Background::T-cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the effective clearance of viral infection, but the T-cell-mediated immune responses that are induced by booster doses of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) remain unclear.Methods::Forty-five PLWH who had received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 29 healthy controls (HCs) at Beijing Youan Hospital were enrolled to assess the dynamic changes in T-cell responses between the day before the third vaccine dose (week 0) and 4 or 12 weeks (week 4 or week 12) after receiving the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), and multiplex cytokines profiling were used to assess T-cell responses at the three timepoints in this study.Results::The results of the ELISpot and activation-induced marker (AIM) assays showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were increased in both PLWH and HCs after the third dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and a similar magnitude of immune response was induced against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant compared to the wild-type strain. In detail, spike-specific T-cell responses (measured by the ELISpot assay for interferon γ [IFN-γ] release) in both PLWH and HCs significantly increased in week 4, and the spike-specific T-cell responses in HCs were significantly stronger than those in PLWH 4 weeks after the third vaccination. In the AIM assay, spike-specific CD4 + T-cell responses peaked in both PLWH and HCs in week 12. Additionally, significantly higher spike-specific CD8 + T-cell responses were induced in PLWH than in HCs in week 12. In PLWH, the release of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-22 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were stimulated with spike peptides increased in week 12. In addition, the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were higher in PLWH than in HCs in week 12. Interestingly, the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in PLWH was negatively associated with the extent of CD8 + T-cell activation and exhaustion. In addition, positive correlations were observed between the magnitude of spike-specific T-cell responses (determined by measuring IFN-γ release by ELISpot) and the amounts of IL-4, IL-5, IL-2 and IL-17F. Conclusions::Our findings suggested that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses could be enhanced by the booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines and further illustrate the importance of additional vaccination for PLWH.

Objective:To explore the association between cognitive function and the level of gamma-amino-butyric acid(GABA)in anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)before and after treatment in patients with major depres-sion disorder.Methods:Totally 31 medication-naive patients with major depression disorder meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 33 normal controls were col-lected.Each eligible patient received treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agents for 8 weeks.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)was used to evaluate the cognitive function.By means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,anterior cingulate cortex GABA concentrations were measured.Results:At base-line,the concentration of ACC GABA relative to water(GABA+/W)was lower in the patient group than in the control group(P＜0.05)and increased after treatment(P＜0.05).ACC GABA+/W was negatively associated with verbal learning and visual memory score in patient group at baseline(correlation coefficient and P value were r=-0.40,P＜0.05;r=-0.42,P＜0.05,respectively).The ACC GABA+/W difference resulted of treatment in patient group was positively associated with the difference of working memory score and the difference of reasoning and problem-solving score(correlation coefficient and P value were r=0.58,P＜0.05;r=0.66,P＜0.05,respec-tively).Conclusion:The cognitive dysfunction of patients with major depression disorder may not be related to the degree of depression and anxiety.And improvement of cognitive function may be associated with increase of ACC GABA concentrations.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo stem extracts and the therapeutic effect of bamboo stem water extract on oxidative inflammation induced by tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods In this study, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were used to determine the extracellular antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, 95% ethanol extract, and distilled water extract from bamboo stems. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was used as the model cell, and t-BHP was selected as the oxidative stress modeling agent. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and the optimal oxidative damage concentration of t-BHP. The content of MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to assess antioxidant stress effect. Results The five extracts of bamboo all had certain antioxidant activity, among which the water extract of bamboo stem had the best comprehensive antioxidant activity with high cell viability in Caco-2 cells. The optimal modeling concentration of t-BHP was 200 μMol/L. The water extract of bamboo stem significantly reduced the content of oxidative stress related biomarkers and inflammatory factors in Caco-2 cells induced by t-BHP. Conclusion The stem extracts of bamboo in Xianning City have strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Among them, the water extract of bamboo stem has a protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the water extract possesses a potential to be developed as new antioxidant products for clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases.

