Objective To investigate the mechanism of Nlrp6 for regulating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression in light of lipid synthesis regulation.Methods Nlrp6 expression level in HCC tissues of different pathological grades was investigated using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,and its correlation with the patients'survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.HepG2 cells with adenovirus-mediated Nlrp6 overexpression or knockdown were treated with palmitic acid(PA),and the changes in lipid deposition and cell proliferation were evaluated using Oil Red O staining,CCK-8 assay,EdU staining,and colony formation assay.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes in expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and the proteins in the AMPK-Srebp1c axis.In a mouse model of hepatic steatosis established in liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout mice by high-fat diet feeding for 24 weeks,liver fibrosis was examined with histological staining,and the changes in expressions of HCC markers and the AMPK-Srebp1c signaling pathway were detected.Results Nlrp6 expression was significantly reduced in HCC tissues with negative correlations with the pathological grades and the patients'survival(P<0.0001).In HepG2 cells,Nlrp6 overexpression significantly inhibited lipid deposition and cell proliferation,whereas Nlrp6 knockdown produced the opposite effects.Nlrp6 overexpression strongly suppressed the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes,promoted AMPK phosphorylation,and inhibited Srebp1c expression.The mice with liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout and high-fat feeding showed increased hepatic steatosis,collagen deposition,and AFP expression with reduced AMPK phosphorylation and increased Srebp1c expression.Conclusion Nlrp6 overexpression inhibits lipid synthesis in HCC cells by regulating the AMPK-Srebp1c axis,which might be a key pathway for suppressing HCC cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Nlrp6 for regulating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression in light of lipid synthesis regulation.Methods Nlrp6 expression level in HCC tissues of different pathological grades was investigated using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,and its correlation with the patients'survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.HepG2 cells with adenovirus-mediated Nlrp6 overexpression or knockdown were treated with palmitic acid(PA),and the changes in lipid deposition and cell proliferation were evaluated using Oil Red O staining,CCK-8 assay,EdU staining,and colony formation assay.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes in expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and the proteins in the AMPK-Srebp1c axis.In a mouse model of hepatic steatosis established in liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout mice by high-fat diet feeding for 24 weeks,liver fibrosis was examined with histological staining,and the changes in expressions of HCC markers and the AMPK-Srebp1c signaling pathway were detected.Results Nlrp6 expression was significantly reduced in HCC tissues with negative correlations with the pathological grades and the patients'survival(P<0.0001).In HepG2 cells,Nlrp6 overexpression significantly inhibited lipid deposition and cell proliferation,whereas Nlrp6 knockdown produced the opposite effects.Nlrp6 overexpression strongly suppressed the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes,promoted AMPK phosphorylation,and inhibited Srebp1c expression.The mice with liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout and high-fat feeding showed increased hepatic steatosis,collagen deposition,and AFP expression with reduced AMPK phosphorylation and increased Srebp1c expression.Conclusion Nlrp6 overexpression inhibits lipid synthesis in HCC cells by regulating the AMPK-Srebp1c axis,which might be a key pathway for suppressing HCC cell proliferation.

Artificial blood vessels, serving as crucial vascular substitutes, have been widely utilized in vascular interventional therapies and revascularization surgeries. Small-diameter artificial blood vessels (diameter < 6 mm) pose challenges for long-term implantation due to their small diameter, slow flow velocity, low blood pressure, and complex blood flow environment. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a natural polymer material, enhances the regenerative and repair effects of small-diameter artificial blood vessels through composite modification and surface modification. This article reviewed the research progress in the preparation of small-diameter artificial blood vessels using BNC and discussed the advantages and potential application prospects of BNC artificial blood vessels.

Objective: To study the association between eating at night and skipping breakfast with college students anxiety symptoms, and to provide reference basis for preventing and alleviating college students anxiety symptoms. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 9 960 freshman from three universities in Kunming and Dali, Yunnan Province. The dietary frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the dietary behavior of college students. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms of college students. The association of late night snack and breakfast skipping with the association of anxiety symptoms in college students used generalized linear model and Logistic regression model. Results: The proportion of college students who reported eating at night and breakfast skipping in the last month was 72.5%(7 217/9 960) and 61.6%(6 131/9 960) respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in college students was 28.9%(2 875/9 960). There was a statistical significance between eating at night with anxiety symptoms( OR =1.40-2.54), and breakfast skipping with anxiety symptoms( OR =1.23-1.60)( P <0.05). The interaction between eating late at night and breakfast skipping was positively correlated with college students anxiety symptoms (multiplicative interaction, β=0.06, 95%CI=0.02- 0.10 , P<0.01; additive interaction, OR=2.00, 95%CI=1.59-2.51, P <0.01). Conclusion The study suggests that the college students who eat at night and frequently skipped breakfast are more likely to have anxiety symptoms. It suggested to promote the formation of healthy eating habits of college students, so as to reduce the occurrence of anxiety sympotoms.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different analgesic methods of hydromorphone on analgesic efficacy and sleep quality in patients with refractory cancer pain.Methods:Sixty patients with refractory cancer pain who received three-step analgesic treatment in Quzhou People's Hospital from August 2018 to December 2019 and acquired poor analgesic effects were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with hydromorphone (HV group, n = 30) or an intrathecal patient-controlled analgesia with hydromorphone (HI group, n = 30) for 10 consecutive days. The analgesic efficacy in each group was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) before and 2, 4, 24, 48 hours, and 10 days after administration. The frequency of breakthrough pain (BTP) at each time point was recorded. The sedation effect of medication was evaluated using the Ramsay score. The sleep quality of patients was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The activities of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry at different time points. The adverse reactions within 10 days after treatment were observed and recorded. Results:Before and at each time point after treatment, there were no significant differences in NRS score, the frequency of BTP, Ramsay score, and PSQI score between the two groups (NRS score: t = 0.45, 0.91, 0.52, 1.19, 0.97, 1.92, all P > 0.05; frequency of BTP: t = 0.34, 1.88, 0.86, 1.71, 1.22, 0.76, all P > 0.05; Ramsay score: t = 0.56, 0.46, 0.63, 0.22, 0.99, 0.14, all P > 0.05; PSQI: t = 0.86, 1.25, 1.46, 1.05, 0.57, 1.93, all P > 0.05). At each time point after treatment, the activities of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ cells increased in each group, and the activities of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ cells in the HI group were significantly higher than those in the HV group (CD 3+: t = 3.72, 3.12, 2.85, 3.13, 2.44, all P < 0.05; CD 4+: t = 3.62, 2.45, 3.31, 3.19, 2.70; all P > 0.05; CD 4+/CD 8+: t = 3.10, 2.74, 2.83, 3.24, 3.41, all P < 0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions was slightly, but not significantly, lower in the HI group than the HV group [14.00% (7/30) vs. 26.00% (13/30), χ2 = 2.70, P = 0.100]. Conclusion:Compared with intravenous administration of hydromorphone, intrathecal administration of hydromorphone can better effectively relieve pain, decrease the frequency of BTP, improve sleep quality, has a good sedative effect, improve immune function, and has fewer adverse reactions.

