Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Materials and Methods: The meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and propensity score matching of multicenter cohort study evaluated MBC patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017071858 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04258163. Results: A total of 2,867 patients from 15 RCTs and 760 patients from multicenter cohort were included. The results from meta-analysis showed that chemotherapy maintenance improved progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.73; p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97; p=0.016; high-quality evidence) than observation. In the cohort study, for hormone receptor–positive MBC patients, chemotherapy maintenance improved PFS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.85; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.73; p < 0.001) compared with observation, and endocrine therapy maintenance also improved PFS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; p < 0.001). There were no differences between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in PFS and OS (all p > 0.05). Regardless of the continuum or switch maintenance therapy, showed prolonged survival in MBC patients who were response to first-line treatment. Conclusion This study provided evidences for survival benefits of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in MBC patients, and there was no difference efficacy between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance for hormone receptor–positive patients.

Objective: To establish and evaluate the pyroptosis model of rat chondrocytes induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Methods: A two-step enzymatic digestion method was used to obtain rat articular chondrocytes, inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphological structure of chondrocytes. Toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen(Col Ⅱ) staining were used to identify chondrocytes. Different mass concentrations of TNF-α(5, 10, 20, 40 ng/ml) were used to establish the pyroptosis model with TNF-α(0 ng/ml) as the control group. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method and proteins of pyroptosis signal were detected by Western blot. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in cultured supernatants were examined by ELISA kits. The expression of gasdermin D(GSDMD) in chondrocytes was detected by immunofluorescence. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of chondrocyte. Results: Compared with the control group, the cell viability of rat chondrocytes gradually decreased with the increase of TNF-α concentration and the expression of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein 3(NLRP3), caspase-1, GSDMD and Phospho-NF-κB p65(P-p65) proteins increased. Furthermore, TNF-α(20 ng/ml) could up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13), the fluorescence expression of GSDMD and the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 while the expression of Col Ⅱ was distinctly reduced. What′s more, the articular chondrocytes were swollen,and the microstructure was destroyed. Conclusion TNF-α(20 ng/ml) can cause the swelling and death of rat chondrocytes, degradation of cartilage matrix and activation of pyroptosis signaling pathway. The pyroptosis model of rat chondrocytes was successfully established.

Objective To establish a quality control system of volatile oil of Chunyang Zhengqi capsules. Methods The chromatogram of volatile oil was established by GC method, and the contents of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were determined. Results In 15 batches of samples, 19 common peaks were identified, and 9 characteristic peaks were selected to establish the characteristic spectrum. The linear ranges of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were 0.522 - 1.565 mg/ml (r=0.9994) and 3.038 - 9.115 mg/ml (r=0.9997), respectively. The average recoveries were 97.1% and 97.3%, with RSD of 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Conclusion The established GC characteristic map and content determination method could control the quality of essential oil in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules qualitatively and quantitatively. The method is accurate and feasible which could be used as the quality control method of essential oil in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Budesonide (BUD) on pulmonary vascular development and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in newborn rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) caused by intrauterine infection.Methods:The 15-day-pregnant SD rats were divided into control group and infection group [intraperitoneal injection of 0.35 mg/(kg·d) lipopolysaccharide], and the newborn rats born by the above groups were divided into 3 groups: BUD group (0.5 mg of BUD suspension), normal control group (NC group, equal amount of 9 g/L saline), BPD group (equal amount of 9 g/L saline), with 40 rats in each group, all of them were inhaled twice a day for 14 days.Ten newborn rats were selected at birth, on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th day after administration.Pulmonary histopathological changes and radial alveolar counts (RAC) were observed after HE staining, and the thickness of alveolar respiratory membrane was measured; the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD 31) in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the density of pulmonary microvessels was calculated; the expressions of VEGF, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were detected by Western blot; and the levels of serum interleukin( IL)-1β and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:With the increase of day-old, the lung tissue of newborn rats in NC group was gradually developed and matured, the structure of alveoli was clear, the size was uniform, the count was significantly increased, and no obvious pathological changes were observed.In BPD group, the lung tissue structure was disordered, the alveoli were different in size and few in count, and inflammatory cells were exuded from the alveoli or the alveoli space.Compared with BPD group, the pathological changes of lung tissue in BUD group were significantly reduced.On the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th day after administration, compared with NC group, the RAC, average integral optical density of CD 31 positive cells, density of pulmonary microvessel and level of VEGF protein in lung tissue of BPD group and BUD group were lower, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); while the thickness of respiratory membrane, level of NLRP3, Caspase-1 proteins in lung tissue and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Compared with BPD group, the RAC, average integral optical density of CD 31 positive cells, density of pulmonary microvessel and level of VEGF protein in lung tissue of BPD group and BUD group were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); while the thickness of respiratory membrane, level of NLRP3, Caspase-1 proteins in lung tissue and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 were significantly lower, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The occurrence and development of pathological changes of BPD newborn rats caused by intrauterine infection can affect the development of pulmonary vessels through the inflammatory response of lung tissue.BUD can alleviate pathological changes in lung tissues of BPD newborn rats by reducing inflammatory reaction and up-regulating VEGF expression, promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increasing pulmonary microvascular density.