Background Patients with post-stroke hemiplegia are likely to experience fatigue and sleep disorder.Attention and interpretation therapy(AIT)has been shown to promote psychological flexibility,thereby alleviating their stress,improving emotional management and somatopsychic adaptation.Currently,there is a lack of application of AIT in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.Objective To explore the effect of modified AIT on fatigue and sleep quality in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia,so as to provide references for physical and mental rehabilitation nursing of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.Methods A total of 120 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia attending the rehabilitation medicine department of North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from August 1,2021 to June 30,2022 and fulfilling the Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke 2018 and the Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute intracerebral hemorrhage 2019 were enrolled.Patients were assigned into two groups using random number table methods,each with 60 cases.Control group was given chronic illness trajectory model-based nursing,while study group received modified AIT intervention.All participants were evaluated using the Chinese version of Neurological Fatigue Index for Stroke(NFI-Stroke)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)at the baseline,after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention.Results The repeated measures ANOVA on PSQI total score and scores on sleep quality,sleep time,sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction revealed a significant group effect,time effect and interaction effect(Fgroup=4.281,5.598,8.814,4.351,4.302,4.091,7.608,Ftime=122.230,19.698,19.289,16.403,15.421,28.879,90.876,Finteraction=19.508,3.227,11.586,5.237,5.507,5.799,3.338,P<0.05).Significant group effect,time effect and interaction effect were reported on NFI-Stroke total score and scores on physical subscale and cognitive subscale(Fgroup=7.140,5.466,5.547,Ftime=362.192,309.817,70.888,Finteraction=21.079,13.430,13.354,P<0.05).Conclusion Modified AIT may help alleviate fatigue and improve sleep quality in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.

Humans ; Cardiologists ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Medical Oncology ; Heart ; Oncologists

Cerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%-15% of all strokes， and its pathogenesis is complex. Currently， the main clinical treatment is mainly medical symptomatic treatment， including the use of antihypertensive drugs， hypoglycemic drugs， and hemostatic drugs， and surgical treatment is required in some cases， but there is still a lack of effective treatment. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine have been widely accepted for their stable efficacy， high safety， and low cost. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and finds that its active ingredients are mainly anthraquinones， such as emodin， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma acid， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma phenol. The herbal formulas are Da Chengqitang， Shengdi Dahuangtang， Liangxue Tongyufang， and Naoxueshu oral liquid. The effects involve protecting the blood-brain barrier， promoting hematoma absorption， reducing inflammation levels， decreasing lactic acid accumulation at the bleeding site， and increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. The pathways involved include aquaporin 4 （AQP4）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and Wnt3a/β-linked protein pathway. This paper summarizes the progress of clinical studies and animal experiments on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with active ingredients of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and herbal compounds containing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， so as to provide a reference for the treatment protocol of cerebral hemorrhage.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect and mechanism of Qihong Tongluo prescription on vascular endothelial cells in rats with deep venous thrombosis （DVT）. MethodSixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group （n=11） and a modeling group （n=55）. The DVT model was induced in rats of the modeling group by slowing down blood flow and damaging vascular endothelium. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， aspirin group （200 mg·kg^-1）， and low-，medium-， and high-dose Qihong Tongluo prescription groups （6.5， 13， 26 g·kg^-1） according to a random number table. Rats were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the model group and the blank group received normal saline， once per day for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed and the abdominal aortic blood was taken. The levels of serum endothelin-1 （ET-1） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in vascular endothelial tissues. The ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells was observed by the transmission electron microscope. The viability of vascular endothelial cells was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide （MTT） method，and the release level of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） was detected by the LDH kit. The messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） expression of platelet-activating factor （PAF），nuclear transcription factor κB （NF-κB），Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 （Rac1）， and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 （Rac2） in vascular endothelial tissues were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression of PAF，NF-κB，Rac1， and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues was detected by Western blot. ResultThe model group showed seriously damaged and swollen vascular endothelial cells with massive shedding， attachment of massive inflammatory cells， nucleus pyknosis and deformation under the electron microscope， highly swollen mitochondria， serious cytoplasmic vacuolation，and exposure of internal elastic membrane. The damage of vascular endothelium and its ultrastructure in Qihong Tongluo prescription groups and the aspirin group was improved in varying degrees. Compared with the blank group，the model group showed increased levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6，potentiated vascular endothelial cell viability， up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of PAF，NF-κB，Rac1， and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues，and decreased LDH release level of vascular endothelial cells （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the aspirin group and the Qihong Tongluo prescription groups showed decreased levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6，blunted vascular endothelial cell viability，down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of PAF，NF-κB，Rac1， and Rac2 in vascular endothelial tissues，and increased LDH release level of vascular endothelial cells （P<0.05）. The effect of Qihong Tongluo prescription was dose-dependent. ConclusionQihong Tongluo prescription has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells of DVT rats and can prevent and treat thrombosis，and its therapeutic effect is presumably achieved by inhibiting the expression of PAF，NF-κB，Rac1，and Rac2 and reducing the levels of serum ET-1 and IL-6.

