Objective:To compare the efficacy of robot system-assisted versus freehand screw revision for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with lower cervical fractures.Methods:A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 57 patients with AS combined with lower cervical fractures admitted to Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, including 46 males and 11 females, aged 38-77 years [(65.4±9.5)years]. Injury segments involved C 3 in 7 patients, C 4 in 13, C 5 in 25, C 6 in 10, and C 7 in 2. All the patients underwent revision surgery, among whom, 22 patients were treated with robot system-assisted cervical pedicle screw placement (robot nailing group, with 190 screws), and 35 with freehand cervical pedicle screw placement (freehand nailing group, with 300 screws). The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy, incision length, and length of hospital stay of the two groups were compared; the time of single nscrew insertion, the number of single nail revisions, the distance between screws and the anterior cortex, the accuracy of screw placement of grade 0 and grade 0+1 were recorded in the two groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Society (JOA) score, neck dysfunction index (NDI), American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) classification before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The complication rate was also noted. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(14.3±2.1)months]. The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, and frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy were (186.4±12.9)minutes, (486.1±68.6)ml, and (3.4±1.3)times in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (206.7±14.4)minutes, (660.3±45.2)ml, and (13.5±3.6)times in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The incision length was (9.4±2.4)cm in the robot nailing group, longer than (5.6±1.2)cm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01), and the length of hospital stay was (3.7±0.4)days, shorter than (4.4±1.4)days in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The length of single nail insertion, the number of single nail revision, and the distance between the screws and the front cortex were (6.5±0.4)minutes, (1.1±0.1)times, and (3.5±1.3)mm in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (11.6±0.2)minutes, (1.5±0.2)times, and (12.4±4.7)mm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The accuracy of the screw placement in the robot nailing group was 90.0% (171/190) and 95.8% (182/190) with level 0 and 0+1 screws, better than 80.0% (240/300) and 89.0% (267/300) in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, JOA score, NDI, or ASIA grading between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS, JOA, and NDI scores at 3 days after operation were (3.1±0.6)points, (12.1±1.2)points, and (15.6±2.9)points, respectively in the robot nailing group, which were better than (5.0±1.4)points, (11.3±1.1)points and (22.5±3.7)points, respectively in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the ASIA grade between the two groups at 3 days after operation ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA, NDI scores, or ASIA grading between the two groups at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Compared with those before operation, the VAS, JOA, NDI scores, and ASIA grading were significantly improved at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up in the two groups, which were further improved with the passage of time. Two patients in the robot nailing group had pneumonia, with a complication rate of 9% (2/22), while 2 patients in the freehand nailing group had dural sac rupture and cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 3 had lung infection after operation, with a complication rate of 14% (5/35) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with freehand nailing, the robot system-assisted nailing revision for AS with lower cervical fracture has more advantages in terms of the operative duration, length of hospital stay, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy nailing speed and accuracy, screw holding force, early pain relief, function restoration, and complication rate, despite longer surgical incision.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of navigation system and orthopedic robot-assisted nail placement in the treatment of lower cervical fracture and dislocation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 49 patients with fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine who were admitted to Honghui Hospital, Xi′an Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2021 to October 2022, including 38 males and 11 females, aged 29-61 years [(39.3±7.3)years]. Injury segments involved C 3 in 12 patients, C 4 in 11, C 5 in 8, C 6 in 9 and C 7 in 9. Twenty-one patients were treated with S8 navigation system (navigation group, 84 screws), and 28 with TINAVI orthopedic robot (robot group, 112 screws). The two groups were compared in terms of the total surgical duration, single screw placement time, total screw placement time, distance between the screw and the anterior cortex, incision length, intraoperative radiation dose, intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay. The height of intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral bodies and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade were assessed before surgery and at 3 days after surgery. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and neck dysfunction index (NDI) before surgery, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. The accuracy of screw placement, intraoperative invasion rate of adjacent facet joints and rate of postoperative complications (infection, screw loosening, etc.) were evaluated. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(13.6±1.9)months]. In the navigation group, the total surgical duration, distance from the screw to the anterior cortex and the intraoperative radiation dose were (236.2±30.6)minutes, (2.0±0.2)mm and (374.3±90.3)mGy respectively, which were significantly shorter or less than those in the robot group [(278.4±20.7)minutes, (10.6±2.9)mm and (448.4±77.9)mGy] ( P<0.01). The single screw placement time, total screw placement time, incision length and intraoperative blood loss were (3.5±0.4)minutes, (23.9±0.5)minutes, (9.1±2.4)cm and (422.2±30.4)ml respectively, which were significantly longer or more than those in the robot group [(2.6±0.2)minutes, (17.9±0.7)minutes, (6.6±2.6)cm and (360.3±56.3)ml] ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the height of the intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between the vertebral bodies and ASIA grade between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 3 days after surgery, the height of intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral bodies and ASIA grade in both groups were significantly improved when compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA scores or NDI between the two groups before surgery, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). The VAS, JOA scores and NDI in both groups were gradually improved at 3 days, 3 months and at the last follow-up after surgery when compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of screw placement of levels 0 and 0+1 between the two groups ( P>0.05). No significant difference in the intraoperative invasion rate of adjacent facet joints between the two groups was found ( P>0.05). There were no serious complications such as infection or screw loosening after surgery in both groups. Conclusions:For lower cervical fracture and dislocation, although there are more advantages in total surgical duration, screw holding force and radiation control regarding the navigation system, and more outstanding performance in screw placement efficiency, incision length and intraoperative blood loss regarding the orthopedic robot, both of them can effectively rebuild the cervical structure, improve neurological function, relieve postoperative pain, improve screw placement accuracy and reduce facet joint injury and serious complications. Selection of the best auxiliary screw placement system should comprehensively consider patients′ conditions and the experience of the surgical team.

Echocardiography is an important imaging technique in mithal valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER). During the operation, mitral leaflets capture and clamping have the highest requirements for ultrasound image quality and should be performed under the guidance of high-quality commissural view. However, standard commissural view cannot be obtained in some patients due to cardiac enlargement, transposition or limited esophageal acoustic window. In this condition, the optimal view can be obtained by Multivue technology. This paper reports a male patient aged 67 years with successful mitral valve TEER under the real-time guidance of Multivue technology, and summarizes the key points of this technology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum circular RNA protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2(circ_PTP4A2),circular RNA precocious dissociation of sisters 5 homolog B(circ_PDS5B)and the volume of cerebral infarction and the degree of neurological deficits in patients with acute is-chemic stroke(AIS).Methods Ninety patients with AIS who visited the hospital from January 2021 to De-cember 2023 were selected as the AIS group,and 90 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,the volume of cerebral infarction was measured by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging,and the degree of neurological deficit was evaluated by the Na-tional Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score.According to the volume of cerebral infarction,they were divided into large-volume group(volume of cerebral infarction≥ 20 cm3,29 cases),medium-volume group(1 cm3＜volume of cerebral infarction＜20 cm3,34 cases),and small-volume group(volume of cerebral infarction≤ 1 cm3,27 cases),and according to the NIHSS scores,patients with AIS were classified into the se-vere group(NIHSS scores≥21 points,27 cases),the moderate group(NIHSS scores 5-20 points,32 cases)and the mild group(NIHSS score≤ 4 points,31 cases).Factors contributing to the increased volume of cere-bral infarction and the increased degree of neurological deficit in patients with AIS were analyzed by ordered multi-categorical Logistic regression.Results Compared with the control group,serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B levels were elevated in the AIS group(P＜0.05).Serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B levels were sequentially increased in the small-volume group,medium-volume group,and large-volume group(P＜0.05).Serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B levels were sequentially increased in the mild group,moderate group,and severe group(P＜0.05).Ordered multi-categorical Logistic regression showed that high NIHSS score,high circ_PTP4A2,and high circ_PDS5B were independent risk factors for increased cerebral infarction volume in AIS patients(P＜0.05),and high cerebral infarction volume,high circ_PTP4A2,and high circ_PDS5B were independent risk factors(P＜0.05).Conclusion The elevated levels of serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B in AIS patients are related to the increase in cerebral infarction volume and the aggravation of neurological deficits.Early detection of serum circ_PTP4A2 and circ_PDS5B levels is helpful for risk stratification in AIS patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ginsenosides