Traditional Chinese medicine has a long-standing understanding of the brain;however,the theoretical foundation and treatment approach for diseases related to the brain have not been systematically organized and studied. The three treasures of essence,qi,and spirit are closely associated with the brain in humans. Based on this theory,this study explored the relationship between essence,qi,spirit,and the brain,with the intention that "the brain is the official position of gathering essence,qi,spirit,and in charge of mental activity". It investigated the theoretical implications of the brain,stating that "essence" forms the material basis of the brain's structure,"qi" is fundamental for brain function,and the "conscious spirit" corresponds to the state of the brain,residing in the heart,serving as the external manifestation of the brain,governing aspects like thoughts,consciousness,and emotions. The "primordial spirit" is the axis of the brain,which is rooted in the brain and serves as the internal core of the brain,thereby governing and regulating the central activities of human life. Essence,qi,mental activity,and primordial spirit mutually support and depend on each other,collectively maintaining the function of the brain governing the mental activity. The primordial spirit,which the brain governs,regulating and controlling the essence,qi,and couscious spirit is a specific manifestation of physiological and psychological activities in the human body. This study provides treatment strategies for clinical brainrelated disorders under the theoretical guidance that "the brain is the official position for gathering essence,qi,and spirit,and is in charge of mental activity". These strategies include " nourishing essence and marrow,supplementing qi to ascend clear,and nurturing nourishment and enriching the spirit". This study aims to contribute to the innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine theories.

Background::While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods::We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DM adjBMI]: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 180,834/1,159,055). Results::Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD (T2DM→CAD: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–2.24; CAD→T2DM: HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.63–1.81). A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed ( rg = 0.39, P = 1.43 × 10 -75), which was largely independent of BMI (T2DM adjBMI–CAD: rg = 0.31, P = 1.20 × 10 –36). This was corroborated by six local signals, among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→CAD: odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18), which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals (T2DM→CAD: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, with mediation proportions of 54.1% (95% CI: 24.9-83.4%) and 90.4% (95% CI: 29.3-151.5%), respectively. Conclusion::Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Abtract Objective:To establish a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy,and to determine the content of aluminum in the hemofiltration base solution.Methods:The standard addition method of atomic absorption of graphite furnace was used to add matrix modifier to determine the content of aluminum.Results:Aluminum has a good linear relationship in the range of 0-20 μg·L-1,r=0.998;The detection limit concentration was 0.91 μg·L-1.The average recovery rate was 96.5％.The results of the three batches were 3.299,1.232 and 2.431 μg·L-1,respectively.Conclution:This method can effectively measure the content of aluminum in hemofiltration base solution products,and control the raw materials,production and packaging of products that may introduce pollution pathways.It is recommended that enterprises pay attention to the detection of aluminum content in the on hemofil-tration base solution to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure the quality of products.

Objective:To learn about the implementation of prevention and control measures in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas and the trend of the disease change in Jiangsu Province.Methods:In March to October 2021, a general survey was carried out in 1 972 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in 27 counties (cities and districts) of Jiangsu Province, the operation of water improvement projects in the villages was monitored, and the water fluoride content was determined. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in all the villages was investigated.Results:The 1 972 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis had completed water improvement, and all water improvement projects were operating normally and the water was qualified. Among them, 1 774 villages in the disease affected areas had achieved the control goal, accounting for 89.96%; and there were 198 villages in the disease affected areas with control measures up to the standard, accounting for 10.04%. A total of 47 water improvement projects were monitored, including 2 small-scale water improvement projects, accounting for 4.26%. There were 45 large-scale water improvement projects, accounting for 95.74%. A total of 125 790 children aged 8 to 12 years were examined, and 12 625 cases of dental fluorosis were detected. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 10.04%, and the dental fluorosis index was 0.19. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years was 9.98% (1 854/18 579), 10.27% (2 704/26 323), 9.48% (2 765/29 152), 9.73% (2 835/29 145) and 10.92% (2 467/22 591), respectively, with statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 10.51, P = 0.015). Among the 198 villages with control measures up to standard, according to the historical water fluoride, the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in each water fluoride range (1.20-2.00, 2.01-3.00, 3.01-4.00, > 4.00 mg/L) was 37.73% (698/1 850), 43.17% (1 176/2 724), 45.50% (769/1 690) and 55.20% (802/1 453), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 104.15, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The water improvement measures in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Jiangsu Province have achieved significant results, which still need to be further consolidated.

