BACKGROUND:The regulation of intestinal flora by exercise is closely related to human health,but intestinal flora involves many factors.Existing studies have lacked consistent evidence on the effect of exercise on the intestinal flora of college students. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of exercise on intestinal flora diversity and species composition of college students. METHODS:Through systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Medline,Cochrane Library,CNKI,WanFang Database and VIP database,eight empirical studies were selected and included,and semi-quantitative analysis was performed on them. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of the species diversity of the intestinal flora,both high-intensity interval training and Tai Chi exercise significantly enhance the species diversity of intestinal flora in college students,while aerobic exercise does not have a significant effect on the enhancement of intestinal flora diversity in college students.In terms of the species composition of the intestinal flora,all three exercise modalities significantly alter the compositional structure of the intestinal flora in college students,which can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminalococcus,Faecalis prevotelli,Blautia,and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia spp.Compared with high-intensity interval training,aerobic and Tai Chi exercise causes more elevated abundance of beneficial bacteria.In addition to changes in intestinal flora characteristics,exercise improves body composition,cardiorespiratory function,and executive function in college students,and these health benefits are closely linked to exercise-induced changes in intestinal flora that can produce health benefits for the body through metabolic regulation,barrier function,and neuromodulation.Although studies have confirmed the association between exercise and intestinal flora,the mechanism by which exercise affects intestinal flora has not yet been clarified,and at the same time,localizing the flora related to the host health is the key to targeting intestinal flora as a therapeutic target in the future,all of which are worthy of further attention and investigation.

Objective To explore the predictive value of early variability of levels of multiple inflammatory factors for the prognosis of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods A total of 253 MPP children admitted to the hospital from May 2022 to October 2024 were selected as the research sub-jects.Blood samples were collected from all patients at admission and up to 72 h[T0(0-6 h at admission),T1(24 h after admission),T2(48 h after admission),T3(72 h after admission)].Serum inflammatory fac-tors,including C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-17A,IL-1β,γ-in-terferon(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured,and variability was calculated(T1=[(T1-T0)/T0]× 100％,△T2=[(T2-T0)/T0]× 100％,△T3=[(T3-T0)/T0]× 100％).MPP patients were divided into the good prognosis group and poor prognosis according to the prognosis condition.The ser-um inflammatory factor levels and their variability at different time points in the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group were compared,multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing fac-tors of MPP children's prognosis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of early variability of inflammatory factor levels for MPP children's prognosis.Results After 3 months of follow-up observation,a total of 7 cases were lost to follow-up,and a total of 246 cases were final-ly included for analysis.Among them,58 cases were in the poor prognosis group,and 188 cases were in the good prognosis group.The disease course of the poor prognosis group was longer than that of the good prog-nosis group(P＜0.05),the severity of the disease was more severe than that of the good prognosis group(P＜0.05),and the proportion of affected lung lobes≥2/3 was higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).IL-6,IL-17A and IL-1β levels at T1-T3 were higher than those at T0(P＜0.0125).The level of IL-6 at T0-T3,IL-1 β level at T2-T3,and IL-17A at T3 in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).IL-6(△T2),IL-17A(△T3),IL-1β(△T2),IL-1β(△T3)in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6(T0),IL-6(T1),IL-6(△T2),IL-1β(△T3),IL-17A(△T3)were the factors influencing the prognosis of children with MPP(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of IL-6(T0),IL-6(T1),IL-6(△T2),IL-1β(△T3),IL-17A(△T3)for predicting the prognosis of children with MPP was all above 0.7.Conclusion The prognosis of MPP patients is related to the phase sensitivity and dynamic remodeling of the inflammatory network.IL-6(T0),IL-6(T1),IL-6(△T2),IL-1β(△T3),IL-17A(△T3)are key prognostic indicators for MPP patients.Dy-namic monitoring of inflammatory factor levels can help intervene in immune imbalances and cytokine storms in a timely manner to improve the prognosis of pediatric patients.