Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of rutaecarpine on Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Methods An Hp-induced CAG rat model was established.Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,low-dose rutaecarpine group,medium-dose rutaecarpine group,and high-dose rutaecarpine group,with 12 rats in each group.An additional 12 rats served as the normal control group.Body mass changes were recorded before and after treatment.Gastric mucosal histopathology was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10)in gastric mucosal supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cluster of differentiation 86(CD86),arginase 1(Arg-1),and mannose receptor(CD206)in gastric mucosal tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Protein expression levels of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)pathway-related proteins were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited disorganized gastric mucosal epithelium,reduced glandular structures in the lamina propria,significant inflammatory cell infiltration,and elevated gastric mucosal histopathology scores.TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 levels in gastric mucosal supernatants,iNOS and CD86 mRNA expression,and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor α(p-IκBα)and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 subunit(p-p65)protein levels were significantly increased,while Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA expression were significantly decreased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,medium-and high-dose rutaecarpine treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,restored cellular arrangement,increased glandular structures in the lamina propria,and significantly lowered gastric mucosal histopathology scores,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 levels,iNOS and CD86 mRNA expression,and p-p65 and p-IκBα protein expression were significantly reduced,whereas Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA expression were significantly increased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05),with dose-dependent effects.Conclusion Rutaecarpine ameliorates Hp-induced CAG by modulating macrophage polarization and attenuating inflammatory responses,likely through downregulation of p-p65 and p-IκBα expression and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo stem extracts and the therapeutic effect of bamboo stem water extract on oxidative inflammation induced by tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods In this study, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were used to determine the extracellular antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, 95% ethanol extract, and distilled water extract from bamboo stems. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was used as the model cell, and t-BHP was selected as the oxidative stress modeling agent. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and the optimal oxidative damage concentration of t-BHP. The content of MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to assess antioxidant stress effect. Results The five extracts of bamboo all had certain antioxidant activity, among which the water extract of bamboo stem had the best comprehensive antioxidant activity with high cell viability in Caco-2 cells. The optimal modeling concentration of t-BHP was 200 μMol/L. The water extract of bamboo stem significantly reduced the content of oxidative stress related biomarkers and inflammatory factors in Caco-2 cells induced by t-BHP. Conclusion The stem extracts of bamboo in Xianning City have strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Among them, the water extract of bamboo stem has a protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the water extract possesses a potential to be developed as new antioxidant products for clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of deep learning reconstruction algorithm combined with smart metal artifact reduction(DLMAR)on the quality of abdominal CT images in critically ill patients who are unable to raise their arms and require electrocardiographic(ECG)monitoring.Methods A total of 102 patients were retrospectively enrolled.All subjects were critically ill patients who were unable to raise their arms and required ECG monitoring.Images were reconstructed using 6 algorithms,including filtered back projection(FBP),iterative reconstruction(IR),deep learning(DL),FBP combined with smart metal artifact reduction(FBPMAR),adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V combined with smart metal artifact reduction(IRMAR),and DLMAR.A quantitative analysis of CT values,noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)was conducted in regions without metal artifacts and regions with metal artifacts in the liver,as well as the tissues,including those from the liver,spleen,pancreas,and aorta,between the two arms.Qualitative analysis of electrode metal artifacts,the visualization of the structures between the two arms,and image noise was performed with a 5-point scoring system(l=worst and 5=best).Results In the regions of the liver with metal artifacts,there was a significant difference between the CT values of the DLMAR group([98.5±9.8]Hounsfield units[H[J])and those of the FBP group([73.7±5.6]HU),the IR group([75.3±7.5]HU),and the DL group([66.3±11.4]HU)(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the CT values of the DLMAR group and those of the FBPMAR group([99.8±4.8]HU)and the IRMAR group([99.6±3.4]HU)(P＞0.05).The noise of the DLMAR group was found to be significantly lower than that of the other groups(P＜0.01).Furthermore,the SNR and CNR of the DLMAR group were also found to be higher than those of the other groups(P＜0.01).In the tissue region between the two arms,the differences in CT values among the six groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The noise of the DLMAR group was lower than those of the other groups(P＜0.01),and the SNR and CNR of the DLMAR group were higher than those of the other groups(P＜0.01).In terms of the removal of metal artifacts,the scores of the FBPMAR,IRMAR,and DLMAR groups(4.27±0.32,4.44±0.34,and 4.61±0.28,respectively)were higher than those of the FBP,IR,and DL groups(1.36±0.54,1.32±0.45,and 1.24±0.46,respectively)(P＜0.01).The DLMAR group also had a higher score of 4.62±0.37 in the visualization of structures between the two arms and 4.53±0.39 in the noise reduction of images,both of which were higher than those of the other groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion DLMAR reduces artifacts,decreases noise,and improves the quality of abdominal CT imaging in critically ill patients who are unable to raise their arms and require ECG monitoring.

