Myopia has become a significant eye health problem, which is thought to result from the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on two types of hereditary retinal diseases caused by mutations in photoreceptor genes, including rod-cone cell dystrophy(retinitis pigmentosa)and cone dysfunction syndromes(achromatopsia, blue cone monochromatism and Bornholm eye disease). It systematically explores the intrinsic connection between these diseases and the myopia phenotype, and elaborates on the core mechanisms by which pathogenic genes such as RPGR and OPN1LW/OPN1MW, which cause defects in ciliary structure and protein transport and interfere with the visual signal pathway, jointly induce choroidal thinning and scleral remodeling, ultimately driving the elongation of axial length and the occurrence of myopia. By tracing the association of photoreceptor gene mutations with myopia, this article provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanism of myopia and is of great significance for the development of early risk warning and targeted intervention strategies.

BACKGROUND: Valvular heart disease (VHD) has become increasingly common with the aging in China. This study aimed to evaluate regional differences in the clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of patients with VHD across different regions in China. METHODS: Data were collected from the China-VHD Study. From April 2018 to June 2018, 12,347 patients who presented with moderate or severe native VHD with a median of 2 years of follow-up from 46 centers at certified tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in Chinese mainland were included in this study. According to the locations of the research centers, patients were divided into five regional groups: eastern, southern, western, northern, and central China. The clinical features of VHD patients were compared among the five geographical regions. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for heart failure. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the cumulative incidence rate. RESULTS: Among the enrolled patients (mean age, 61.96 years; 6877 [55.70%] male), multiple VHD was the most frequent type (4042, 32.74%), which was mainly found in eastern China, followed by isolated mitral regurgitation (3044, 24.65%), which was mainly found in northern China. The etiology of VHD varied significantly across different regions of China. The overall rate of valve interventions was 32.67% (4008/12,268), with the highest rate in southern China at 48.46% (205/423). In terms of procedure, the proportion of transcatheter valve intervention was relatively low compared to that of surgical treatment. Patients with VHD in western China had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for heart failure. Valve intervention significantly improved the outcome of patients with VHD in all five regions (all P  <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that patients with VHD in China are characterized by significant geographic disparities in clinical features, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Targeted efforts are needed to improve the management and prognosis of patients with VHD in China according to differences in geographical characteristics. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03484806.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Heart Valve Diseases/therapy* ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome

The orientation of the acetabular cup in hip joint anteroposterior radiograph is a key factor in evaluating the postoperative outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Currently, measurement of the acetabular cup anteversion angle primarily relies on manual drawing of auxiliary lines by orthopedic surgeons and calculations using scientific calculators. This study proposes an automated computer-aided measurement method for the acetabular cup anteversion angle based on hip joint anteroposterior radiograph. The proposed method segments hip prosthesis images using an improved Otsu algorithm, identifies feature points at the acetabular cup opening by combining circle-fitting theory and the cup's geometric characteristics, and fits an ellipse to the cup opening to calculate the anteversion angle. A total of 104 hip joint anteroposterior radiographs, including 71 right-sided and 81 left-sided prostheses, were analyzed. Two orthopedic surgeons independently measured the postoperative anteversion angles, and the results were compared with computer-generated measurements for correlation analysis. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated significant correlations between the proposed method and manual measurements for both the right group ( r = 0.795, P < 0.01) and the left group ( r = 0.859, P < 0.01). This method provides a reliable reference for orthopedic surgeons to assess postoperative prognosis.
Humans ; Acetabulum/anatomy & histology* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods* ; Algorithms ; Hip Prosthesis ; Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Radiography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