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological dynamics and spatiotemporal diffusion trend of brucellosis in China from 2010 to 2024.Methods:Data on reported human brucellosis cases in mainland China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024, were collected via the"China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention", including detailed information on the date of onset, gender, age, occupation, and residential address of the cases. The Joinpoint regression and spatial interpolation techniques were used to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics and population distribution characteristics of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions, as well as urban and rural areas, and explore the epidemic trends of the disease.Results:From 2010 to 2024, pastoral/semi-pastoral regions reported 252 094 brucellosis cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 36.57±7.28 per 100 000. In contrast, other regions cumulatively recorded 519 748 cases during the same period, demonstrating a significantly lower mean annual incidence rate of 2.54±0.74 per 100 000. The incidence rate of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral regions exhibited a declining-rebounding-declining trend. Specifically, the incidence rate decreased significantly from 2010 to 2017 (APC=-7.20; P<0.001) and increased notably from 2017 to 2021 (APC=18.00; P=0.015) with a decline again from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-7.53; P=0.027). In other regions, the incidence rate showed a fluctuating upward trend. Specifically, the incidence rate increased significantly from 2010 to 2015 (APC=20.37; P<0.001) and decreased notably from 2015 to 2018 (APC=-21.78; P<0.001), followed by an increase again from 2018 to 2024, a significant upward trend in incidence rate from 2018 to 2021 (APC=26.73; P<0.001) and a non-significant decline from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-0.99; P=0.735), resulting in the maintenance of a relatively high incidence level. Rural areas demonstrated significantly higher brucellosis incidence rates than urban settings (all P<0.001). Brucellosis exhibited a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions between 2010 and 2024. The age structure of patients in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas differed significantly from that in other regions. Specifically, in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas, the incidence rate was higher among the 35-49 age groups, while in other regions, the incidence rate was higher among those aged 55-64. Conclusion:There are notable disparities in the incidence of human brucellosis between pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions in China. Human brucellosis exhibits a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions.

Objective:The objective of this study was to understand the incidence, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of bacillary dysentery in China from 2005 to 2024 in order to identify the high-risk groups and reveal the potential risk factors and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of preventive and control resources, formulating targeted intervention strategies and assessing the effectiveness of the measures.Methods:The nationally reported incidence data of bacillary dysentery was collected from 2005 to 2024 in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population characteristics of bacillary dysentery cases. A Joinpoint regression model was constructed to examine long-term trends in reported incidence rates and spatial dynamic window scanning statistics were applied to detect spatial clusters of bacillary dysentery cases.Results:Between 2005 and 2024, 3 520 247 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported across China, with an average incidence rate of 12.88 per 100 000 people, after which the rate of decline decreased. The incidence rate showed a general downward trend, featuring a significant inflection point in 2016. It exhibited marked seasonality, peaking from May to October (summer-autumn), which weakened over time. From 2005 to 2024, the most likely clusters were in Beijing and Tianjin. Males, infants, the elderly, farmers, and children not in daycare showed many cases.Conclusions:The results revealed that the peak incidence of bacillary dysentery in China from 2005 to 2024 was featured in the summer-autumn months. High-incidence areas were mainly Beijing and Tianjin. The key groups, including males, infants, the elderly, farmers and children not in daycare, were identified. Enhancing surveillance, targeted health education, and preventive measures, especially in these key populations and in regions where the disease shows a high incidence should be strengthened.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in China from 2015 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the adjustment of prevention and control strategies and measures for AHC.Methods:The case data of AHC reported by national notifiable disease information system from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive analysis method were used to analyze the population distribution characteristics, temporal epidemiological trends and spatial clusters of AHC in China.Results:From 2015 to 2022, the incidence of AHC in China ranged from 1.85/100 000 to 2.97/100 000, with a fluctuating downward trend. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was -4.91 (95% CI: -7.74 to -2.00, P<0.05), with an annual percent change (APC) of 2.73 (95% CI: -2.34 to 8.06, P=0.189) for 2015—2019 and an APC of -14.23 (95% CI: -21.78 to -5.94, P<0.05). The age-specific incidence rate was highest in children aged 0-4 years (fluctuating between 4.69 and 5.67/100 000 from 2015 to 2019; It decreased significantly during 2020—2022, fluctuating between 1.93 and 2.72 per 100 000).The proportion of cases in children at 0-4 years of age showed a fluctuating downward trend from 8.68% in 2015 to 3.76% in 2020, with an increase in 2021—2022 to 5.74%. After 2020, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above has increased, reaching 33.59% in 2022. Cases were mainly farmers, with a fluctuating upward trend of around 50% per year, with the highest percentage of 60.96% in 2020. The peak seasonal incidence of AHC was obvious from May to September from 2015 to 2019, but it was not obvious in 2020—2022. The cases were mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces in the southwestern part of China. The high incidence counties were concentrated in Leye County of Guangxi, Maojian District of Hubei, Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi, Funing County of Yunnan, and Pulan County of Tibet every year. Conclusions:The overall epidemic rate of AHC in China showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2015 to 2022, with a pronounced decline observed between 2020 and 2022, potentially linked to non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased attention needs to be given to farmers and people above 60 years of age to reduce the risk of morbidity. Moreover, prevention and control efforts should be strengthened in high-risk areas of southwestern China, and comprehensive measures should be implemented in counties with high incidence, including enhanced health education campaigns and improved allocation of sanitary facilities, to reduce the risk of AHC infection. This study is the first to highlight the potential impact of public health policies on AHC epidemiology, thereby offering a scientific foundation for population- and region-specific precision prevention strategies, particularly guiding the refinement of control measures in high-burden areas.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ginsenosides as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)substrates in combination with paclitaxel on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer Caco-2 cells.METHODS Bio-layer interferometry(BLI)technology was used to detect the constants of ginsenosides and P-gp.Network molecular docking was adopted to predict the binding affinity energy of ginsenosides and P-gp.Caco-2 cells were divided into paclitaxel 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,ginsenoside Rg3 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 0,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups.After 48 h of incubation,the growth inhibition rate of Caco-2 cells was detected by MTT assay,and the interaction between the two drugs was quantitatively evaluated using the"one-belt,one-line"modle.Caco-2 cells were divided into the cell control group,paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1 group,ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups.After 24 h of incubation,the proliferation and migration ability of the cells were detected by colony assay and Transwell migration assay.Caco-2 cells were then divided into the cell control group,quinidine 12.5 mg·L-1 group,and ginsenoside Rg3 6.25 and 12.5 mg·L-1 groups.After 4 h of incubation,the expression levels of P-gp and total protein were detected by ELISA.RESULTS The affinity constants of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rg5 with P-gp were all less than 10-3 mol·L-1,while that of ginsenoside CK with P-gp was 10-2 mol·L-1.There was no typical binding dissociation curve between ginsenoside Re and P-gp.The absolute binding affinities of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5 to P-gp were determined to be 8.5 kcal·mol-1 and 7.6 kcal·mol-1,respectively.Ginsenosides mixed with PTX 5 mg·L-1 inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells through synergy and addition,and the dose range of the syner-gistic effect was[0+5,43.15+5]mg·L-1;[164.51+5,200+5]mg·L-1,the additive effect dose ranged from[43.15+5,164.51+5]mg·L-1.The combination of the two drugs could significantly reduce the proliferation and migration ability of Caco-2 cells(P<0.01).The ELISA results showed a decrease in total protein and P-gp content in both the ginsenoside and quinidine groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ginsenoside bind to and inhibit the activity of P-gp,synergizing with paclitaxel to reduce the proliferative and migratory abili-ties of Caco-2 cells.The combination of ginsenosides and paclitaxel enhances the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to paclitaxel induced inhibition.The combined use of these two substances is expected to achieve better anticancer effects compared to paclitaxel alone.