With the gradual aggravation of aging in China， the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing year by year. Osteoporosis has become a major public health problem threatening the health of middle-aged and elderly people， especially middle-aged and elderly women. There are many predisposing factors and complex pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The interpretation of osteoporosis has been the focus of clinical research in recent years. How to prevent and treat osteoporosis more effectively has also become a major problem faced by researchers. In recent years， the balance and homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus regulated by intestinal absorption， renal excretion and bone have become one of the hot topics， and the balance and homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus in vivo are the key to normal bone homeostasis. At the same time， as a complex microbial community living in the gastrointestinal tract， intestinal flora can produce a variety of regulators affecting metabolism. It has been widely confirmed that it acts on the body indirectly or directly， in multiple ways and targets to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Therefore， further exploring the role and mechanism of intestine kidney bone axis in osteoporosis plays a far-reaching significance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In recent years， scholars have made a lot of exploration on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and found that TCM can intervene the expression of intestinal flora and play the effect of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Based on the "intestine kidney bone axis"， this paper briefly discusses the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine of kidney and osteoporosis， intestine and osteoporosis， intestine kidney axis， the treatment of kidney from intestine， intestine and osteoporosis， and the application of TCM in regulating intestinal flora in osteoporosis， in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience in treating acute superior mesenteric artery embolization with intestinal necrosis.Methods:Clinical data, surgical methods, complications and 30-day follow-up of patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolization and intestinal necrosis admitted at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from Jan 2008 to Dec 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 46 patients were included. The 30-day overall mortality rate was 19.6%, and that of those treated by enterostomy after enterectomy was 12.1%, and that was 38.5% in those undergoing primary entero-anastomosis after enterectomy. Univariate analysis showed that rebound pain was positive ( P=0.025), MAP was higher than 105mmHg ( P=0.04), heart rate was less than 120 beats/min ( P=0.04), and Fullen intestinal ischemia grade ( P=0.03) was significantly related to survival rates. Conclusions:Rebound pain, MAP, heart rate, Fullen grade, and surgical methods significantly affect the prognosis of patients. More patients survive with intestinal resection and enterostomy than those with intestinal resection and immediate anastomosis.

Chronic pain is a public health concern of desiderate to be solved, and analgesics is not always successful and may be difficult to tolerate in clinic.Studies have suggested that the development of chronic pain involves alterations in multiple brain regions.Central modulation mechanisms, especially those soliciting the prefrontal cortex and its related brain regions, may play an important role.Non-pharmacological therapies such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial repetitive magnetic stimulation and cognitive behavior therapy have emerged to be effective interventions of great potential for chronic pain in recent years.Hereby the research progress was reviewed on the neural modulation effect of prefrontal cortex in non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain, focusing on the related changes in brain structure and function, to further explore the underlying mechanism of pain modulation, and provide theoretical basis to optimize non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain.

Objective To investigate the correlation between clinicopathological features and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer (EGC) and evaluate the influence of lymph node metastasis on the overall survival.Methods The clinicopathological data of 178 EGC patients undergoing radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in Peking University First Hospital between Jan 2006 and Dec 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.The impact of lymph node metastasis on the overall survival was analyzed.Results Lymph node metastasis was detected in 19 (10.7％) of 178 patients.Univariate analysis showed a positive relationship between tumor size (x2 =4.804,P =0.028),depth of invasion (x2 =8.176,P =0.003),histological type (x2 =4.333,P =0.037),vascular tumor thrombus (x2 =9.992,P =0.002) and lymph node metastasis in EGC.Multivariate analysis revealed that depth of invasion (Wald =4.954,P =0.026)and intra-vascular tumor thrombus (Wald =3.966,P =0.046) were independent relative factors of lymph node metastasis in EGC patients.The 5-year survival rates of EGC patients with lymph node metastasis were 78.9％,much lower than that without lymph node metastasis (94.3％,x2 =8.310,P=0.004).Conclusions Lymph node metastasis in EGC is mainly correlated with depth of invasion and intra-vascular tumor thrombus.The prognosis of patients with lymph node metastasis is significantly poorer than those without lymph node metastasis.