as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)substrates in combination with paclitaxel on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer Caco-2 cells.METHODS Bio-layer interferometry(BLI)technology was used to detect the constants of ginsenosides and P-gp.Network molecular docking was adopted to predict the binding affinity energy of ginsenosides and P-gp.Caco-2 cells were divided into paclitaxel 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,ginsenoside Rg3 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 0,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups.After 48 h of incubation,the growth inhibition rate of Caco-2 cells was detected by MTT assay,and the interaction between the two drugs was quantitatively evaluated using the"one-belt,one-line"modle.Caco-2 cells were divided into the cell control group,paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1 group,ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups.After 24 h of incubation,the proliferation and migration ability of the cells were detected by colony assay and Transwell migration assay.Caco-2 cells were then divided into the cell control group,quinidine 12.5 mg·L-1 group,and ginsenoside Rg3 6.25 and 12.5 mg·L-1 groups.After 4 h of incubation,the expression levels of P-gp and total protein were detected by ELISA.RESULTS The affinity constants of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rg5 with P-gp were all less than 10-3 mol·L-1,while that of ginsenoside CK with P-gp was 10-2 mol·L-1.There was no typical binding dissociation curve between ginsenoside Re and P-gp.The absolute binding affinities of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5 to P-gp were determined to be 8.5 kcal·mol-1 and 7.6 kcal·mol-1,respectively.Ginsenosides mixed with PTX 5 mg·L-1 inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells through synergy and addition,and the dose range of the syner-gistic effect was[0+5,43.15+5]mg·L-1;[164.51+5,200+5]mg·L-1,the additive effect dose ranged from[43.15+5,164.51+5]mg·L-1.The combination of the two drugs could significantly reduce the proliferation and migration ability of Caco-2 cells(P<0.01).The ELISA results showed a decrease in total protein and P-gp content in both the ginsenoside and quinidine groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ginsenoside bind to and inhibit the activity of P-gp,synergizing with paclitaxel to reduce the proliferative and migratory abili-ties of Caco-2 cells.The combination of ginsenosides and paclitaxel enhances the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to paclitaxel induced inhibition.The combined use of these two substances is expected to achieve better anticancer effects compared to paclitaxel alone.

Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and often diagnosed at an advanced stage,leaving most patients ineligible for radical resection.This study retrospectively analyzed four patients with locally advanced or advanced pancreatic cancer to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant and conversion therapy.All cases were reviewed and individualized treatment plans were formulated through a multidisciplinary team evaluation.All patients received HIFU plus gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy,with assessments of tumor volume,vascular involvement,surgical conversion,symptom relief,and adverse events.Three patients achieved marked tumor shrinkage and reduction of vascular invasion,enabling successful R0 resection without recurrence during follow-up.The remaining patient achieved disease stability,significant pain relief,and maintained good quality of life under repeated HIFU therapy.All treatments were well tolerated,and no severe adverse reactions occurred.The combination of HIFU and chemotherapy demonstrated synergistic local and systemic effects,effectively achieving tumor downstaging,improving resectability,and alleviating symptoms.As a safe,noninvasive,and repeatable therapeutic approach,this strategy offers a promising option for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to validate its long-term efficacy and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Purpose To explore the influence of thrombolysis therapy before percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)on long-term left ventricular global and regional function in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)patients by cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR).Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 67 STEMI patients who were enrolled in a prospective study from November 2021 to August 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang,the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University,Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital and Huai'an Second People's Hospital and underwent CMR examination one year later.STEMI patients were divided into thrombolysis group and non-thrombolysis group according to whether a single half-dose of 5 mg recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)was given within two hours before the first medical contact and PCI.Based on CMR cine images,the traditional left ventricular function,global and segmental functional parameters were measured,and the differences between the two groups were compared.According to the degree of late gadolinium enhancement involvement,myocardial segments were divided into the following four types:transmural infarcted segments,non-transmural infarcted segments,locally infarcted segments,and non-infarcted segments.The parameters of the two groups were compared across these different segments.Results At the patient level,the cardiac index,left ventricular wall thickening and left ventricular wall motion in r-SAK thrombolysis group were higher than those in non-thrombolysis group(t/Z=-2.426,-4.307,-2.735,all P<0.05).At the segment level,compared with non-thrombolysis group,patients received r-SAK before primary PCI showed greater segmental radial strain in non-transmural infarcted segments(Z=-2.117,P=0.034);larger segmental wall motion in locally infarcted segments(Z=-2.235,P=0.025),and better segmental circumference strain in the non-infarcted segments(Z=-3.869,P<0.001).Conclusion The thrombolytic therapy before PCI in STEMI patients retain better long-term left ventricular global and regional function evaluating by CMR.