Objective:The objective of this study was to understand the incidence, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of bacillary dysentery in China from 2005 to 2024 in order to identify the high-risk groups and reveal the potential risk factors and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of preventive and control resources, formulating targeted intervention strategies and assessing the effectiveness of the measures.Methods:The nationally reported incidence data of bacillary dysentery was collected from 2005 to 2024 in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population characteristics of bacillary dysentery cases. A Joinpoint regression model was constructed to examine long-term trends in reported incidence rates and spatial dynamic window scanning statistics were applied to detect spatial clusters of bacillary dysentery cases.Results:Between 2005 and 2024, 3 520 247 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported across China, with an average incidence rate of 12.88 per 100 000 people, after which the rate of decline decreased. The incidence rate showed a general downward trend, featuring a significant inflection point in 2016. It exhibited marked seasonality, peaking from May to October (summer-autumn), which weakened over time. From 2005 to 2024, the most likely clusters were in Beijing and Tianjin. Males, infants, the elderly, farmers, and children not in daycare showed many cases.Conclusions:The results revealed that the peak incidence of bacillary dysentery in China from 2005 to 2024 was featured in the summer-autumn months. High-incidence areas were mainly Beijing and Tianjin. The key groups, including males, infants, the elderly, farmers and children not in daycare, were identified. Enhancing surveillance, targeted health education, and preventive measures, especially in these key populations and in regions where the disease shows a high incidence should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological dynamics and spatiotemporal diffusion trend of brucellosis in China from 2010 to 2024.Methods:Data on reported human brucellosis cases in mainland China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024, were collected via the"China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention", including detailed information on the date of onset, gender, age, occupation, and residential address of the cases. The Joinpoint regression and spatial interpolation techniques were used to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics and population distribution characteristics of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions, as well as urban and rural areas, and explore the epidemic trends of the disease.Results:From 2010 to 2024, pastoral/semi-pastoral regions reported 252 094 brucellosis cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 36.57±7.28 per 100 000. In contrast, other regions cumulatively recorded 519 748 cases during the same period, demonstrating a significantly lower mean annual incidence rate of 2.54±0.74 per 100 000. The incidence rate of human brucellosis in pastoral/semi-pastoral regions exhibited a declining-rebounding-declining trend. Specifically, the incidence rate decreased significantly from 2010 to 2017 (APC=-7.20; P<0.001) and increased notably from 2017 to 2021 (APC=18.00; P=0.015) with a decline again from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-7.53; P=0.027). In other regions, the incidence rate showed a fluctuating upward trend. Specifically, the incidence rate increased significantly from 2010 to 2015 (APC=20.37; P<0.001) and decreased notably from 2015 to 2018 (APC=-21.78; P<0.001), followed by an increase again from 2018 to 2024, a significant upward trend in incidence rate from 2018 to 2021 (APC=26.73; P<0.001) and a non-significant decline from 2021 to 2024 (APC=-0.99; P=0.735), resulting in the maintenance of a relatively high incidence level. Rural areas demonstrated significantly higher brucellosis incidence rates than urban settings (all P<0.001). Brucellosis exhibited a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions between 2010 and 2024. The age structure of patients in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas differed significantly from that in other regions. Specifically, in pastoral/semi-pastoral areas, the incidence rate was higher among the 35-49 age groups, while in other regions, the incidence rate was higher among those aged 55-64. Conclusion:There are notable disparities in the incidence of human brucellosis between pastoral/semi-pastoral areas and other regions in China. Human brucellosis exhibits a diffusion trend from the northern epidemic areas of China to neighboring regions, along with sporadic diffusion in southern regions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ginsenosides as P-glycoprotein(P-gp)substrates in combination with paclitaxel on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer Caco-2 cells.METHODS Bio-layer interferometry(BLI)technology was used to detect the constants of ginsenosides and P-gp.Network molecular docking was adopted to predict the binding affinity energy of ginsenosides and P-gp.Caco-2 cells were divided into paclitaxel 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,ginsenoside