OBJECTIVES: To create a mixed valvular heart disease (MVHD)-related age-adjusted comorbidity index (MVACI) model for predicting mortality risk of patients with MVHD. METHODS: A total of 4080 patients with moderate or severe MVHD in the China-VHD study were included. The primary endpoint was 2-year all-cause mortality. A MVACI model prediction model was constructed based on the mortality risk factors identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationship between MVACI scores and 2-year all-cause mortality. The optimal threshold, determined by the maximum Youden index from receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, was used to stratify patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 2-year all-cause mortality and compared using the Log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), evaluating the association between MVACI scores and mortality. Paired ROC curves were used to compare the discriminative ability of MVACI scores with the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Ⅱ(EuroSCORE Ⅱ) or the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) in predicting 2-year clinical outcomes, while calibration curves assessed the calibration of these models. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on etiology, treatment strategies, and disease severity. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified the following variables independently associated with 2-year all-cause mortality in patients: pulmonary hypertension, myocardiopathy, heart failure, low body weight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m²), anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal insufficiency, cancer, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and age. The score was independently associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, and exhibited good discrimination (AUC=0.777, 95%CI: 0.755-0.799) and calibration (Brier score 0.062), with significantly better predictive performance than EuroSCORE Ⅱ or ACCI (both adjusted P<0.01). The internal validation showed that the MVACI model's predicted probability of 2-year all-cause mortality was generally consistent with the actual probability. The AUCs for predicting all-cause mortality risk were all above 0.750, and those for predicting adverse events were all above 0.630. The prognostic value of the score remained consistent in patients regardless of their etiology, therapeutic option, and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS The MVACI was constructed in this study based on age and comorbidities, and can be used for mortality risk prediction and risk stratification of MVHD patients. It is a simple algorithmic index and easy to use.
Humans ; Prognosis ; Comorbidity ; Heart Valve Diseases/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Age Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Adult ; ROC Curve

Objective: To investigate the effects of C1q tumor necrosis factor⁃related protein 3 (CTRP3) ⁃enhanced Sendai virus (SeV) vector⁃overexpressing Gata4 , Mef2c , and Tbx5 (SeVGMT) in the treatment of myocardial in⁃farction (MI) mice and to analyze whether ubiquitin carboxyl⁃terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) mediates this thera⁃peutic pathway. Methods: The mice were divided into 7 groups ( n = 12) : Sham group , MI group , SeVGMT group , CTRP3⁃Lv group , UCHL1 ⁃sh group , SeVGMT + CTRP3⁃Lv group , and SeVGMT + CTRP3⁃Lv + UCHL1 ⁃sh group. In the Sham group , only the skin was incised without ligation , while the coronary artery was ligated 2 - 3 mm below the left atrial appendage in mice in other groups. PBS was injected at three points in the myocardial infarction boundary in the Sham and MI groups 30 minutes after ligation. Mice in other groups were injected with SeVGMT , CTRP3-Lv , or UCHL1-sh according to their grouping. Four weeks after treatment , fractional shortening (FS) , ejection fraction (EF) , left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) , left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs) , heart rate (HR) , mean arterial pressure (MAP) , serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) , myocardial troponin I ( cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) levels , and myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ) , interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in mice were detected. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were detected by 2 , 3 , 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC) , hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) , Masson trichrome and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The mRNA expressions of CTRP3 and UCHL1 were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of CTRP3 , UCHL1 , collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ , Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with SeVGMT group and CTRP3-Lv group , the levels of EF , FS , HR and MAP in SeVGMT + CTRP3-Lv group increased (P < 0. 05) . The levels of LVIDd , LVIDs , CK-MB , cTnI , LDH , TNF-α , IL-1β and IL-6 decreased (P < 0. 05) . MI area , fibrosis area and TUNEL positive rate decreased (P < 0. 05) , the protein levels collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ and Bax decreased (P < 0. 05) , and Bcl-2 protein levels increased (P < 0. 05) . The mRNA and protein levels and relative staining intensity of CTRP3 and UCHL1 increased (P < 0. 05) . Compared with SeVGMT + CTRP3-Lv group , the addition of UCHL1-sh treatment ( SeVGMT + CTRP3-Lv + UCHL1-sh group) significantly weakened the influence of SeVGMT + CTRP3-Lv on the above indexes (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion CTRP3 mediated UCHL1 enhances the therapeutic effect of SeVGMT reprogrammed CFs on MI in mice.

