The aim of this study is to identify the linear Fc-binding epitope for IgG1 on bovine IgG Fc receptor Ⅱ(boFcγRⅡ)to understand the molecular basis of IgG-Fcγ interaction.The boFcγRⅡ molecules were expressed on cell surface of the boFcγR Ⅱ-transfected COS-7 cells.The extracel-lular domain of boFcγRⅡ was expressed in NS0 cells,and the boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein was purified from ascites by Ni-chelation chromatography.Peptides derived from the membrane-distal extracellular domain(EC2)of boFcγR Ⅱ were synthesized and conjugated to a carrier protein of IgG-free bovine serum albumin(BSA).Binding of bovine IgG1 to the different peptides was tested by dot-blot assay,and the IgG-binding peptide was further modified by truncation and mutation to identify the Fc-binding epitope as well as its key amino acids for Fc-binding.The inhibition effect of the Fc-binding peptide was determined by competitive ELISA and Fc-rosetting inhibition assay,re-spectively.The results showed that boFcγR Ⅱ molecules were stably expressed on surface of the transfected COS-7 cells,which showed about 90％rosetting with IgG1-RBCs.The soluble boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein specifically bound to bovine IgG1.The minimal effective peptide of 122FYQDRKSKIF131 of boFcγRⅡ was able to bind bovine IgG1 specifically,suggesting it repre-sents a linear Fc-binding epitope located in the putative C-C'loop of the EC2 domain on the recep-tor.The Ala-substitution of Phe122,Tyr123,Arg126,Lys127,Ser128,Lys129 or Phe131 within the linear epitope led to a complete loss of its IgG1-binding capability,indicating those residues are critical for IgG1-binding on boFcγRⅡ.The Fc-binding peptide inhibited bovine IgG1 binding to the soluble recombinant protein of boFcγRⅡ with IC50 of 20.05 μmol/L,and inhibited the rosette formation of bovine IgG1-sensitized RBCs on the boFcγRⅡ transfected cells with IC50 of 80.15 μmol/L.The re-sults indicate that boFcγRⅡ possesses the linear epitope for Fc-binding,and the Fc-binding pep-tide showed well capability of regulating boFcγR Ⅱ-IgG1 interaction on cell surface,thereby provi-ding a research foundation for understanding the IgG-Fcγ interaction.

Objective:To establish a highly sensitive indirect competitive ELISA(icELISA)method for detecting ribavirin in chicken.Methods:Based on the obtained monoclonal antibodies against ribavirin,a chessboard test was employed to determine the optimal working concentration of artificial antigen and antibody,and then established an icELISA method.Furthermore,performance of the detection method was evaluated.Results:The established icELISA method has a linear range of 0.44～32.71 ng/ml,IC50 of which was 3.78 ng/ml,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 0.20 ng/ml.Except for specific reaction with ribavirin,there were no cross reactions with other antiviral drugs.Recovery rate of sample spiking was between 91.60%and 100.76%,and coefficient of variation was between 7.29%and 10.63%.Conclusion:A highly sensitive and specific icELISA method for detection of ribavirin has been estab-lished,which can be used to determine the residue of ribavirin in chicken.

Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training combined with cognitive behavioral therapy on blood pressure, exercise tolerance, and sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders complicated by high-normal blood pressure.Methods:A total of 60 individuals with sleep disorders complicated by high-normal blood pressure, who underwent community health screening and received treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital) from February 2022 to February 2024, were prospectively included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table: a cognitive therapy group and a combined intervention group, with 30 patients in each group. The cognitive therapy group received cognitive behavioral therapy, while the combined intervention group received both aerobic exercise training and cognitive behavioral therapy. Changes in blood pressure, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure, exercise tolerance, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the overall effective rate of treatment for sleep disorders was evaluated for both groups.Results:Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure between cognitive therapy and combined intervention groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure was (121.63 ± 3.47) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) for the cognitive therapy group and (114.56 ± 3.07) mmHg for the combined intervention group. The 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure was (81.03 ± 2.78) mmHg for the cognitive therapy group and (77.59 ± 2.09) mmHg for the combined intervention group. Both the 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in each group significantly decreased when compared with the values recorded before intervention ( t = 10.54, 17.52, 5.52, 10.68, all P < 0.05). After intervention, both the 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in the cognitive therapy group ( t = 8.36, 5.41, both P < 0.001). Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure between the two groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure was 40.00% (12/30) in the cognitive therapy group and 66.67% (20/30) in the combined group. Both groups showed a significant increase in the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure compared with pre-intervention values ( χ2 = 4.02, 11.38, both P < 0.05). After intervention, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure in the combined intervention group was significantly higher than that in the cognitive therapy group ( χ2 = 4.28, P < 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in exercise tolerance between the two groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the combined intervention group showed significant increases in anaerobic threshold [(1 475.25 ± 415.65) mL/min] and oxygen pulse [(14.78 ± 2.86) mL/beat] compared with pre-intervention values ( t = 3.58, 7.49, both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO 2@VCP) at the ventilatory compensation point compared with pre-intervention levels ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the anaerobic threshold and oxygen pulse in the combined intervention group were significantly higher than those in the cognitive therapy group [(1 137.41 ± 349.86) mL/min, (9.94 ± 2.05) mL/beat] ( t = -3.40, -7.53, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in exercise tolerance in the cognitive therapy group between pre- and post-intervention ( P > 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in PSQI score between cognitive therapy and combined intervention groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, score for sleep quality [(1.65 ± 0.26) points , (1.24 ± 0.23) points], sleep onset time [(1.51 ± 0.19) points, (1.33 ± 0.18) points], sleep time [(1.47 ± 0.23) points, (1.31 ± 0.20) points], sleep efficiency [(1.31 ± 0.20) points, (1.05 ± 0.19) points], sleep disturbance [(0.93 ± 0.15) points, (0.77 ± 0.20) points], hypnotic medication use [(0.96 ± 0.22) points, (0.67 ± 0.17) points], and daytime function [(1.19 ± 0.25) points, (1.02 ± 0.22) points] decreased in both groups compared with pre-intervention scores ( t = 8.21, 15.58, 9.86, 14.76, 10.02, 15.36, 8.78, 17.59, 7.84, 12.36, 5.74, 11.98, 12.03, 17.14, all P < 0.05). After intervention, PSQI score in the combined intervention group was significantly lower than that in the cognitive therapy group ( t = 6.46, 3.76, 2.87, 5.16, 3.50, 5.71, 2.79, all P < 0.05). The total effective rate for treating sleep disorders in the combined intervention group was 86.67% (26/30), which was significantly higher than that in the cognitive therapy group [63.33% (19/30), χ2 = 4.35, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Aerobic exercise training combined with cognitive behavioral therapy can improve exercise tolerance, reduce blood pressure, and enhance sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders and high-normal blood pressure.

Objective:To establish a highly sensitive indirect competitive ELISA(icELISA)method for detecting ribavirin in chicken.Methods:Based on the obtained monoclonal antibodies against ribavirin,a chessboard test was employed to determine the optimal working concentration of artificial antigen and antibody,and then established an icELISA method.Furthermore,performance of the detection method was evaluated.Results:The established icELISA method has a linear range of 0.44～32.71 ng/ml,IC50 of which was 3.78 ng/ml,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 0.20 ng/ml.Except for specific reaction with ribavirin,there were no cross reactions with other antiviral drugs.Recovery rate of sample spiking was between 91.60%and 100.76%,and coefficient of variation was between 7.29%and 10.63%.Conclusion:A highly sensitive and specific icELISA method for detection of ribavirin has been estab-lished,which can be used to determine the residue of ribavirin in chicken.

The aim of this study is to identify the linear Fc-binding epitope for IgG1 on bovine IgG Fc receptor Ⅱ(boFcγRⅡ)to understand the molecular basis of IgG-Fcγ interaction.The boFcγRⅡ molecules were expressed on cell surface of the boFcγR Ⅱ-transfected COS-7 cells.The extracel-lular domain of boFcγRⅡ was expressed in NS0 cells,and the boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein was purified from ascites by Ni-chelation chromatography.Peptides derived from the membrane-distal extracellular domain(EC2)of boFcγR Ⅱ were synthesized and conjugated to a carrier protein of IgG-free bovine serum albumin(BSA).Binding of bovine IgG1 to the different peptides was tested by dot-blot assay,and the IgG-binding peptide was further modified by truncation and mutation to identify the Fc-binding epitope as well as its key amino acids for Fc-binding.The inhibition effect of the Fc-binding peptide was determined by competitive ELISA and Fc-rosetting inhibition assay,re-spectively.The results showed that boFcγR Ⅱ molecules were stably expressed on surface of the transfected COS-7 cells,which showed about 90％rosetting with IgG1-RBCs.The soluble boFcγRⅡ recombinant protein specifically bound to bovine IgG1.The minimal effective peptide of 122FYQDRKSKIF131 of boFcγRⅡ was able to bind bovine IgG1 specifically,suggesting it repre-sents a linear Fc-binding epitope located in the putative C-C'loop of the EC2 domain on the recep-tor.The Ala-substitution of Phe122,Tyr123,Arg126,Lys127,Ser128,Lys129 or Phe131 within the linear epitope led to a complete loss of its IgG1-binding capability,indicating those residues are critical for IgG1-binding on boFcγRⅡ.The Fc-binding peptide inhibited bovine IgG1 binding to the soluble recombinant protein of boFcγRⅡ with IC50 of 20.05 μmol/L,and inhibited the rosette formation of bovine IgG1-sensitized RBCs on the boFcγRⅡ transfected cells with IC50 of 80.15 μmol/L.The re-sults indicate that boFcγRⅡ possesses the linear epitope for Fc-binding,and the Fc-binding pep-tide showed well capability of regulating boFcγR Ⅱ-IgG1 interaction on cell surface,thereby provi-ding a research foundation for understanding the IgG-Fcγ interaction.

Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training combined with cognitive behavioral therapy on blood pressure, exercise tolerance, and sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders complicated by high-normal blood pressure.Methods:A total of 60 individuals with sleep disorders complicated by high-normal blood pressure, who underwent community health screening and received treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital) from February 2022 to February 2024, were prospectively included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table: a cognitive therapy group and a combined intervention group, with 30 patients in each group. The cognitive therapy group received cognitive behavioral therapy, while the combined intervention group received both aerobic exercise training and cognitive behavioral therapy. Changes in blood pressure, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure, exercise tolerance, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the overall effective rate of treatment for sleep disorders was evaluated for both groups.Results:Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure between cognitive therapy and combined intervention groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure was (121.63 ± 3.47) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) for the cognitive therapy group and (114.56 ± 3.07) mmHg for the combined intervention group. The 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure was (81.03 ± 2.78) mmHg for the cognitive therapy group and (77.59 ± 2.09) mmHg for the combined intervention group. Both the 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in each group significantly decreased when compared with the values recorded before intervention ( t = 10.54, 17.52, 5.52, 10.68, all P < 0.05). After intervention, both the 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in the cognitive therapy group ( t = 8.36, 5.41, both P < 0.001). Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure between the two groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure was 40.00% (12/30) in the cognitive therapy group and 66.67% (20/30) in the combined group. Both groups showed a significant increase in the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure compared with pre-intervention values ( χ2 = 4.02, 11.38, both P < 0.05). After intervention, the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure in the combined intervention group was significantly higher than that in the cognitive therapy group ( χ2 = 4.28, P < 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in exercise tolerance between the two groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the combined intervention group showed significant increases in anaerobic threshold [(1 475.25 ± 415.65) mL/min] and oxygen pulse [(14.78 ± 2.86) mL/beat] compared with pre-intervention values ( t = 3.58, 7.49, both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO 2@VCP) at the ventilatory compensation point compared with pre-intervention levels ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the anaerobic threshold and oxygen pulse in the combined intervention group were significantly higher than those in the cognitive therapy group [(1 137.41 ± 349.86) mL/min, (9.94 ± 2.05) mL/beat] ( t = -3.40, -7.53, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in exercise tolerance in the cognitive therapy group between pre- and post-intervention ( P > 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in PSQI score between cognitive therapy and combined intervention groups ( P > 0.05). After intervention, score for sleep quality [(1.65 ± 0.26) points , (1.24 ± 0.23) points], sleep onset time [(1.51 ± 0.19) points, (1.33 ± 0.18) points], sleep time [(1.47 ± 0.23) points, (1.31 ± 0.20) points], sleep efficiency [(1.31 ± 0.20) points, (1.05 ± 0.19) points], sleep disturbance [(0.93 ± 0.15) points, (0.77 ± 0.20) points], hypnotic medication use [(0.96 ± 0.22) points, (0.67 ± 0.17) points], and daytime function [(1.19 ± 0.25) points, (1.02 ± 0.22) points] decreased in both groups compared with pre-intervention scores ( t = 8.21, 15.58, 9.86, 14.76, 10.02, 15.36, 8.78, 17.59, 7.84, 12.36, 5.74, 11.98, 12.03, 17.14, all P < 0.05). After intervention, PSQI score in the combined intervention group was significantly lower than that in the cognitive therapy group ( t = 6.46, 3.76, 2.87, 5.16, 3.50, 5.71, 2.79, all P < 0.05). The total effective rate for treating sleep disorders in the combined intervention group was 86.67% (26/30), which was significantly higher than that in the cognitive therapy group [63.33% (19/30), χ2 = 4.35, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Aerobic exercise training combined with cognitive behavioral therapy can improve exercise tolerance, reduce blood pressure, and enhance sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders and high-normal blood pressure.

Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, and also the leading cause of liver-related death worldwide. During the treatment of liver fibrosis, in addition to antiviral therapy or removal of inducers, there remains a lack of specific and effective treatment strategies. For thousands of years, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used to treat liver fibrosis in clinical setting. CHMs are effective for liver fibrosis, though its mechanisms of action are unclear. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine the possible mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating liver fibrosis. There have been substantial improvements in the experimental investigation of CHMs which have greatly promoted the understanding of anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms. In this review, the role of CHMs in the treatment of liver fibrosis is described, based on studies over the past decade, which has addressed the various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate therapeutic efficacy. Among them, inhibition of stellate cell activation is identified as the most common mechanism. This article provides insights into the research direction of CHMs, in order to expand its clinical application range and improve its effectiveness.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Fibrosis ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy*

Objective:To investigate the changes of dynamic functional connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN) in the resting state in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD).Methods:From September 2018 to June 2019, 23 cases of AUD group and 24 cases of healthy control (HC) group matched with age, gender, education level and handedness were collected at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Michigan alcoholism screening test (MAST) were performed in all subjects for cognition and alcohol dependence score. All the subjects underwent T 1WI-3D structural imaging and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) examination. Group spatial independent component analysis (ICA) was used to select the independent components of DMN and ECN. Then dynamic changes in the functional connectivity between the DMN and the DMN were obtained by sliding window approach and clustering method. Finally, the independent sample t test was used to compare the difference of general clinical data between the two groups, the linear correlation analysis was conducted in the parameter value and MMSE and MAST scores. Results:Compared with the HC group, the static functional connectivity analysis showed that the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus of the DMN were enhanced in the AUD group ( P=0.016, t=2.496). The DMN and ECN functional connectivity showed four different brain activity states, the proportion of state1 increased by 6.81% and state2 decreased by 6.83% in the AUD group, state3 and state4 were relatively stable. In state1, the internal functional connectivity of the DMN in the AUD group was enhanced, while the functional connectivity between DMN and ECN was mainly enhanced. In state2, the internal functional connectivity of the ECN was enhanced, and the connectivity between the DMN and ECN was mainly weakened. The mean dwell of state2 in the AUD group was negatively correlated with the MAST score ( r=-0.433, P=0.039). Conclusions:Dynamic functional connectivity patterns between DMN and ECN have been changed in patients with AUD. Dynamic functional connectivity can reveal transient changes in brain activity, which can provide certain imaging evidence for finding changes in AUD deep brain activity.

Objective:To explore the knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) level in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and analyze the correlation between these factors and KAP.Methods:Totally 318 DR patients were selected using cluster sampling and investigated for their demographic information and KAP from March 2018 to March 2019. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the factors related to KAP.Results:The total KAP score of the 315 DR patients was (19.26±5.77) , and their score of DR prevention and control knowledge was (9.37±4.08) , with an accuracy rate of 43.81%. The most common way for DR patients to obtain knowledge is was "mobile phone / WeChat / other online channels", followed by "communication with patients"; the most desired way for DR patients to obtain knowledge was "health lectures by doctors / nurses", and the DR-related service that they wanted the most was "free blood sugar and fundus examination". The DR attitude score was (4.61±1.33) . The positive response rate for "glycemic monitoring and control is very important for DR, and all patients must control blood glucose within the normal range" was 86.03%, ranking the highest, while the positive response rate for "willing to receive psychological guidance" was 19.68%, ranking the lowest. The DR behavior score was (5.28±1.96) . The positive response rate for "ask family, friends, or medical professionals for help with vision problems" was 89.52%, ranking the highest, while the positive rate for "able to abide by the principles of diabetes diet on holidays, birthdays, or outing" was 34.29%, ranking the lowest. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that there were positive correlations between the course of disease and the total score of KAP ( r=0.510, P=0.032) , education levels ( r=0.171, P=0.011) and DR prevention knowledge, the average monthly family income ( r=0.922, P=0.021) , with or without complications ( r=0.671, P=0.027) and DR attitude, and living style ( r=0.381, P=0.013) , average monthly household income ( r=0.884, P=0.024) and DR behavior. Conclusions:The overall level of KAP in DR patients is low, and health education for medical staff needs to be strengthened. KAP is closely related to factors such as age, education, complications, average family income, and living style. KAP in DR patients should be improved through many ways in clinical practice.

Objective To establish clinical pharmacists' competency behavior questionnaire and confirm the validity of the competency model of clinical pharmacists. Methods On the basis of previous model research, clinical pharmacists' behavior questionnaire combining the Likert scaling and literature retrieval method was established,and the competency model was verified by method of exploring factor analysis and " construct validity" and confirmatory factor analysis. Results Questionnaire included 47 characteristic projects and ten basic information projects.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors,whose content was in accordance with the model of competency characteristics.Cronbach 's alpha coefficients of each factor project were (0.510-0.961).Discrimination validity of the behavior questionnaire was good.T-test results showed good statistical difference between the outstanding group and the normal group, and the empirical validity of the model was better. Confirmatory factor analysis of structural equation model was acceptable,and the CIF was 0. 825. Conclusion The competency model is valid and can distinguish clinical pharmacists with excellent performance.