Objective:To dynamically observe the changes in iodine level in residents' drinking water after the change of regional water supply mode (2020) in Jiangsu Province.Methods:The survey of water iodine level was conducted from June to October 2020 in administrative villages of Jiangsu Province with a median water iodine ≥40 μg/L in 2017. The survey mainly covered 1 537 administrative villages in 21 counties (cities and districts) of 5 cities, including Huaian City, Lianyungang City, Suqian City, Yancheng City, and Xuzhou City. Based on the standard of "Definition and Demarcation of Iodine Deficient Areas and Iodine Adequate Areas" (WS/T 669-2020), the administrative villages with a median water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L were classified as iodine adequate areas. Water iodine testing was conducted using the "Method for Water Iodine Testing in Iodine Deficient and High Iodine Areas" recommended by the National Reference Laboratory for Iodine Deficiency Disorders.Results:Totally 1 498 administrative villages in Jiangsu Province were monitored in 2020, all of which had centralized water supply. The minimum value of water iodine in all administrative villages was 1.2 μg/L and the maximum value was 606.7 μg/L, and the median water iodine was 35.2 μg/L. Among them, 206 administrative villages had median water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 13.75% (206/1 498); 610 administrative villages had median water iodine from 10 to < 40 μg/L, accounting for 40.72% (610/1 498); 635 administrative villages had median water iodine from 40 to 100 μg/L, accounting for 42.39% (635/1 498); and 47 administrative villages with median water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 3.14% (47/1 498). Except for Sucheng District in Suqian City, Xinyi City and Gulou District in Xuzhou City, Qingjiangpu District and Xuyi County in Huaian City, and Guannan County in Lianyungang City, the median water iodine in the administrative villages of the remaining 15 counties (cities and districts) in 2020 decreased significantly compared to 2017, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:After change of regional water supply mode in 2020, in most monitored counties (cities and districts) of Jiangsu Province, the water iodine level of administrative villages has decreased significantly compared to 2017.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used synthetic polyester. It poses serious threat to terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems and human health since it is difficult to be broken down and deposited in the environment. The biodegradation based on enzymatic catalysis offers a sustainable method for recycling PET. A number of PET hydrolases have been discovered in the last 20 years, and protein engineering has increased their degradation capabilities. However, no PET hydrolases that are practical for widespread industrial use have been identified. Screening of PET hydrolase using conventional detection techniques is laborious and inefficient process. Effective detection techniques are required to promote the commercialization of PET hydrolases. Using efficient detection techniques to screen potent industrial enzymes is essential for supporting the widespread industrial implementation of PET hydrolases. To define PET hydrolase, scientists have created a number of analytical techniques recently. The detection techniques that can be used to screen PET hydrolase, including high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet absorption spectrometric, and fluorescence activated droplet sorting method, are summarized in this study along with their potential applications.
Humans ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Ecosystem ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Catalysis ; Hydrolases

Objective:To analyze the iodine nutrition status of key populations in water source high iodine areas in Jiangsu Province, providing a reference for scientific prevention and control of water source high iodine hazards.Methods:From May to June 2020, monitoring sites were determined by administrative villages in six high iodine counties (cities, districts) in Jiangsu Province, and drinking water samples were collected from residents to detect the iodine content in the water; 40 non boarding children aged 8 - 10 from one primary school in each village (half male and half female, with an age balance) and 20 pregnant women were selected. Salt samples were taken from children and pregnant women's homes, and urine samples were randomly taken once to detect salt and urine iodine contents. Thyroid volume of children was examined.Results:A total of 36 administrative villages were monitored, with a median of 45.3 μg/L for water iodine, ranging from 8.5 - 372.1 μg/L. A total of 1 422 salt samples were collected, of which 26 were iodized salt, accounting for 1.83%; and 1 396 non iodized salt, with the coverage rate of non iodized salt was 98.17%. A total of 1 365 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urine iodine of 405.6 μg/L. There were statistically significant differences in urine iodine levels among children in different regions, drinking water iodine contents, and age groups ( H = 128.39, 67.81, 39.94, P < 0.001). A total of 57 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urine iodine of 282.0 μg/L. There were statistically significant differences in urine iodine levels among pregnant women in different regions and drinking water iodine contents groups ( H = 17.54, 18.39, P < 0.001). A total of 1 365 children's thyroid volumes were examined, and 44 cases of thyroid enlargement were detected, with a goiter rate of 3.22%. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of thyroid enlargement among children in different regions, drinking water iodine contents, salt types, gender, and age groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in water source high iodine areas in Jiangsu Province is at an iodine excess level, while the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is at an over optimal level. In areas with high iodine content in water sources, the iodine content in drinking water has a significant impact on the iodine intake of the local population. There is currently no correlation between the iodine content in drinking water, salt type, gender, and age factors and thyroid enlargement in children.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in assessing the degree of transplant renal artery stenosis(TRAS)and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy of severe TRAS.Methods:From February 2013 to February 2022, clinical and follow-up data are retrospectively reviewed for 23 TRAS recipients.A definite diagnosis is made by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA, 2 cases)or digital subtraction angiography(DSA, 21 cases). They are assigned into two groups of mild-moderate stenosis(5 cases)and severe stenosis(18 cases)according to the diameter reduction rate of transplanted renal artery detected by DSA/MRA.Another 32 recipients of stable renal function are selected as controls.All contrast-enhanced ultrasonic images are quantitatively processed with SonoLiver.The following quantitative parameters are obtained, including rising time of interlobular artery(RTi), rising time of cortex(RTc), rising time of medulla(RTm), time to peak of interlobular artery(TTPi), time to peak of cortex(TTPc)and time to peak of medulla(TTPm). The differences of contrast-enhanced ultrasonic quantitative parameters are compared among three groups.And their diagnostic efficacies are calculated in the diagnosis of severe TRAS.Results:As compared with those in normal group, RTi, RTc, TTPi and TTPc are significantly longer in mild-moderate stenosis group(all P<0.05); Meanwhile, RTi, RTc, RTm, TTPi, TTPc and TTPm are significantly longer in severe stenosis group than those in normal group(all P<0.05); Comparing mild-moderate stenosis and severe stenosis groups, only RTm is significantly different between two groups( P<0.05). Among all the above parameters, RTc has the highest diagnostic efficacy in the diagnosis of severe TRAS(AUC=0.848)with a sensitivity of 72.22%, a specificity of 86.49% and an accuracy of 81.82%. Conclusions:The quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound offer aid in assessing the degree of TRAS.And RTc is the most valuable in the diagnosis of severe TRAS.