Purpose/Significance To analyze relevant patented technologies,and to provide experience for medical and commercial health insurance institutions to break through the data interaction blocking point and construct a multi-level medical security system.Method/Process The patentometrics method is used to analyze the data interaction patent technology between medical and health insurance institutions from four aspects:time trend,regional distribution,category distribution and text clustering.Result/Conclusion China should pay attention to the role of data interaction in deepening cooperation between medical and insurance institutions,improve the declaration,authorization,application and protection of high-quality patents,pay attention to cross-border integration and technology-driven,and innovate patent layout to meet technological development and social needs.

Animal survival necessitates adaptive behaviors in volatile environmental contexts. Virtual reality (VR) technology is instrumental to study the neural mechanisms underlying behaviors modulated by environmental context by simulating the real world with maximized control of contextual elements. Yet current VR tools for rodents have limited flexibility and performance (e.g., frame rate) for context-dependent cognitive research. Here, we describe a high-performance VR platform with which to study contextual behaviors immersed in editable virtual contexts. This platform was assembled from modular hardware and custom-written software with flexibility and upgradability. Using this platform, we trained mice to perform context-dependent cognitive tasks with rules ranging from discrimination to delayed-sample-to-match while recording from thousands of hippocampal place cells. By precise manipulations of context elements, we found that the context recognition was intact with partial context elements, but impaired by exchanges of context elements. Collectively, our work establishes a configurable VR platform with which to investigate context-dependent cognition with large-scale neural recording.
Animals ; Mice ; Rodentia ; Virtual Reality ; Cognition ; Recognition, Psychology

Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhaled medication compliance intervention in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on integrated theory of health behavior change.Methods:A total of 117 elderly COPD patients who visited Respiratory Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July to December 2021 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the experimental group and the control group. 7 cases fell off during follow-up, and a total of 110 cases were finally included in the study, of which 55 cases were in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group. The control group adopted the conventional health education method, while the experimental group adopted the intervention plan of inhalation medication compliance of elderly COPD patients based on the integrated theory of health behavior change. The accuracy of inhalation device use, inhalant medication compliance, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Assessment Test (CAT) scores were compared between the two groups before intervention and 3 months after intervention. Results:After 3 months of intervention, the inhalation device use accuracy, inhalation medication compliance in experimental group were higher than those in the control group, the score of CAT in experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FEV 1 between two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The intervention plan for inhalation medication compliance in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the integrated theory of health behavior changes can improve their inhalation medication compliance and improve their quality of life.

Background::The study aimed to describe the aortic valve morphology in Chinese patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), and the impact of sizing strategies and related procedural outcomes.Methods::Patients with severe AS who underwent TAVR were consecutively enrolled from 2012 to 2019. The anatomy and morphology of the aortic root were assessed. "Downsize" strategy was preformed when patients had complex morphology. The clinical outcomes of patients who performed downsize strategy were compared with those received annular sizing strategy. The primary outcome was device success rate, and secondary outcomes included Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 clinical outcomes variables based on 1-year follow-up.Results::A total of 293 patients were enrolled. Among them, 95 patients (32.4%) had bicuspid aortic valve. The calcium volume (Hounsfield Unit-850) of aortic root was 449.90 (243.15-782.15) mm 3. Calcium is distributed mostly on the leaflet level. Downsize strategy was performed in 204 patients (69.6%). Compared with the patients who performed annular sizing strategy, those received downsize strategy achieved a similar device success rate (82.0% [73] vs. 83.3% [170], P= 0.79). Aortic valve gradients (downsize strategy group vs. annular sizing group, 11.28 mmHg vs. 11.88 mmHg, P = 0.64) and percentages of patients with moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation 2.0% (4/204) vs. 4.5% (4/89), P = 0.21) were similar in the two groups at 30 days after TAVR. These echocardiographic results were sustainable for one year. Conclusions::Chinese TAVR patients have more prevalent bicuspid morphology and large calcium volume of aortic root. Calcium is distributed mostly on the leaflet level. Compare with annular sizing strategy, downsize strategy provided a non-inferior device success rate and transcatheter heart valve hemodynamic performance in self-expanding TAVR procedure.