Rg3 0,6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 0,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L-1 groups.After 48 h of incubation,the growth inhibition rate of Caco-2 cells was detected by MTT assay,and the interaction between the two drugs was quantitatively evaluated using the"one-belt,one-line"modle.Caco-2 cells were divided into the cell control group,paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1 group,ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups,and paclitaxel 5 mg·L-1+ginsenoside Rg3 50 and 100 mg·L-1 groups.After 24 h of incubation,the proliferation and migration ability of the cells were detected by colony assay and Transwell migration assay.Caco-2 cells were then divided into the cell control group,quinidine 12.5 mg·L-1 group,and ginsenoside Rg3 6.25 and 12.5 mg·L-1 groups.After 4 h of incubation,the expression levels of P-gp and total protein were detected by ELISA.RESULTS The affinity constants of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rg5 with P-gp were all less than 10-3 mol·L-1,while that of ginsenoside CK with P-gp was 10-2 mol·L-1.There was no typical binding dissociation curve between ginsenoside Re and P-gp.The absolute binding affinities of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5 to P-gp were determined to be 8.5 kcal·mol-1 and 7.6 kcal·mol-1,respectively.Ginsenosides mixed with PTX 5 mg·L-1 inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells through synergy and addition,and the dose range of the syner-gistic effect was[0+5,43.15+5]mg·L-1;[164.51+5,200+5]mg·L-1,the additive effect dose ranged from[43.15+5,164.51+5]mg·L-1.The combination of the two drugs could significantly reduce the proliferation and migration ability of Caco-2 cells(P<0.01).The ELISA results showed a decrease in total protein and P-gp content in both the ginsenoside and quinidine groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ginsenoside bind to and inhibit the activity of P-gp,synergizing with paclitaxel to reduce the proliferative and migratory abili-ties of Caco-2 cells.The combination of ginsenosides and paclitaxel enhances the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to paclitaxel induced inhibition.The combined use of these two substances is expected to achieve better anticancer effects compared to paclitaxel alone.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in China from 2015 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the adjustment of prevention and control strategies and measures for AHC.Methods:The case data of AHC reported by national notifiable disease information system from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive analysis method were used to analyze the population distribution characteristics, temporal epidemiological trends and spatial clusters of AHC in China.Results:From 2015 to 2022, the incidence of AHC in China ranged from 1.85/100 000 to 2.97/100 000, with a fluctuating downward trend. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was -4.91 (95% CI: -7.74 to -2.00, P<0.05), with an annual percent change (APC) of 2.73 (95% CI: -2.34 to 8.06, P=0.189) for 2015—2019 and an APC of -14.23 (95% CI: -21.78 to -5.94, P<0.05). The age-specific incidence rate was highest in children aged 0-4 years (fluctuating between 4.69 and 5.67/100 000 from 2015 to 2019; It decreased significantly during 2020—2022, fluctuating between 1.93 and 2.72 per 100 000).The proportion of cases in children at 0-4 years of age showed a fluctuating downward trend from 8.68% in 2015 to 3.76% in 2020, with an increase in 2021—2022 to 5.74%. After 2020, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above has increased, reaching 33.59% in 2022. Cases were mainly farmers, with a fluctuating upward trend of around 50% per year, with the highest percentage of 60.96% in 2020. The peak seasonal incidence of AHC was obvious from May to September from 2015 to 2019, but it was not obvious in 2020—2022. The cases were mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces in the southwestern part of China. The high incidence counties were concentrated in Leye County of Guangxi, Maojian District of Hubei, Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi, Funing County of Yunnan, and Pulan County of Tibet every year. Conclusions:The overall epidemic rate of AHC in China showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2015 to 2022, with a pronounced decline observed between 2020 and 2022, potentially linked to non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased attention needs to be given to farmers and people above 60 years of age to reduce the risk of morbidity. Moreover, prevention and control efforts should be strengthened in high-risk areas of southwestern China, and comprehensive measures should be implemented in counties with high incidence, including enhanced health education campaigns and improved allocation of sanitary facilities, to reduce the risk of AHC infection. This study is the first to highlight the potential impact of public health policies on AHC epidemiology, thereby offering a scientific foundation for population- and region-specific precision prevention strategies, particularly guiding the refinement of control measures in high-burden areas.