Objective:To assess rapid on-line evaluation (ROLE) of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic masses.Methods:Data of patients with solid pancreatic masses who underwent EUS-FNA in Peking University First Hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the ROLE group and the control group. The number of FNA passes in ROLE group was decided by the cytopathologist based on the number of pancreatic tissue cells or heteromorphic cells obtained, while that in the control group was decided by the endoscopy physician according to the visual observation of tissue strips. The cytological and histological diagnosis of EUS-FNA specimen were made by another cytopathologist. The gold standard for final diagnosis was based on the histological diagnosis of surgically resected specimens. For patients who did not undergo surgical treatment, the final diagnosis was made based on the clinical course, imaging, tumor markers and feedback on treatment. The diagnostic yield, the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, FNA passes, puncture time and adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 87 patients were enrolled, 51 in the ROLE group and 36 in the control group. The diagnostic yield of the ROLE group was higher than that of the control group without significant difference [98.0% (50/51) VS 86.1%(31/36), P=0.078]. The number of FNA passes in the ROLE group was significantly less than that in the control group (median 2 VS 3, P<0.001). No significant difference in mean FNA puncture time was found between the ROLE group and the control group (19.4 min VS 18.5 min, P=0.089). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the diagnostic yield, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value or the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion:ROLE of EUS-FNA for pancreatic solid tumor may improve tissue acquisition for puncture, reduce the number of FNA passes, and may not significantly increase the procedure time and risk of puncture.

Objective:To study the survival outcomes in patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus sorafenib alone.Methods:The data of 92 patients with BCLC stage C HCC at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute& Hospital from January 2008 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied. There were 82 males and 10 females. The average age was 56.3 years. Classified according to whether there were vascular invasion and/or distant metastasis, patients were divided into the vascular invasion group ( n=24), the metastasis group ( n=48), and the vascular invasion combined with metastasis group ( n=20). All patients were treated with sorafenib, but some patients received combined treatment with TACE. The survival data of these patients on follow-up was collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the survival rates were compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to determine the prognostic factors of patients’ survival. Results:There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical data among the three groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pre-treatment alpha fetal protein >20 μg/L ( HR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.13-3.12), alkaline phosphatase >125 U/L ( HR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49) and sorafenib alone ( HR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.23-3.54) were independent risk factors of survival for these patients. There were no significant differences in the cumulative survival rates among the three groups ( P>0.05). In the vascular invasion group, the cumulative survival rates of patients treated with combined sorafenib and TACE ( n=4) were significantly higher than those treated with sorafenib alone ( n=20) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with sorafenib alone, sorafenib combined with TACE resulted in better prognosis for patients with BCLC stage C HCC. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with vascular invasion had significantly better survival treated with combined sorafenib and TACE than sorafenib alone.

