Objective: To investigate the situation and influencing factors of school bullying experienced by primary and middle school students, so as to provide the basis for formulating school bullying intervention measures and promoting students' physical and mental health development. Methods: All the counties (cities, districts) in Zhejiang Province were stratified to urban and suburban areas, primary, junior high and senior high school students were selected using a stratified cluster sampling method. Basic information, lifestyle and school bullying were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting school bullying experienced by primary and middle school students were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 137 846 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.17%. There were 72 526 males (52.61%) and 65 320 females (47.39%). There were 47 561 primary school students (34.50%), 47 701 junior high school students (34.61%) and 42 584 senior high school students (30.89%). A total of 3 987 students suffered from school bullying, accounting for 2.89%. The proportions of being maliciously teased, being intentionally excluded from group activities/isolated, being teased about physical defects or appearance, being hit/kicked/pushed/shoved/locked in a room, being threatened, and being extorted for money were 2.04%, 1.18%, 1.11%, 0.86%, 0.84% and 0.83%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the students who were males (OR=1.122, 95%CI: 1.048-1.202), lived in suburban areas (OR=1.322, 95%CI: 1.233-1.418), lived in areas with medium (OR=1.086, 95%CI: 1.006-1.173) or underdeveloped (OR=1.298, 95%CI: 1.191-1.415) economic level, had higher academic levels (junior high school, OR=1.380, 95%CI: 1.270-1.499; senior high school, OR=1.210, 95%CI: 1.083-1.351), lived on campus (OR=1.489, 95%CI: 1.372-1.616), engaged in fights (OR=6.029, 95%CI: 5.585-6.509), attempted to smoke (OR=1.320, 95%CI: 1.128-1.545), drank (OR=1.735, 95%CI: 1.575-1.912), were scolded and beaten by parents (OR=1.972, 95%CI: 1.822-2.135) and were obese (OR=1.240, 95%CI: 1.132-1.360) were more likely to experience school bullying. Conclusion The harm of school bullying to the physical and mental health of primary and middle school students should be taken seriously, and active policy measures should be adopted to strengthen intervention.

Glioblastoma(GBM)stands as one of the most aggressive brain tumors,and its pharmacological therapy is severely limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Nose-to-brain drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach for directly targeting the central nervous system(CNS)by circumventing the BBB.The nasal cavity is anatomically partitioned into the vestibular,olfactory,and respiratory regions.Nanomedicines can efficiently transport to the CNS through the olfactory pathway of the olfactory region and the trigeminal nerve pathway of the respiratory region.In recent years,nanodelivery platforms in nasal administration for treating GBM have garnered widespread attention,primarily involving polymers,liposomes,inorganic metal nanoparticles,and so on.The advancement of these technologies presents novel avenues and selections for overcoming the BBB,enhancing drug delivery efficacy,and improving the prognosis of GBM patients.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided spinal nerve block (SNB) and paraverteral nerve block (PVB) in treating postherpetic neuralgia.Methods:A total of 52 patients with postherpetic neuralgia who visited the Pain Clinic of the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from February 2020 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into an ultrasound-guided SNB group and a PVB group using a random number table method, with 26 patients in each group. Patients in the SNB group received ultrasound-guided spinal nerve block therapy; The PVB group received ultrasound-guided paraverteral nerve block treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores, and total effective rate were observed in two groups of patients before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, 1 month after treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Complications during treatment were also observed.Results:The total effective rates of SNB group patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those of PVB group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores of both groups of patients at each time point were significantly reduced compared to before treatment (all P<0.05); The VAS scores of patients in the SNB group were lower than those in the PVB group at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores between SNB and PVB groups before nerve block treatment (all P>0.05). The MCS and PCS scores of the two groups of patients were significantly higher than before treatment at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment (all P<0.05). The MCS scores of the SNB group were significantly higher than those of the PVB group at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment (all P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in PCS scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). Both groups of patients did not experience any serious complications related to the treatment in this study during the follow-up period. Conclusions:Both ultrasound-guided spinal nerve block and paraverteral nerve block can safely and effectively treat postherpetic neuralgia. The clinical effect of ultrasound-guided spinal nerve block in treating postherpetic neuralgia is better than that of paraverteral nerve block.