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with complex mechanisms that requires targeted precision medicine strategies. The growth of precision medicine is indispensable from the rapid development of genomics. However, genomics has certain limitations in molecular phenotype analysis, proteogenomics thus arose at the right time. Proteogenomics is the merging of proteomics and genomics. This review describes the limitations of genomic analysis and highlights the importance of proteogenomics to re-understand precision oncology from a proteogenomic perspective. In addition, the application of proteogenomics in precision oncology is briefly introduced, the related public data projects are described, and finally, the challenges that need to be addressed at this stage are proposed.
Humans ; Proteogenomics ; Precision Medicine ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Proteomics ; Genomics

Objective:To explore the application of mixed BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, summary) combined with case analysis teaching in nursing practice teaching in the department of endocrinology.Methods:Forty-five nurses of Batch 2017 who practiced in the Department of Endocrinology were selected as the control group, using traditional teaching; 45 practical nursing students of Batch 2018 were selected as the research group, using mixed BOPPPS combined with case analysis teaching. After the teaching, the teaching effect was evaluated by the theoretical and practical skill operation assessments, and the satisfaction with the teaching was investigated through the questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of basic theory [(28.31±2.07) vs. (24.66±2.15)] and professional theory [(67.01±3.05) vs. (55.62±3.20)] in the theoretical assessment of practical nurses in the research group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05); the scores of each sub-item of the practical skills operation assessment were better than those in the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05); in terms of teaching satisfaction, the research group was better than the control group in such 10 aspects as whether to improve the level of theoretical and practical skills operation, whether to improve the awareness of humanistic care and whether to improve the nurse-patient communication ability, etc., with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The BOPPPS combined with case analysis teaching significantly improves the theoretical and practical skills and comprehensive literacy of the endocrinology practical nursing students, and the teaching satisfaction is significantly better than that of the traditional teaching, which is of promotion value.

Blast injury of the chest injury is the most common wound in modern war trauma and terrorist attacks, and is also the most fatal type of whole body explosion injury. Most patients with severe blast injury of the chest die in the early stage before hospitalization or during transportation, so first aid is critically important. At present, there exist widespread problems such as non-standard treatment and large difference in curative effect, while there lacks clinical treatment standards for blast injury of the chest. According to the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement, the Trauma Society of Chinese Medical Association has formulated the guidance of classification, pre-hospital first aid, in-hospital treatment and major injury management strategies for blast injury of the chest, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

With the development of mass spectrometry technologies and bioinformatics analysis algorithms, disease research-driven human proteome project (HPP) is advancing rapidly. Protein biomarkers play critical roles in clinical applications and the biomarker discovery strategies and methods have become one of research hotspots. Feature selection and machine learning methods have good effects on solving the "dimensionality" and "sparsity" problems of proteomics data, which have been widely used in the discovery of protein biomarkers. Here, we systematically review the strategy of protein biomarker discovery and the frequently-used machine learning methods. Also, the review illustrates the prospects and limitations of deep learning in this field. It is aimed at providing a valuable reference for corresponding researchers.
Algorithms ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteomics

Tumor-specific gene mutations might generate suitable neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy that are highly immunogenic and absent in normal tissues. The high heterogeneity of the tumor genome poses a big challenge for precision cancer immunotherapy. Mutations characteristic of each tumor can help to distinguish it from other tumors. Based on these mutations' characteristic, it is possible to develop immunotherapeutic strategies for specific tumors. In this study, a tumor neoantigen prediction scheme was proposed, in which both the intracellular antigen presentation process and the ability to bind with extracellular MHC molecule were taken into consideration. The overall design is meritorious and may help reduce the cost for validation experiments compared with conventional methods. This strategy was tested with several cancer genome datasets in the TCGA database, and a number of potential tumor neoantigens were predicted for each dataset. These predicted neoantigens showed tumor type specificity and were found in 20% to 70% of cancer patients. This scheme might prove useful clinically in future.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; Computational Biology ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Mutation ; Neoplasms