Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model of sodium chloride content in Halitum of traditional Chinese medicine by using X-ray diffraction technology and machine learning algorithm.Methods:The data of X-ray diffraction patterns of 90 batches of Halitum samples were collected,and the rapid prediction models of X-ray diffraction were constructed by using partial least squares(PLS),support vector regression(SVR)long short-term memory(LSTM)according to the reference values determined by the content determination method of Halitum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.Results:The data preprocessed by multivariate scatter correction(MSC)and selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS)were better in PLS model and LSTM model.The data pretreated by standard normal transformation(SNV)and selected by CARS feature variable perform well in SVR.Conclusion:The three models show good prediction potential,which shows that the combination of X-ray diffraction technology and machine learning algorithm is feasible for accurate prediction of the content of Halitum in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model of sodium chloride content in Halitum of traditional Chinese medicine by using X-ray diffraction technology and machine learning algorithm.Methods:The data of X-ray diffraction patterns of 90 batches of Halitum samples were collected,and the rapid prediction models of X-ray diffraction were constructed by using partial least squares(PLS),support vector regression(SVR)long short-term memory(LSTM)according to the reference values determined by the content determination method of Halitum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.Results:The data preprocessed by multivariate scatter correction(MSC)and selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS)were better in PLS model and LSTM model.The data pretreated by standard normal transformation(SNV)and selected by CARS feature variable perform well in SVR.Conclusion:The three models show good prediction potential,which shows that the combination of X-ray diffraction technology and machine learning algorithm is feasible for accurate prediction of the content of Halitum in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

Palliative care not only embodies modern life perspectives, but also encompasses significant traditional Chinese cultural elements.The primary objective of palliative care is to alleviate patient suffering, preserve their dignity, and facilitate a peaceful passing.Traditional Chinese medicine, known for its simplicity, accessibility, affordability, and efficacy in disease prevention and treatment, adopts a holistic approach to address systemic pain through personalized treatment based on symptom differentiation.This approach aims to enhance the quality of life for terminally ill patients.To equip palliative care providers with essential clinical skills in traditional Chinese medicine, the National Center of Gerontology and Beijing Palliative Care Guidance Center collaborated with experts and scholars to develop guidelines focusing on common end-of-life symptoms.Through extensive deliberation, expert evaluation, and revisions, this guidance document was crafted as a valuable resource for palliative care practitioners, traditional Chinese medicine clinicians, and researchers in the field.

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) have long been considered the gold standard for assessing clinical efficacy. However, RCT are inappropriate for some diseases due to related ethical issues and costs, such as rare diseases that are seriously life-threatening but without adequate treatment. Using real world data (RWD) as external control for RCT could make recruitment less complicated and reduce time and cost. This paper introduces common application scenarios, data sources, study design, basic principles, and statistical methods of RWD as an external control based on the latest guidelines related to RWD and combined with our team's previous research experience. This study could provide references for scholars and sponsors who want to conduct RWD research.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for strengthening the management of drug off-label dosage in hospital. METH-ODS:PDCA cycle management was conducted to investigate the current situation of off-label dosage of Alprostadil injection (Li-po-PGE1)in endocrinology department of our hospital before Jul. 2012 in the Plan stage,identify problems,find reasons and devel-op intervention objectives and measures;after intervention in Do stage,medical advices were checked periodically in Check stage, and the data in the same stage of 2013 were spot-checked in Astage stage,intervention effect was analyzed and interventional pro-cess was standardized. RESULTS:Totally 943 medical advices,including 126 cases/times were analyzed before PDCA intervention and according to the data of cases,medical advices and drug usage amount,the incidences of off-label dosage were 39.68%, 31.50% and 47.90%,respectively;after a cycle of PDCA intervention,totally 414 medical advices,including 73 cases were ana-lyzed and the incidences of off-label dosage were 0. The prescribed daily dose(PDD)was decreased from 13.15 μg to the predeter-mined range(10.00 μg)with decrease rate of 23.95%;the drug use density(DUD)was decreased from 59.82 to 20.07 with de-crease rate of 66.45%. There were significant differences in among the incidence of off-label dosage,PDD and DUD of Lipo-PGE1 (P<0.05). It reached the expected targets. CONCLUSIONS:Because of its well-organized ideas on work and continuous improve-ment methods of circulation,PDCA cycle management provides a workable avenue to manage drug off-label dosage uses in hospital.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ADC histogram obtained from MR DW imaging for stage ⅠB cervical cancer. Methods Seventy three patients diagnosed by cervical smear screening as cervical cancer without priortreatment were included prospectively in the patient group, and staged according to the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Forty three patients with uterine leiomyoma detected by gynecologic examination, ultrasonography or CT and with negative result of cervical smear screening who were scheduled for hysterectomy were included prospectively in the control group. The patients of both groups underwent routine pelvic MR sequences, dynamic contrast enhanced imaging and DWI before hysterectomy. ADC histograms of the entire tumor and cervix volume were generated by post-processing software. Features of ADC histogram for the 2 groups were observed. Histogram parameters such as mean ADC (ADCmean), median ADC (ADCmedian), the 25th percentile of ADC (ADC_25th), the 75th percentile of ADC (ADC_75th), skewness and kurtosis were recorded. Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on homogeneity of variance was employed for the comparison of
those parameters. ROC analysis was employed for assessing the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram in distinguishing the 2 groups. Results Thirty five patients in the patient group were staged as FIGO IB. Five patients in the control group ended up with pathologic findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Therefore 38 patients in the control group were investigated. ADC histograms of the patient group were mostly skewed positively, while the curves were largely skewed negatively. ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th, ADC_75th, skewness and kurtosis for the IB stage patient group were (1.10±0.21)×10-3mm2/s, (1.05±0.21)× 10-3 mm2/s, (0.90 ± 0.19) × 10-3mm2/s, (1.26 ± 0.23) × 10-3mm2/s, 0.83 (median) and 1.25 (median) respectively. ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th, ADC_75th, skewness and kurtosis for the control group were (1.62 ± 0.25)×10-3mm2/s, (1.64±0.24)×10-3mm2/s, (1.42±0.24)×10-3mm2/s, (1.84±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,-0.11(median) and 0.29 (median) respectively. All parameters showed statistically different (t values were -9.693,- 11.117, -10.255, and -9.988 for ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th and ADC_75th respectively;Z values were -6.360 and -4.445 for skewness and kurtosis respectively; P< 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that ADCmedian had the highest diagnostic accuracy for differentiating the 2 groups, with the area under the curve being 0.97, a cutoff value of 1.21×10-3mm2/s, and a sensitivity of 95.6%and a specificity of 89.3%. Conclusion ADC histogram of DWI may be valuable for diagnosing stage IB cervical cancer by distinguishing stage IB cervical cancer from normal cervix or cervical benign lesions.