Accelerated forgetting has been identified as a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the therapeutic efficacy of the manipulation of biological mechanisms of forgetting has not been assessed in AD animal models. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a small GTPase, has been shown to regulate active forgetting in Drosophila and mice. Here, we showed that Rac1 activity is aberrantly elevated in the hippocampal tissues of AD patients and AD animal models. Moreover, amyloid-beta 42 could induce Rac1 activation in cultured cells. The elevation of Rac1 activity not only accelerated 6-hour spatial memory decay in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice, but also significantly contributed to severe memory loss in aged APP/PS1 mice. A similar age-dependent Rac1 activity-based memory loss was also observed in an AD fly model. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 activity could ameliorate cognitive defects and synaptic plasticity in AD animal models. Finally, two novel compounds, identified through behavioral screening of a randomly selected pool of brain permeable small molecules for their positive effect in rescuing memory loss in both fly and mouse models, were found to be capable of inhibiting Rac1 activity. Thus, multiple lines of evidence corroborate in supporting the idea that inhibition of Rac1 activity is effective for treating AD-related memory loss.

Objective To investigate serum vitamin D levels in tuberculosis (TB) patients with different blood glucose status.Methods Two hundred and forty seven TB patients were recruited from tuberculosis clinics in Jilin province and 80 normal subjects who underwent health check up in Beijing Hospital served as controls.Blood samples were collected,fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum vitamin D [25 (OH)D] levels were measured.Results FBG results showed that there were 95 patients with normal FBG,69 with pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and 83 with diabetes mellitus (DM).Vitamin D measurement showed that 25(OH) D level in TB patients with normal FBG,pre-DM and DM was 16.1 (10.7,26.2) μg/L,12.9 (9.6,20.1) μg/L and 12.4 (10.4,16.9) μg/L,respectively,(x2 =19.608,P ＜ 0.001) and were much lower than that in the normal controls (20.5 μg/L) (x2 =21.701,P ＜ 0.001).Proportion of TB patients with 25 (OH)D sever deficiency(＜ 10.0 μg/L)in patients with normal FBG,pre-DM and DM was 20.0％ (19/95),31.9％ (22/69),and 24.1％ (20/83) respectively (x2 =6.376,P ＜ 0.05);proportion of 25 (OH) D deficiency (10.0-19.9 ng/ml) in three groups was 41.1％ (39/95),40.6％ (28/69),and 57.8 ％ (48/83),respectively (x2 =15.141,P ＜ 0.05);sufficient 25 (OH) D (≥ 30.0 μg/L) was 14.7％ (14/95),7.2％ (5/69),and 1.2％ (1/83),respectively (x2 =19.118;P ＜0.05).While the proportion of TB patient with 25 (OH) D insufficiency (20.0-29.9 ng/ml) was 24.2％ (23/95),20.3％ (14/69),and 16.9％ (14/48) respectively (x2 =0.933,P =0.627).In TB patients with normal FBG,risk factors for 25 (OH) D deficiency were smoking (OR =5.619,95％ CI:1.293-24.424,P =0.021),cold season (OR =14.402,95％CI:4.070-50.965,P ＜ 0.001) and smear negative TB (OR =6.194,95 ％ CI:1.873-20.481,P =0.003).Living in rural area (OR =3.429,95％ CI:1.040-11.299,P =0.043) was the risk factor for 25 (OH) D deficiency in TB patients with pre-DM and age ≥ 60 years (OR =2.474,95％CI:1.086-5.623,P =0.031) was risk factor for 25 (OH) D deficiency in those with DM.Conclusions Vitamin D level is lower in TB patients than that in normal controls.The diabetic TB patients have the lowest 25 (OH) D level and have highest proportion of vitamin D deficiency and sever deficiency,particularly for elderly patients.