Based on Yichang health big data platform, 850 608 patients from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in this study. According to the date of birth, the participants were divided into early childhood famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure group and non-famine exposure group. The incidence of adult herpes zoster (HZ) in Yichang city was analyzed, and the correlation between early life famine exposure and adult HZ was analyzed. In 2019, the crude incidence rate of adult HZ in Yichang was 6.83‰. The crude incidence rate of adult HZ in females (7.26‰) was higher than that in males (6.40‰). Compared with the non-famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure was associated with the incidence of adult HZ ( OR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.01-1.45, P=0.041). After stratification by sex, fetal famine exposure was only found to be associated with the onset of adult HZ in females ( OR=1.28, 95% CI:1.02-1.61, P=0.034).

Based on Yichang health big data platform, 850 608 patients from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in this study. According to the date of birth, the participants were divided into early childhood famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure group and non-famine exposure group. The incidence of adult herpes zoster (HZ) in Yichang city was analyzed, and the correlation between early life famine exposure and adult HZ was analyzed. In 2019, the crude incidence rate of adult HZ in Yichang was 6.83‰. The crude incidence rate of adult HZ in females (7.26‰) was higher than that in males (6.40‰). Compared with the non-famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure was associated with the incidence of adult HZ ( OR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.01-1.45, P=0.041). After stratification by sex, fetal famine exposure was only found to be associated with the onset of adult HZ in females ( OR=1.28, 95% CI:1.02-1.61, P=0.034).

Objective:To explore the reproductive health status of the female street cleaners in Chaoyang district of Beijing and its influencing factors.Methods:In July 2018, a total of 647 questionnaires were sent out to female road cleaning and sanitation workers in the whole district, 613 of which were valid, with an effective rate of 94.7%. Frequency or percentage (%) is used for statistical description of counting data, and mean standard deviation is used for measurement data. The influencing factors were analyzed by 2 test.Results:The average age of 613 female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing was 42.01 (SD=6.69) years old, including 535 married female workers (87.28%) , 356 middle school and below educated (58.08%) , 292 non Beijing registered (47.63%) , accounting for (/613) , (/613) female workers working hours >8 hours per day 110 (17.94%) , weekly rest <2 days 341 (55.63%) . 144 (23.49%) women workers did not have regular gynecological examination, 119 (19.41%) had reproductive tract infections, 177 (28.87%) had abnormal menstruation in recent 6 months. Drinking, sexual behavior outside marriage, night shift and job satisfaction were all the influencing factors ( P<0.05) . The increasing age, working years, drinking, household registration in other places and the decreasing satisfaction of women workers＇ rights and interests protection were all the influencing factors ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The reproductive health status of female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing is not optimistic.

The central air conditioning ventilation system plays an important role in the air circulation of buildings such as centralized isolation medical observation points and general public buildings. In order to meet the requirements of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, Beijing Preventive Medicine Association organized Beijing CDC and other professional institutes to write up the group standard entitled "Technical specification for health risk investigation of central air conditioning ventilation system during the COVID-19 epidemic (T/BPMA 0006-2020)" . According to the particularity of central air conditioning ventilation system risk control during the outbreak of similar respiratory infectious diseases, based on current laws and regulations and the principle of scientific, practical, consistency and normative, 8 key points of risk investigations were summarized, which were the location of fresh air outlet, air conditioning mode, air return mode, air system, air distribution, fresh air volume, exhaust and air conditioner components. The contents, process, method, data analysis and conclusion of the investigation implementation were also defined and unified. It could standardize and guide institutions such as disease control and health supervision to carry out relevant risk managements, and provided solutions and technical supports for such major public health emergencies in city operations.

Objective:To explore the reproductive health status of the female street cleaners in Chaoyang district of Beijing and its influencing factors.Methods:In July 2018, a total of 647 questionnaires were sent out to female road cleaning and sanitation workers in the whole district, 613 of which were valid, with an effective rate of 94.7%. Frequency or percentage (%) is used for statistical description of counting data, and mean standard deviation is used for measurement data. The influencing factors were analyzed by 2 test.Results:The average age of 613 female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing was 42.01 (SD=6.69) years old, including 535 married female workers (87.28%) , 356 middle school and below educated (58.08%) , 292 non Beijing registered (47.63%) , accounting for (/613) , (/613) female workers working hours >8 hours per day 110 (17.94%) , weekly rest <2 days 341 (55.63%) . 144 (23.49%) women workers did not have regular gynecological examination, 119 (19.41%) had reproductive tract infections, 177 (28.87%) had abnormal menstruation in recent 6 months. Drinking, sexual behavior outside marriage, night shift and job satisfaction were all the influencing factors ( P<0.05) . The increasing age, working years, drinking, household registration in other places and the decreasing satisfaction of women workers＇ rights and interests protection were all the influencing factors ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The reproductive health status of female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing is not optimistic.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features of histiocytic necmtizing lym-phadenitis( HNL) in children. Methods The clinical data and histological findings of 38 cases of HNL admitted in our hospital from June 2000 to May 2015 were reviewed. Results Most of the patients were school-age children with male-femal ratio of 1. 4: 1. The main clinical features were lymphadenopathy (100%),fever(68. 24%),leucocytopenia(52. 63%),rising of lymphocytes percentage(84. 21%). All of the lymph node excisional biopsy met the criterion of HNL. Some cases spontaneously relieved and some cases were treated with NSAID,glucocorticoid or immunoglobulin and benefited significantly. There was no recurrence. Conclusion The clinical situation is not specific. The diagnosis is established by lymph node ex-cisional biopsy. HNL is benign and self-limited disease. The effect of management using glucocorticoid, NSAID and immunoglobulin is remarkable. Long term follow-up is necessary.