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of robot system-assisted versus freehand screw revision for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with lower cervical fractures.Methods:A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 57 patients with AS combined with lower cervical fractures admitted to Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, including 46 males and 11 females, aged 38-77 years [(65.4±9.5)years]. Injury segments involved C 3 in 7 patients, C 4 in 13, C 5 in 25, C 6 in 10, and C 7 in 2. All the patients underwent revision surgery, among whom, 22 patients were treated with robot system-assisted cervical pedicle screw placement (robot nailing group, with 190 screws), and 35 with freehand cervical pedicle screw placement (freehand nailing group, with 300 screws). The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy, incision length, and length of hospital stay of the two groups were compared; the time of single nscrew insertion, the number of single nail revisions, the distance between screws and the anterior cortex, the accuracy of screw placement of grade 0 and grade 0+1 were recorded in the two groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Society (JOA) score, neck dysfunction index (NDI), American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) classification before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The complication rate was also noted. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(14.3±2.1)months]. The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, and frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy were (186.4±12.9)minutes, (486.1±68.6)ml, and (3.4±1.3)times in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (206.7±14.4)minutes, (660.3±45.2)ml, and (13.5±3.6)times in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The incision length was (9.4±2.4)cm in the robot nailing group, longer than (5.6±1.2)cm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01), and the length of hospital stay was (3.7±0.4)days, shorter than (4.4±1.4)days in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The length of single nail insertion, the number of single nail revision, and the distance between the screws and the front cortex were (6.5±0.4)minutes, (1.1±0.1)times, and (3.5±1.3)mm in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (11.6±0.2)minutes, (1.5±0.2)times, and (12.4±4.7)mm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The accuracy of the screw placement in the robot nailing group was 90.0% (171/190) and 95.8% (182/190) with level 0 and 0+1 screws, better than 80.0% (240/300) and 89.0% (267/300) in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, JOA score, NDI, or ASIA grading between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS, JOA, and NDI scores at 3 days after operation were (3.1±0.6)points, (12.1±1.2)points, and (15.6±2.9)points, respectively in the robot nailing group, which were better than (5.0±1.4)points, (11.3±1.1)points and (22.5±3.7)points, respectively in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the ASIA grade between the two groups at 3 days after operation ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA, NDI scores, or ASIA grading between the two groups at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Compared with those before operation, the VAS, JOA, NDI scores, and ASIA grading were significantly improved at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up in the two groups, which were further improved with the passage of time. Two patients in the robot nailing group had pneumonia, with a complication rate of 9% (2/22), while 2 patients in the freehand nailing group had dural sac rupture and cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 3 had lung infection after operation, with a complication rate of 14% (5/35) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with freehand nailing, the robot system-assisted nailing revision for AS with lower cervical fracture has more advantages in terms of the operative duration, length of hospital stay, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy nailing speed and accuracy, screw holding force, early pain relief, function restoration, and complication rate, despite longer surgical incision.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of navigation system and orthopedic robot-assisted nail placement in the treatment of lower cervical fracture and dislocation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 49 patients with fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine who were admitted to Honghui Hospital, Xi′an Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2021 to October 2022, including 38 males and 11 females, aged 29-61 years [(39.3±7.3)years]. Injury segments involved C 3 in 12 patients, C 4 in 11, C 5 in 8, C 6 in 9 and C 7 in 9. Twenty-one patients were treated with S8 navigation system (navigation group, 84 screws), and 28 with TINAVI orthopedic robot (robot group, 112 screws). The two groups were compared in terms of the total surgical duration, single screw placement time, total screw placement time, distance between the screw and the anterior cortex, incision length, intraoperative radiation dose, intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay. The height of intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral bodies and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade were assessed before surgery and at 3 days after surgery. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and neck dysfunction index (NDI) before surgery, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. The accuracy of screw placement, intraoperative invasion rate of adjacent facet joints and rate of postoperative complications (infection, screw loosening, etc.) were evaluated. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(13.6±1.9)months]. In the navigation group, the total surgical duration, distance from the screw to the anterior cortex and the intraoperative radiation dose were (236.2±30.6)minutes, (2.0±0.2)mm and (374.3±90.3)mGy respectively, which were significantly shorter or less than those in the robot group [(278.4±20.7)minutes, (10.6±2.9)mm and (448.4±77.9)mGy] ( P<0.01). The single screw placement time, total screw placement time, incision length and intraoperative blood loss were (3.5±0.4)minutes, (23.9±0.5)minutes, (9.1±2.4)cm and (422.2±30.4)ml respectively, which were significantly longer or more than those in the robot group [(2.6±0.2)minutes, (17.9±0.7)minutes, (6.6±2.6)cm and (360.3±56.3)ml] ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the height of the intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between the vertebral bodies and ASIA grade between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 3 days after surgery, the height of intervertebral space, Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral bodies and ASIA grade in both groups were significantly improved when compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA scores or NDI between the two groups before surgery, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). The VAS, JOA scores and NDI in both groups were gradually improved at 3 days, 3 months and at the last follow-up after surgery when compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of screw placement of levels 0 and 0+1 between the two groups ( P>0.05). No significant difference in the intraoperative invasion rate of adjacent facet joints between the two groups was found ( P>0.05). There were no serious complications such as infection or screw loosening after surgery in both groups. Conclusions:For lower cervical fracture and dislocation, although there are more advantages in total surgical duration, screw holding force and radiation control regarding the navigation system, and more outstanding performance in screw placement efficiency, incision length and intraoperative blood loss regarding the orthopedic robot, both of them can effectively rebuild the cervical structure, improve neurological function, relieve postoperative pain, improve screw placement accuracy and reduce facet joint injury and serious complications. Selection of the best auxiliary screw placement system should comprehensively consider patients′ conditions and the experience of the surgical team.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ginsenosides as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)substrates in combination with paclitaxel on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer Caco-2 cells.METHODS Bio-layer interferometry(BLI)technology was used to detect the constants of ginsenosides and P-gp.Network molecular docking was adopted to predict the binding affinity energy of ginsenosides and P-gp.Caco-2 cells were divided into paclitaxel 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,ginsenoside Rg3 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 0,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups.After 48 h of incubation,the growth inhibition rate of Caco-2 cells was detected by MTT assay,and the interaction between the two drugs was quantitatively evaluated using the"one-belt,one-line"modle.Caco-2 cells were divided into the cell control group,paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1 group,ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups.After 24 h of incubation,the proliferation and migration ability of the cells were detected by colony assay and Transwell migration assay.Caco-2 cells were then divided into the cell control group,quinidine 12.5 mg·L-1 group,and ginsenoside Rg3 6.25 and 12.5 mg·L-1 groups.After 4 h of incubation,the expression levels of P-gp and total protein were detected by ELISA.RESULTS The affinity constants of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rg5 with P-gp were all less than 10-3 mol·L-1,while that of ginsenoside CK with P-gp was 10-2 mol·L-1.There was no typical binding dissociation curve between ginsenoside Re and P-gp.The absolute binding affinities of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5 to P-gp were determined to be 8.5 kcal·mol-1 and 7.6 kcal·mol-1,respectively.Ginsenosides mixed with PTX 5 mg·L-1 inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells through synergy and addition,and the dose range of the syner-gistic effect was[0+5,43.15+5]mg·L-1;[164.51+5,200+5]mg·L-1,the additive effect dose ranged from[43.15+5,164.51+5]mg·L-1.The combination of the two drugs could significantly reduce the proliferation and migration ability of Caco-2 cells(P<0.01).The ELISA results showed a decrease in total protein and P-gp content in both the ginsenoside and quinidine groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ginsenoside bind to and inhibit the activity of P-gp,synergizing with paclitaxel to reduce the proliferative and migratory abili-ties of Caco-2 cells.The combination of ginsenosides and paclitaxel enhances the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to paclitaxel induced inhibition.The combined use of these two substances is expected to achieve better anticancer effects compared to paclitaxel alone.