Objective:To construct a prognosis associated micro RNA(miRNA) prediction model based on bioinformatics analysis and evaluate its application value in pancreatic cancer patients.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 171 pancreatic cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (https: //cancergenome.nih.gov/) between establishment of database and September 2017 were collected. There were 93 males and 78 females, aged from 35 to 88 years, with a median age of 65 years. Of the 171 patients, 64 had complete clinicopathological data. Patients were allocated into training dataset consisting of 123 patients and validation dataset consisting of 48 patients using the random sampling method, with a ratio of 7∶3. The training dataset was used to construct a prediction model, and the validation dataset was used to evaluate performance of the prediction model. Nine pairs of miRNA sequencing data (GSE41372) of pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The candidate miRNAs were selected from differentially expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues for LASSO-COX regression analysis based on the patients of training dataset. A prognosis associated miRNA prediction model was constructed upon survival associated miRNAs which were selected from candidate differentially expressed miRNAs. The performance of prognosis associated miRNA prediction model was validated in training dataset and validation dataset, the accuracy of model was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves and the efficiency was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index). Observation indicarors: (1) survival of patients; (2) screening results of differentially expressed miRNAs; (3) construction of prognosis associated miRNA model; (4) validation of prognosis associated miRNA model; (5) comparison of clinicopathological factors in pancreatic cancer patients; (6) analysis of factors for prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients; (7) comparison of prediction performance between prognosis associated miRNA model and the eighth edition TNM staging. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, comparison between groups was analyzed by the student- t test, and comparison between multiple groups was analyzed by the AVONA. Measurement data with skewed data were represented as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Ordinal data were analyzed using the rank sum test. Correlation analysis was conducted based on count data to mine the correlation between prognosis associated miRNA model and clinicopathological factors. COX univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were applied to evaluate correlation with the results described as hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI). HR<1 indicated the factor as a protective factor, HR>1 indicated the factor as a risk factor, and HR equal to 1 indicated no influence on survival. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve and calculate survival rates, and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Survival of patients: 123 patients in the training dataset were followed up for 31-2 141 days, with a median follow-up time of 449 days. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 16.67% and 8.06%. Forty-eight patients in the validation dataset were followed up for 41-2 182 days, with a median follow-up time of 457 days. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 15.63% and 9.68%. There was no significant difference in the 3- or 5-year survival rates between the two groups ( χ2=0.017, 0.068, P>0.05). (2) Screening results of differentially expressed miRNAs. Results of bioinformatics analysis showed that 102 candidate differentially expressed miRNAs were selected, of which 63 were up-regulated in tumor tissues while 39 were down-regulated. (3) Construction of prognosis associated miRNA model: of the 102 candidate differentially expressed miRNAs, 5 survival associated miRNAs were selected, including miR-21, miR-125a-5p, miR-744, miR-374b, miR-664. The differential expression patterns of pancreatic cancer to adjacent tissues were up-regulation, up-regulation, down-regulation, up-regulation, and down-regulation, respectively, with the fold change of 4.00, 3.43, 3.85, 2.62, and 2.35. A prognostic expression equation constructed based on 5 survival associated miRNAs = 0.454×miR-21 expression level-0.492×miR-125a-5p expression level-0.49×miR-744 expression level-0.419×miR-374b expression level-0.036×miR-664 expression level. (4) Validation of prognosis associated miRNA model: The C-index of prognosis associated miRNA model was 0.643 and 0.642 for the training dataset and validation dataset, respectively. (5) Comparison of clinicopathological factors in pancreatic cancer patients: results of COX analysis showed that the prognosis associated miRNA model was highly related with pathological T stage and location of pancreatic cancer ( Z=45.481, χ2=10.176, P<0.05). (6) Analysis of factors for prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients: results of univariate analysis showed that pathological N stage, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, score of prognosis associated miRNA model were related factors for prognosis pf pancreatic cancer patients ( HR=2.471, 0.290, 0.172, 2.001, 95% CI: 1.012-6.032, 0.101-0.833, 0.082-0.364, 1.371-2.922, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that molecular targeted therapy was an independent protective factor for prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients ( HR=0.261, 95% CI: 0.116-0.588, P<0.05) and score of prognosis associated miRNA model≥1.16 was an independent risk factor for prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients ( HR=1.608, 95% CI: 1.091-2.369, P<0.05). (7) Comparison of prediction performance between prognosis associated miRNA model and the eighth edition TNM staging: in the training dataset, there was a significant difference in the prediction probability for 3- and 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer patients between prognosis associated miRNA model and the eighth edition TNM staging ( Z=-1.671, -1.867, P<0.05). The AUC of the prognosis associated miRNA model and the eight edition TNM staging for 3- and 5-year survival prediction was 0.797, 0.935 and 0.737 , 0.703, with the 95% CI of 0.622-0.972, 0.828-1.042 and 0.571-0.904 , 0.456-0.951. The C-index was 0.643 and 0.534. In the validation dataset, there was a significant difference in the prediction probability for 3- and 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer patients between prognosis associated miRNA model and the eighth edition TNM staging ( Z=-1.729, -1.923, P<0.05). The AUC of the prognosis associated miRNA model and the eight edition TNM staging was 0.750, 0.873 and 0.721 , 0.703, with the 95% CI of 0.553-0.948, 0.720-1.025 and 0.553-0.889, 0.456-0.950, respectively. The C-index was 0.642 and 0.544. Conclusions:A prognosis associated miRNA prediction model can be constructed based on 5 survival associated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer patients, as a complementation to current TNM staging and other clinicopathological parameters, which provides individual and accurate prediction of survival for reference in the clinical treatment.