Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

objective:To prepare a composite photocrosslinked hydrogel containing zeolite imidazole framework-8(ZIF-8),and to evaluate its in vitro cytotoxicity,drug release capability,and antimicrobial propertie.Methods:The ZIF-8 particles were synthesized by hydrothermal method,and the microstructure characteristic was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).The particles were mixed with the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)with the mass fraction of 0.2%to obtain the composite hydrogel GelMA-Z.The atomic absorption spectroscope was used to detect the cumulative zinc ion(Zn2+)release amounts in GelMA-Z at different time points.The NIH-3T3 cells were co-cultured with GelMA-Z for 1,3,and 7 d;the viabilities of the cells in various groups were detected by CCK-8 assay;the GelMA-Z was co-cultured with Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)for 6,12,and 24 h and divided into control group,GelMA group,and GelMA-Z group.The bacterial activities of the cells in various groups at different time points were detected by microplate reader;the bacterial formation and the presence of live/dead becterial staining condition were detected by plate antibacterial experiment and live/dead bacterial staining method.Results:The SEM observation results showed that the hydrothermally synthesized ZIF-8 particles had the uniform particle sizes.The atomic absorption spectroscope results showed that Zn2+ in GelMA-Z showed an initial burst phase within 1 d,followed by a slow release,and reached the equilibrium around 7 d.Compared with control group,the viabilities the cells in GelMA group and GelMA-Z group were above 90%on the 1st,3rd,and 7th days,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The bacterial activity detection results showed that when co-cultured with bacteria for 6,12,and 24 h,compared with control group and GelMA group,the bacterial activities of the E.coli and S.aureus in GelMA-Z group were decreased(P<0.05).The plate antibacterial experiment results showed that the number of bacterial formation in GelMA-Z group was fewer than those in control group and GelMA group.The live/dead bacterial staining results showed that in GelMA-Z group,there was a large number of red fluorescence stained dead bacteria;in control group and GelMA group,there was a large number of green fluorescence stained live bacteria.Conclusion:The GelMA hydrogel loaded with ZIF-8 particles can achieve the in situ photocrosslinking and possesses good Zn2+ release capability and antimicrobial activity,and it is a novel hydrogel dressing for treatment of the infected wounds.

The protection of open abdomen (OA) wound is a significant subject in the field of trauma surgery. The key technical challenge in the early stage of OA wound management involves promoting granulation tissue filling between intestinal segments, reducing intestinal wall abrasion, and preventing the development of enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAF). Hydrogels, characterized by their high water content and exceptional biocompatibility, serve as extracellular matrix-mimicking materials, and are extensively employed in various medical and healthcare applications. In this review, we discuss the application of hydrogel developed by natural biomaterials in OA wounds protection, taking into consideration the unique pathophysiological characteristics of the OA wounds. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the development of hydrogel materials for early-stage OA wound protection in future research.

The protection of open abdomen (OA) wound is a significant subject in the field of trauma surgery. The key technical challenge in the early stage of OA wound management involves promoting granulation tissue filling between intestinal segments, reducing intestinal wall abrasion, and preventing the development of enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAF). Hydrogels, characterized by their high water content and exceptional biocompatibility, serve as extracellular matrix-mimicking materials, and are extensively employed in various medical and healthcare applications. In this review, we discuss the application of hydrogel developed by natural biomaterials in OA wounds protection, taking into consideration the unique pathophysiological characteristics of the OA wounds. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the development of hydrogel materials for early-stage OA wound protection in future research.

BACKGROUND:Open reduction and Kirschner wire tension band technique has been a traditional surgical method for the treatment of patela fracture. However, there stil exist some complications such as Kirschner wire slippage and breakage. Cable-Pin system is a new fixation device. A series of good clinical results has been achieved in patients with patela fracture using this fixation device through a minimaly invasive way. OBJECTIVE:To compare and investigate the clinical results of minimaly invasive fixation with Cable-Pin system and Kirschner wire tension band technique for patela fracture and the complications. METHODS:Eighty patients with radiology-confirmed transverse displacement of patela participated in this trial, and were randomly divided into two groups. Forty patients underwent a minimaly invasive technique and the others had conventional open surgery using Kirschner wire. At postoperative intervals of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale scores, range of motion was measured by goniometry, and knee function was evaluated using the Bostman clinical grading scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Easement of pain was better in the minimaly invasive surgery group than in the control group at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). Above dominance disappeared at 6 months after treatment. At 3-24 months, the knee flexion training was faster and flexion angle was greater in the minimaly invasive surgery group, and results were significantly better than in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of discomfort fixation-induced complications was lower in the minimaly invasive surgery group than in the conventional open surgery group (P < 0.05). These data confirm that after minimaly invasive fixation with Cable-Pin system, pain was noticeably lessened, range of motion of affected knee was great, the recovery of knee function was better, the incidence of complications was reduced, and the repair effect was better than the conventional Kirschner wire fixation.

OBJECTIVETo observe and summarize the morphologic features that may suggest submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma in colorectal mucosa biopsy specimens.

METHODSThe study cohort included 432 colorectal biopsy specimens were obtained from 2006 to 2012. All the cases had radical surgery. Basing on the pathologic diagnoses, the cases were divided into 366 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) and 66 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms (HGIN). These two groups were compared.