Objective:Analysis of surgical strategies for atrial functional mitral regurgitation with atrial fibrillation.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 112 patients with mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation between June 2017 and January 2023. Among them, 56 cases were severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation with atrial fibrillation, and the other 56 cases were degenerative mitral regurgitation with atrial fibrillation. All patients underwent maze Ⅳ procedure and mitral valve surgery. Follow up will be conducted through outpatient follow-up and telephone calls. The condition of postoperative mitral valve is obtained through echo. The postoperative cardiac rhythm is based on the patient's conscious symptoms, electrocardiogram, 24 hour dynamic electrocardiogram.Results:The comparison of preoperative basic data shows that the age, duration of atrial fibrillation, and comorbidity of patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation are significantly higher than those in the degenerative mitral regurgitation group. All patients successfully completed the surgery. Postoperative death occurred in 2 cases in the atrial mitral regurgitation group. The causes of death were ARDS and pulmonary infection, respectively. The main postoperative complications include bleeding, low cardiac output, pulmonary infection, and acute kidney injury. During follow-up, 43 patients (79.6%) in the atrial mitral regurgitation group maintained sinus rhythm, while 49 patients (87.5%) in the degenerative group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the Kaplan- Meier curves. In the atrial mitral regurgitation group, there were 47 cases with no mitral regurgitation, 4 cases with mild regurgitation, and 1 case with moderate regurgitation. In the degenerative group, there were 42 cases with no mitral regurgitation, 6 cases with mild regurgitation, 1 case with moderate regurgitation, and 1 case with severe regurgitation. The risk for atrial fibrillation recurrence in the atrial mitral regurgitation is related to postoperative left atrial diameter greater than 50 mm, while in the degenerative group, atrial fibrillation recurrence is related to postoperative left atrial diameter greater than 50 mm and residual mitral regurgitation. Conclusion:Mitral valve repair combined with maze Ⅳ procedure is an effective treatment for patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation. Further improving the success rate of atrial fibrillation and reducing surgical trauma will benefit patients in the future.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the CT images of a lateral condylar tibial plateau fractures and complete medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury.Methods:Data of 59 patients with lateral condylar fracture of tibial plateau complicated with MCL injury admitted to Tianjin Hospital from January 2020 to November 2021 were collected, including 32 males and 27 females, aged 42.4±12.3 years (range, 19-65 years), there were 26 cases of extension injury and 33 cases of flexion injury. The patients were separated into two groups: those with partial MCL injury and those with total rupture based on preoperative MR examination and intraoperative valgus stress test following fracture fixation. According to the ABC fracture classification of lateral condyle tibial plateau proposed by Sun et al., the fracture locations were determined on CT images, and the lateral plateau collapse depth (LPD) was measured. The relationship between LPD and MCL complete rupture was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Among 59 patients with lateral condylar tibial plateau fracture and MCL injury, 42 had partial injuries and 17 had complete ruptures. According to the ABC fracture classification, there were 26 cases of extension injury (involving area A), 21 cases of AB type, and 5 cases of ABC type; and 33 cases of flexion type injury, 19 cases of B type, 12 cases of BC type, and 2 cases of C type. All the 17 cases of MCL complete fracture occurred in extension injury, including type AB (14 cases) and type ABC (3 cases). The difference between the mean LPDs of the MCL full rupture group and the partial injury group was not statistically significant ( t=0.11, P=0.567), and the mean LPDs of both groups were 11.7±5.3 mm (range, 4.3-28.1 mm) and 11.5±4.8 mm (range, 3.8-23.6 mm), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve analysis was 0.504, and there was no statistical correlation between lateral platform collapse depth and MCL injury. Among the 26 patients with extensional injury area, MCL was completely ruptures in 17 cases and partially injury in 9 cases, LPD was 11.7±5.3 mm (range, 4.3-28.1 mm) and 6.6±1.8 mm (range, 3.8-9.4 mm), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.57, P=0.009). The best predictive cut-off value of LPD was 7.25 mm, the sensitivity was 88.2%, the specificity was 77.8%, and the AUC was 0.868. Conclusion:When the lateral condyle fracture of the tibial plateau is located in the extensional injury area (involving the A area in the ABC fracture classification) and the LPD measured on the CT image is greater than 7.25 mm, the complete rupture of the MCL should be considered. Clinical MCL repair is required after the fracture fixation surgery for improved surgical outcomes.

