Grounded theory, as a flexible and systematic research method, serves as an important tool for gaining an in-depth understanding of clinical phenomena and nursing practice. This paper reviews the origin and development of grounded theory, its concepts and classifications, methodological procedures, and the necessity, significance, and current status of its application in the field of hospice care. The aim is to enhance the scientific application of grounded theory in hospice care research in China.

Grounded theory, as a flexible and systematic research method, serves as an important tool for gaining an in-depth understanding of clinical phenomena and nursing practice. This paper reviews the origin and development of grounded theory, its concepts and classifications, methodological procedures, and the necessity, significance, and current status of its application in the field of hospice care. The aim is to enhance the scientific application of grounded theory in hospice care research in China.

Objective To explore the current situation of caring behavior among hospice nurses,and to analyze its latent profiles and population characteristics,so as to provide ideas for targeted interventions.Methods From August to November 2023,convenience sampling was used to select hospice nurses from 22 secondary and above hospitals in Jiangsu Province,Zhejiang Province,Shanghai City,Shandong Province,Anhui Province,Beijing City,Guangdong Province,and Sichuan Province.The demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Caring Behaviors Inventory,the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses,and the Practice Environment Scale were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was conducted based on 24 items of the Caring Behaviors Inventory as explicit indicators,and the influencing factors of different profiles were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression model.Results A total of 420 questionnaires were collected,of which 393 were valid,with a valid questionnaire response rate of 93.57％.The caring behavior of hospice nurses could be divided into 3 latent profiles,namely high level of care-low respect and connection group(49.62％),high to low caring behavior-overall fluctuation group(30.79％),and medium level of care-high knowledge and skills group(19.59％).The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age,the dimensions of cognitive and emotional empathy in the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses and the dimension of nursing foundations for quality of care in the Practice Environment Scale were the influencing factors of the latent profile of hospice nurses'caring behavior(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in the caring behavior of hospice nurses.Nursing managers should develop individualized interventions for hospice nurses according to the influencing factors of different latent profiles to improve their level of caring behavior.

Decision making of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for hospice care patients has been recognized as a complex and controversial issue that significantly impacted end-stage comfort and quality of life. This article reviewed the significance, status and influencing factors of decision making of ANH for hospice care patients. By analyzing the shortcomings of existing researches and clinical practices, it put forward the prospects for future research, so as to improve the decision-making dilemmas faced by hospice care patients.

Objective To explore the current situation of caring behavior among hospice nurses,and to analyze its latent profiles and population characteristics,so as to provide ideas for targeted interventions.Methods From August to November 2023,convenience sampling was used to select hospice nurses from 22 secondary and above hospitals in Jiangsu Province,Zhejiang Province,Shanghai City,Shandong Province,Anhui Province,Beijing City,Guangdong Province,and Sichuan Province.The demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Caring Behaviors Inventory,the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses,and the Practice Environment Scale were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was conducted based on 24 items of the Caring Behaviors Inventory as explicit indicators,and the influencing factors of different profiles were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression model.Results A total of 420 questionnaires were collected,of which 393 were valid,with a valid questionnaire response rate of 93.57％.The caring behavior of hospice nurses could be divided into 3 latent profiles,namely high level of care-low respect and connection group(49.62％),high to low caring behavior-overall fluctuation group(30.79％),and medium level of care-high knowledge and skills group(19.59％).The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age,the dimensions of cognitive and emotional empathy in the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses and the dimension of nursing foundations for quality of care in the Practice Environment Scale were the influencing factors of the latent profile of hospice nurses'caring behavior(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in the caring behavior of hospice nurses.Nursing managers should develop individualized interventions for hospice nurses according to the influencing factors of different latent profiles to improve their level of caring behavior.

Decision making of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for hospice care patients has been recognized as a complex and controversial issue that significantly impacted end-stage comfort and quality of life. This article reviewed the significance, status and influencing factors of decision making of ANH for hospice care patients. By analyzing the shortcomings of existing researches and clinical practices, it put forward the prospects for future research, so as to improve the decision-making dilemmas faced by hospice care patients.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of the Zhuang medicine preparation Fuzheng capsules and a method for the determination of multi-ingredient content for quality evaluation. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used in conjunction with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2004A edition） to establish the fingerprint of 12 batches of Fuzheng capsules， evaluate their similarity and confirm the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0 software with the peak areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint as variables. The same HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of liquiritin， specnuezhenide， 3，6′-disinapoyl sucrose and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the 12 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 22 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of the 12 batches of Fuzheng capsules， with the similarities greater than 0.91. Four common peaks were identified as liquiritin （peak 8）， specnuezhenide （peak 10）， 3，6′-disinapoyl sucrose （peak 11）， and ammonium glycyrrhizinate （peak 21）. The 12 batches of samples could be clustered into 3 categories， with 200801， 200802 and 200803 as category Ⅰ， samples 1 to 8 as category ， and 221101 as category Ⅲ. The sample 200802 had the highest comprehensive score （2.540）. The contents of liquiritin， specnuezhenide， 3，6′-disinapoyl sucrose and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the 12 batches of samples were 0.44 to 0.73， 1.28 to 2.47， 0.08 to 0.12， and 1.31 to 1.81 mg per capsule， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The main components of the 12 batches of Fuzheng capsules were similar， but the content varied， with the sample 200802 indicating the highest quality. The established fingerprint and multi-ingredient content determination method were highly specific and accurate， which can be used for the quality evaluation of Fuzheng capsules in combination with chemical pattern recognition analysis.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive system. Due to lack of early diagnosis methods, the mortality rate of gastric cancer is relatively high. For meeting their own needs, the tumor cells can reprogram their metabolism, and glutamine metabolism plays an important role in tumor cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, it needs to elucidate the new potential molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer and to discover the potential biomarkers related to glutamine metabolism, so as to provide new targets and schemes for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. This article reviewed the progress in research on glutamine metabolism in energy metabolism of gastric cancer.

Objective To discuss indications,operation method and clinical outcome of posterior short-segment pedicle fixation at the injured level for treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures.Methods A total of 38 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures were equally randomized to Group A(treated with classic short-segment pedicle screw fixation)and Group B(treated with short-segment pedicle screw fixation at the injured level)based on fixation methods(19 patients per group).Preoperative and postoperative JOA score,segmental lordosis(Cobb' s angle),R value(anterior fractured vertebral body height/mean normal vertebral body height×100%),VSA score and internal fixation condition were assessed and compared clinically.Results All patients were followed up for 6-37 months(mean 20.5 months),which showed no statistical difference upon Frankel scores of two operation modes,while the segmental lordosis,VAS score and R value in Group B were than those in Group A.There occurred nuts loosening in one patient and screw bending in one in Group A.There was no implant breakage,loosening or emersion in Group B.Conclusion Posterior short-segmental fixation at the injured level is an adequate and effective procedure for compression fractures and mild to moderate burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.