RESULTSIn the IAC group, the percentage of tumor forming cribriform structures, acute angle-shaped glands, diffuse carcinoma cell proliferation was 61.2% (224/366) , 33.8% (124/366) and 7.4% (27/366) , respectively. In the HGIN group, cribriform gland structures appeared in 6.0% (4/66) of the cases, while no acute angle-shaped gland or diffuse carcinoma cell proliferation was detected. The difference of these three characteristics in the two group was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Glandular branching was detected in 89.9% (329/366) of IAC cases and 66.7% (44/66) of HGIN cases; this difference was not significant. There was no difference in cellular atypia between the two groups. Interstitial fibrosis was detected more frequently in the IAC group (85.5%, 313/366 in IAC versus 0 in HGIN, P < 0.01). In biopsy specimens of IAC, a few cases showed neoplastic glands in close contact with large lymphatics, adipose tissue, and ganglion.

CONCLUSIONSIn colorectal biopsy specimen, the five features that suggest submucosal invasion of the neoplastic glands including the formation of cribriform structure, angular gland, diffuse carcinoma cells, interstitial fibrosis and neoplastic glands in close contact with the thick-walled vessels.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objective To observe and summarize the morphologic features that may suggest submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma in colorectal mucosa biopsy specimens .Methods The study cohort included 432 colorectal biopsy specimens were obtained from 2006 to 2012.All the cases had radical surgery.Basing on the pathologic diagnoses , the cases were divided into 366 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) and 66 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms (HGIN).These two groups were compared.Results In the IAC group, the percentage of tumor forming cribriform structures , acute angle-shaped glands, diffuse carcinoma cell proliferation was 61.2%(224/366), 33.8%(124/366) and 7.4%(27/366), respectively.In the HGIN group, cribriform gland structures appeared in 6.0%(4/66)of the cases, while no acute angle-shaped gland or diffuse carcinoma cell proliferation was detected.The difference of these three characteristics in the two group was statistically significant ( all P<0.01 ).Glandular branching was detected in 89.9%(329/366) of IAC cases and 66.7%(44/66)of HGIN cases;this difference was not significant.There was no difference in cellular atypia between the two groups.Interstitial fibrosis was detected more frequently in the IAC group (85.5%,313/366 in IAC versus 0 in HGIN, P<0.01).In biopsy specimens of IAC , a few cases showed neoplastic glands in close contact with large lymphatics , adipose tissue , and ganglion.Conclusions In colorectal biopsy specimen , the five features that suggest submucosal invasion of the neoplastic glands including the formation of cribriform structure , angular gland , diffuse carcinoma cells , interstitial fibrosis and neoplastic glands in close contact with the thick-walled vessels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) gene protein and the expression of BRMS1 gene promotor area methylation in supraglottic cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHOD: The expression of BRMS1 protein and BRMS1 gene promotor area methylation were examined by using Western blotting method and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) method in 70 cases of supraglottic cancer tissues and 60 cases of their surrounding laryngeal normal mucosa tissues (LNT) and 44 cases of cervical lymph node metastasis of supraglottic cancer. RESULT: Western blot results indicate that BRMS1 protein expression is declined expression level in supraglottic cancer tissue than the expression of BRMS1 protein in LNT of supraglottic cancer. Compared with para carcinoma normal laryngeal mucous tissue, BRMS1 gene protein in supraglottic cancer tissue primary lesion decreased obviously, and it is decreased more obviously in cervical lymph node metastasis lesion, the discrepancy is notable (P < 0.05). MSP results indicate BRMS1 gene promotor methylation is coordinated with its down-expression in supraglottic cancer tissue. BRMS1 promotor area methylation analysis reveal that there were 34 patients with methylation in 70 patients' supraglottic cancer tumor primary lesion, hold 48.6% (34/70); 32 patients have methylation in 44 patients' cervical metastasis lymph node tissue, hold 72.7% (32/44); however, there is no methylation in 60 para carcinoma tissue (r(s) = 0.66, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of BRMS1 protein in supraglottic cancer is significantly decreased. It had correlation with clinical stage and pathologic differentiation and cervical lymph node metastasis of supraglottic cancer. BRMS1 gene promotor methylation is related with down-expression of BRMS1 gene protein of supraglottic cancer. Maybe BRMS1 gene promotor methylation is one of the reasons of its down-expression.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Glottis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To study the dose-dependent effect of sodium arsenite on the expression of p53 gene in human embryonic lung fibroblasts(HELF)in vitro.Methods The human embryonic lung fibroblasts were divided into four groups in vitro based on completely randomized design.The expression of p53 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR and the expression of p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemical SAB,respectively,in human embryonic lung fibroblasts which were exposed to different doses(0,3,9 and 15?mol/L)of sodium arsenite for 24 hours.The one-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons were performed for testing the differences among groups and the linear correlation was for testing correlation between doses and the expression of p53 gene.Results Compared with that of exposure to 0?mol/L sodium arsenite,the expression of p53 mRNA in HELF was increased significantly(P0.05).The p53 mRNA expression was increased in dose-dependent manner with the increased concentration of sodium arsenite(r=0.947,P