Objective:To observe the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo recipe (WYHZ) on pregnancy outcomes in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used and 240 cases of pregnancy URSA patients with spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome at the Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medial University from November 2018 to March 2022 were recruited. The patients were assigned to WYHZ group (120 cases) and control group (120 cases) based on whether accepting oral WYHZ from 3 months before pregnancy to 8-12 weeks after pregnancy regularly. Pregnancy outcomes, perinatal period outcomes and obstetric complications were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of WYHZ on pregnancy outcome.Results:The live birth rate and the clinical pregnancy rate in WYHZ group [86.67% (104/120), 90.00% (108/120)] were higher than those in control group [71.67% (86/120), P=0.004; 75.00% (90/120), P=0.002]. The early abortion rate in WYHZ group [10.08% (12/119)] was lower than that in control group [25.86% (30/116), P=0.002], the differences were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in perinatal outcome and incidence rate of obstetric complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the application of WYHZ significantly improved the live birth rate ( OR=8.818, 95% CI: 3.556-21.871, P<0.001) and sustained pregnancy rate ( OR=11.261, 95% CI: 4.262-29.751, P<0.001) in URSA patients. Conclusion:WYHZ using before and during pregnancy can significantly improve the live birth rate and the clinical pregnancy rate of URSA patients with syndrome of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, and improve their pregnancy outcomes.

The endometrial immune inflammatory microenvironment, composed of immune cells and cytokines, exhibits acute, low-grade, and transient pro-inflammatory characteristics during the embryo implantation window period. During this period, implantation capability is achieved by regulating blastocyst activation, promoting the endometrium to establish a receptive state, and mediating the positioning, adhesion, and invasion of the embryo. Abnormalities in the number and proportion of endometrial immune cells were associated with embryo implantation failure and altered characteristics of the immunoinflammatory microenvironment led to embryo implantation failure. The research progress on the mechanism of endometrial immunoinflammatory microenvironment regulating embryo implantation is now reviewed.

Objective:To observe the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo recipe (WYHZ) on pregnancy outcomes in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used and 240 cases of pregnancy URSA patients with spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome at the Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medial University from November 2018 to March 2022 were recruited. The patients were assigned to WYHZ group (120 cases) and control group (120 cases) based on whether accepting oral WYHZ from 3 months before pregnancy to 8-12 weeks after pregnancy regularly. Pregnancy outcomes, perinatal period outcomes and obstetric complications were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of WYHZ on pregnancy outcome.Results:The live birth rate and the clinical pregnancy rate in WYHZ group [86.67% (104/120), 90.00% (108/120)] were higher than those in control group [71.67% (86/120), P=0.004; 75.00% (90/120), P=0.002]. The early abortion rate in WYHZ group [10.08% (12/119)] was lower than that in control group [25.86% (30/116), P=0.002], the differences were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in perinatal outcome and incidence rate of obstetric complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the application of WYHZ significantly improved the live birth rate ( OR=8.818, 95% CI: 3.556-21.871, P<0.001) and sustained pregnancy rate ( OR=11.261, 95% CI: 4.262-29.751, P<0.001) in URSA patients. Conclusion:WYHZ using before and during pregnancy can significantly improve the live birth rate and the clinical pregnancy rate of URSA patients with syndrome of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, and improve their pregnancy outcomes.

The endometrial immune inflammatory microenvironment, composed of immune cells and cytokines, exhibits acute, low-grade, and transient pro-inflammatory characteristics during the embryo implantation window period. During this period, implantation capability is achieved by regulating blastocyst activation, promoting the endometrium to establish a receptive state, and mediating the positioning, adhesion, and invasion of the embryo. Abnormalities in the number and proportion of endometrial immune cells were associated with embryo implantation failure and altered characteristics of the immunoinflammatory microenvironment led to embryo implantation failure. The research progress on the mechanism of endometrial immunoinflammatory microenvironment regulating embryo implantation is now reviewed.