OBJECTIVETo establish a new method for the identification of Schisandra sphenanthera and S. chinensis.

METHODRandom amplified polymorphic DNA-Sequence characterized applied region (RAPD-SCAR) method was applied to screen primers.

RESULTScreening from 100 primers, only 2 random primers, which can be used to identify S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis accurately with a good reproducibility. It worked to fit them into sequence characterized applied region.

CONCLUSIONRAPD-SCAR can be used to identify S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis accurately.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in renin regulation at the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). MethodsMacula densa cell line (MMDD1) was cultured on the special filter. In the medium on the apical lateral of the cells, low concentration of sodium chloride, chloride and different doses of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) were used to stimulate the PGE2 secretion. The PGE2 concentration was tested by ELISA. In the animal experiment, the response of plasma renin activity (PRA) to acute intraperitoneal administration of captopril (30 mg/kg) was determined, in conscious wild-type (WT) and cyclooxygenase COX-2-/- mice on C57BL/6 genetic backgrounds. PRA was measured in plasma obtained by tail vein puncture. Different concentrations of PGE2 were used to stimulate the renin secretion of primary cultured JGA cells from COX-2-/- mice and wild type mice. In specific Gsα gene delete mice (low renin producing mice), 24 h urine was collected to test the concentration of PGE2. The COX-2 mRNA and protein of the kidney cortex were observed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemicul staining. ResultsLow chloride could stimulate the PGE2 secretion both at the apical and basement of the macula densa cells. In COX-2-/- mice, the base PRA and were obviously lower than wild type mice. Captopril could stimulate the PRA of (COX)-2-/- mice increasing 32.8 times. But Ang Ⅱ had no effect on PGE2 secretion in macula densa cells. In primary cultured JGA cells, the decreasing renin seretion was partly recovered by PGE2 in cells from COX-2-/- mice. In low renin producing mice, the expression of COX-2 mRNA in the kidney cortex increased by (8.07±1.08) times (n=6, P=0.0022). The COX-2 protein of the kidney cortex and the urine PGE2 increased by several times. ConclusionsLow chloride is the primary stimulation messenger of PGE2 secretion in macula densa cells. The PRA in COX-2-/- mice can be stimulated by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, but the Ang Ⅱ has no direct effect on macula densa cells. When renin production is abolished in JGA cells (Gsα delete mice), COX-2 mRNA and protein up-regulation is observed in kidney cortex and macula densa. PGE2 plays an important role in regulation of renin secretion and renin release in JGA by precise feedback mechanism.