Objective:To study the influence of Mei mini maze procedure for atrial functional mitral regurgitation.Methods:The data of 33 patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial functional mitral regurgitation from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received Mei mini maze procedure for atrial fibrillation. The procedure is carried out thoracoscopically through the left thoracic approach. The ablation of atrial fibrillation includes bilateral circumferential pulmonary vein ablation, isolation of the left atrium posterior wall, left atrial appendage resection, ablation of Marshall's ligament and autonomic ganglion, etc. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient follow-up and telephone. Postoperative heart rhythm was recorded by the patient's symptoms, electrocardiogram, 24 h holter and other examinations. Postoperative mitral valve lesions were obtained by echocardiography.Results:33 patients successfully completed the operation. There was no conversion to thoracotomy and no perioperative death. Thirty patients(90.9%) maintained sinus rhythm at discharge. Before discharge, 16 patients had no mitral regurgitation in echocardiography, 8 patients had mild mitral regurgitation, and 9 patients had moderate mitral regurgitation. Follow-up was 1-4 years after discharge, with a mean of(2.6±1.1) years. Sinus rhythm was maintained in 23 patients(69.7%). 17 patients had no mitral regurgitation, 9 had mild mitral regurgitation, 6 had moderate, and 1 had severe mitral regurgitation. The degree of regurgitation in 25 patients was reduced compared with pre-operation, 5 patients remained unchanged, and 3 patients mitral regurgitation aggravated. Unreduced atrial functional mitral regurgitation was associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation by Cox multivariate analysis.Conclusion:This study found a close relationship between atrial fibrillation rhythm and atrial functional mitral regurgitation. Most moderate atrial functional mitral regurgitation can be alleviated by effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. It is not recommended that patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation only receive treatment for atrial fibrillation.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on AAV patients with long-term follow-up in the rheumatology outpatient clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February 2015 and February 2022. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, concurrent events, treatment, and prognosis of the three clinical subtypes of AAV were collected and analyzed.Results:There were 71, 45, and 31 cases of granulomatous polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA), respectively, among 147 patients. The ANCA positivity rates in the three groups were 91.5%, 95.6%, and 19.4% ( χ2=76.68, P<0.01), respectively. The upper respiratory tract and lungs were the most frequently affected organs in GPA and EGPA, and the kidneys and lower respiratory tract were the main organs involved in MPA. In addition, cardiac and neurological involvement and thrombosis rates were significantly higher in EGPA patients than in GPA and MPA (12.9%, 9.7%, 41.9% and 19.4%, respectively; χ2=8.51、7.13、7.54、0.02, P<0.05) .The median follow-up time for the three groups of patients was 43, 28, and 46 months respectively.Relapse was more common in patients with GPA and EGPA (up to 59.2% and 64.5%; χ2=11.26, P=0.004), with the lungs and ENT being the most common relapse organs (GPA of 61.9% and 40.5%, EGPA of 55.0% and 50.0%), the lungs and kidneys were the most common manifestations in MPA relapse (64.3% and 60.0%, respectively). The main therapeutic agents were glucocortoid (95.9%), cyclophosphamide (71.4%), methotrexate (54.4%), tripterygium wilfordiz (34.0%),mycophenolate mofetil (31.3%), azathioprine (29.3%), leflunomide (19.0%), rituximab (19.0%), and tacrolimus/cyclosporine (8.8%). There were 6 deaths (4.1%) occurred during the follow-up period of this study. Conclusion:The clinical features of AAV are similar to those reported in the literature and relapses are common>he vast majority of patients need to be treated with glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive agents.

Pain caused by surgery is an important clinical issue that seriously affects postoperative rehabilitation and health-related quality of life. Failure to effectively manage postoperative pain not only leads to a decrease in patient quality of life, increases medical expenses, but also has a negative impact on patient recovery. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to address the challenges of acute postoperative pain management, find effective management strategies, and improve the quality of pain management. This article summarizes the current status of acute postoperative pain management in recent years, including the mechanism of pain occurrence, pain assessment methods, drug and non drug management strategies, and predictive factors for chronic postoperative pain. It also looks forward to future research directions and application prospects.

Traditional Chinese medicine injections for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs was summarized, including Shengmai injection, Shenmai injection, Shenfu injection, Shenqi Fuzheng injection, Kangai injection, Huangqi injection, Xinmailong injection, Danhong injection, Danshen injection, Honghua injection, Kushen injection, Cinobufacin injection and Yinxingdamo injection. The mechanism of effect mainly includes inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of calcium overload and anti-cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which provides the basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity of antitumor drugs by traditional Chinese medicine.

New threats posed by the emerging circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need to find conserved neutralizing epitopes for therapeutic antibodies and efficient vaccine design. Here, we identified a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding antibody, XG014, which potently neutralizes β-coronavirus lineage B (β-CoV-B), including SARS-CoV-2, its circulating variants, SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoV WIV1. Interestingly, antibody family members competing with XG014 binding show reduced levels of cross-reactivity and induce antibody-dependent SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, suggesting a unique mode of recognition by XG014. Structural analyses reveal that XG014 recognizes a conserved epitope outside the ACE2 binding site and completely locks RBD in the non-functional "down" conformation, while its family member XG005 directly competes with ACE2 binding and position the RBD "up". Single administration of XG014 is effective in protection against and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. Our findings suggest the potential to develop XG014 as pan-β-CoV-B therapeutics and the importance of the XG014 conserved antigenic epitope for designing broadly protective vaccines against β-CoV-B and newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Epitopes ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics*