to January 2014, FP line was analyzed in 439 normal fetuses of Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 11-38 weeks of gestation. According to the relationship between FP line and fetal frontal bone,it was divided into three types: the FP line passed anteriorly, across or posteriorly to the frontal bone, respectively. When the FP line passed posteriorly to the frontal bone, the distance (F distance) between the FP line with the frontal bone was measured. Secondly, 26 pathological fetuses (21 trisomy 21 fetuses with 13-33 weeks' gestation and 5 trisomy 18 fetuses with 21-31 weeks' gestation) were analyzed respectively. Results No cases with a FP line passed anteriorly to the frontal bone were found in all of normal fetuses. Most commonly seen was that FP line passed across to the frontal bone (92.26%). The FP line passed posteriorly to the frontal bone in up to 7.74%, and the mean F distance was 0.24 cm (range, 0.10-0.51 cm). In 21 fetuses of trisomy 21, 14 cases showed the FP line passed across to frontal bone, and 4 cases showed the FP line passed posteriorly frontal bone with the F distance from 0.23 cm to 0.55 cm. Three cases with sloping forehead with FP line passed anteriroly to frontal bone. As to 5 cases of trisomy 18, 2 cases showed FP line passed across to frontal bone, and 3 cases with micrognathia had FP line passed anteriroly to frontal bone. Conclusions No cases with a FP line passed anteriorly to the frontal bone were found in normal fetuses. The FP line, as a reference line for forehead and mandible abnormality, may be a useful tool to detect second trimester profile abnormalities such as sloping forehead and retrognathia.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in elderly patients with depression. METHODS:A total of 96 elderly outpatients and inpatients with depression were selected from 39 mental health institutions of Hebei province during Jul. 2nd to 9th,2012. The drug use were surveyed by using self-made questionnaires on the basis of prescriptions/medical orders. The results of investigation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:In this study,96 questionnaires were distributed and all were collect-ed with effective recovery rate of 100%. Among 96 respondents,95 elderly patients used a new type of antidepressants,mainly by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs),accounting for 75.0% of the total. The top 5 drugs in the list of use frequency were sertraline(23 cases,24.0%,daily dose:25-200 mg),paroxetine(22 cases,22.9%,daily dose:20-60 mg),escitalopram(20 cas-es,20.8%,daily dose:5-40 mg),venlafaxine (13 cases,13.5%,daily dose:75-300 mg),mirtazapine (12 cases,12.5%,daily dose:8-30 mg). Among all respondents,22 patients (22.9%) were treated with mono-antidepressant and the other 74 patients (77.1%) were treated with drug combination therapy among which 47 cases were treated with two antidepressant drugs,22 were treated with three drugs,4 were treated with four drugs and 1 was treated with five drugs. 6 cases combined with mood stabilizers, 21 cases with antipsychotic,50 cases with benzodiazepine(6 of them combined with two benzodiazepine),2 cases with other hyp-notic drugs,14 cases with anxiolytic drugs and 2 cases with anticholinergic drugs. CONCLUSIONS:The drug use of elderly pa-tients with depression in mental health institutions of Hebei province basically in line with current trends. However,there are still the phenomenon of irrational drug use as drug dose meets or exceeds the prescribed maximum dose;many varieties are used in combination therapy;route of administration is improper.

Objective To observe anomalous genotypes of 4 multi-copy RM Y-STRs in Han population in Hubei province. Methods 252 unrelated male samples were ampliifed using reported and newly designed primers, then detected and analyzed by AB 3130 genetic analyzer. Results A total of 25 anomalous multi-band patterns were observed in 20 samples corresponding to an incident rate of 7.94%. 5 anomalous genotypes were observed in DYF387S1 locus, 15 in DYF399S1, 1 in DYF403S1 and 4 in DYF404S1. Four samples showed extra alleles in more than one locus. Conclusion Anomalous genotype has high incident rates in RM Y-STR markers and requires extensive attention in forensic practice.

Identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids in forensic science is important for criminal cases investigation such as crime scene reconstruction, conclude the character of crime. Recently, many researches of Epigenetic shows that tissue speciifc differentially methylated regions(tDMRs) have the ability to as a biomarker for identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids. In this paper, we reviewed the study progress and summarized the probability, advantage and disadvantage as well as application value and the development direction of the application of DNA methylation in the aspect of identifying the tissues/ body lfuids source, aiming at providing a reference for the related research and application.

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the placenta volume (PV) at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation by three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in combination with birth weight, placenta weight, placenta volume at birth and maternal age, body mass index (BMI) additionally. Methods From June 2011 to July 2012, placental volumes were prospectively measured by VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis) method in 129 normal pregnancies of Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 11-13+6 weeks of Gestation, multiples of the median was calculated (MOM) after logarithmic10 transformation referring to different crown-rump length (CRL) groups. The normal pregnancies were selected without any combinations or fetal abnormalities, then recorded the birth weights, placenta diameters and thicknesses and placenta weight at delivery. The maternal basic status was also concluded in the study. Results Correlation analysis results: (1) The transformed placenta volume MOM showed a significant correlation (Spearman rho=0.200, P<0.05) with birthweight but not with placenta weight or placenta volume calculated as ellipsoid (Spearman rho=0.164, 0.112 respectively, P>0.05). (2) The birthweight showed significant correlations with placenta weight, placecnta volume and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.478, 0.361, 0.259 respectively, P<0.01). (3) The placenta weight at birth showed a significant correlation with placenta volume at birth (Spearman rho=0.467, P<0.01) and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.198, P<0.05). Regression analysis results: (1) Birth weight (g)=1136.9+1530.9×MOM+45.3×BMI-15.0×maternal age (r=0.29, P=0.01<0.05). (2) Placenta weight (g)=88.1+315.3×MOM+10.0×BMI+0.1×maternal age (r=0.27, P=0.02 <0.05). Conclusions The placental volume at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation has significant correlation with birthweight. This might assist in the identification of the high risk pregnancies caring large or low for gestational age fetuses.