Objective:To explore the function of temperature difference stimulation oral nursing for the patients with mild to moderate dysphagia after oral cancer operation.Methods:A total of 64 patients with mild to moderate dysphagia after oral cancer surgery admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method, and divided into control group ( n=32) and observation group ( n=32) according to random number table method. The grouping method was random number table method. The control group was treated with traditional ice-water stimulation rehabilitation training, and the observation group was treated with temperature difference stimulation oral care. The degree of dysphagia, nutritional status, postoperative complications and quality of life were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results:After the intervention, the degree of dysphagia in the observation group (water swallow test) fromⅠto Ⅳ degree were 2, 11, 13 and 6 cases, while in the control group were 9, 17, 4 and 2 cases, the difference was significant ( Z=-3.41, P<0.05). After the intervention, the serum albumin of the observation group was (38.74 ± 4.87) g/L, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (35.81 ± 5.14) g/L. there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.34, P<0.05). After the intervention, the self scores of chewing, swallowing, anxiety, emotion and quality of life in the Chinese version of the University of Washington quality of life scale in the observation group were 70.28 ± 10.39, 68.20 ± 9.43, 72.39 ± 12.28, 65.30 ± 15.33 and 78.05 ± 9.47, which were significantly higher than those in the control group 64.29 ± 9.26, 61.42 ± 12.38, 64.50 ± 10.43, 58.08 ± 11.62 and 72.92 ± 10.40, The difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.06-2.77, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Oral nursing with temperature difference stimulation can effectively improve the swallowing disorder of patients after oral cancer surgery, reduce the incidence of aspiration and malnutrition, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective:To analyze the detection rate of thyroid nodules and goiter in school-age children in different water iodine regions and investigate the difference of thyroid nodule and goiter in school-age children with different age, gender and body mass index (BMI) in Jiangsu Province.Methods:In 2017, three villages with water iodine values of 8.1, 51.2 and 115.4 μg/L (iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group) were selected as survey sites in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, where the supply of iodized salt was suspended. One primary school was selected from each village, and children aged 8 to 10 years old (age balance, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school as the survey subjects. Urine sample were collected, urinary iodine level was determined, height and weight were measured, and neck B ultrasound was performed.Results:A total of 131, 140 and 138 school-age children aged 8 to 10 years old were investigated in the iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group, respectively, with a total of 409 children. The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 6.9% (9/131), 15.0% (21/140) and 16.7% (23/138), respectively, and the detection rates of goiter were 1.5% (2/131), 1.4% (2/140) and 6.5% (9/138) in the three groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of thyroid nodules and goiter in different water iodine groups (χ 2 = 6.92, 6.37, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules in different age groups were 9.5% (12/126), 11.3% (16/142) and 17.7% (25/141), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.05, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 11.6% (24/207), 14.4% (29/202), and 12.5% (39/313), 16.9% (14/83), 0/9 and 0/4 in the subjects of different gender and BMI, the differences were not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.69, P > 0.05). The detection rates of goiter in the subjects of different gender, age and BMI were 1.4% (3/207), 5.0% (10/202); 2.4% (3/126), 6.3% (9/142), 0.7% (1/141); 1.6% (3/313), 4.8% (4/83), 3/9 and 1/4. The differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.07, 7.66, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The detection rate of thyroid nodules in school-age children in different water iodine regions in Jiangsu Province may have a certain relationship with age, and the detection rate of goiter may have a certain relationship with age, gender and BMI.