Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

BackgroundSleep disorder in the first trimester is a fairly common health problem， and previous studies have mainly reflected the overall sleep quality through scale assessments， which may not accurately capture the differences among various subtypes. ObjectiveTo explore the latent profiles of sleep quality in first-trimester pregnant women and identify the physiological， psychological and social factors， in order to provide practical references for the development of personalized interventions for sleep disorders in first-trimester pregnant women. MethodsA total of 1 066 first-trimester pregnant women who visited the obstetric outpatient clinic of a tertiary A hospital in Shenzhen from October 2021 to October 2022 were investigated using the general information questionnaire， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS）， Chinese version of short International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ-S-C） and Social Capital Assessment Tool in Pregnancy for Maternal Health （SCAT-MH）. Then the sleep profiles were identified through latent profile analysis， and the robust mixture regression model was employed to determine the influencing factors of sleep profiles. ResultsA 3-profile solution showed the best fit： 732 cases （68.67%） of good sleep quality group， 87 cases （8.16%） of low sleep efficiency group， and 247 cases （23.17%） of daytime dysfunction group. In comparison with subjects in good sleep quality group， first-trimester pregnant women in low sleep efficiency group were at a younger age （OR=0.951， 95% CI： 0.922~0.980）， held a Bachelor's degree or above （OR=1.869， 95% CI： 1.260~2.773） and exhibited lower levels of social capital （OR=0.962， 95% CI： 0.951~0.973）， while those in daytime dysfunction group were at an older age （OR=1.072， 95% CI： 1.027~1.120） and had higher levels of depression （OR=1.166， 95% CI： 1.115~1.218）. Pregnant women who were workers （OR=0.507， 95% CI： 0.293~0.876） were less likely to report daytime dysfunction. ConclusionThree latent profiles with significant heterogeneity are derived from the sleep quality of first-trimester pregnant women， and levels of depression and social capital are the main influencing factors of sleep quality. ［Funded by Industry-University-Research Innovation Fund for Chinese Universities （number， 2023HT018）］

ObjectiveTo study the pharmacological substances and mechanisms through which sesquiterpene ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum improves neuroinflammation. MethodsBV-2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce neuroinflammation. The cells were divided into the normal group， the model group， and the ZH-13 low- and high-dose treatment groups （10， 20 μmol·L^-1）. The model group was treated with 1 μmol·L^-1 LPS. Cell viability was assessed using the cell proliferation and activity assay （CCK-8 kit）. Nitric oxide （NO） release in the cell supernatant was measured using a nitric oxide kit （Griess method）. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway proteins was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the model group， ZH-13 dose-dependently reduced NO release from BV-2 cells under LPS stimulation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the 20 μmol·L^-1 ZH-13 treatment group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， iNOS， and IL-6 were significantly reduced compared to the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In both the low- and high-dose ZH-13 groups， the expression of the inflammatory factor TNF-α and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） in the upstream MAPK pathway were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. After stimulation with the JNK agonist anisomycin （Ani）， both low- and high-dose ZH-13 treatment groups showed reduced phosphorylation of JNK proteins compared to the Ani-treated group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe sesquiterpene compound ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum significantly ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 cells by inhibiting excessive JNK phosphorylation and reducing TNF-α expression. These findings elucidate the pharmacological substances and mechanisms underlying the sedative and calming effects of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum.

Objective: To investigate the availability and use of child safety seats among children aged 0-3 years, so as to provide the basis for improving riding safety for children. Methods: Parents of children aged 0-3 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality, were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from May to July 2024. Demographic information, family travel patterns, the use of child safety seat and related health beliefs were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the use of child safety seats were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 514 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.98%. The respondents included 122 fathers (23.74%) and 392 mothers (76.26%), with a median age of 34.00 (interquartile range, 5.00) years. There were 446 families equipping with child safety seats, accounting for 86.77%; and 169 families using child safety seats, accounting for 32.88%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the parents who had children aged >1-2 years (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.366-0.973), travelled 2-4 times per month (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.213-0.607) or once per month or less (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.202-0.729), and scored high in perceived barrier (OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.486-0.827) were less likely to use child safety seats; the parents who had children with local household registration (OR=2.506, 95%CI: 1.356-4.633), travelled 5-<10 km (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.148-3.101) or ≥10 km (OR=2.319, 95%CI: 1.355-3.967), always wore seat belts (OR=2.342, 95%CI: 1.212-4.524), scored high in perceived susceptibility (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.091-1.778) and self-efficacy (OR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.156-1.727) were more likely to use child safety seats. Conclusions Equipping family cars with child safety seats and using them can prevent and reduce traffic injuries among children aged 0-3 years. It is recommended to strengthen publicity to promote the use of child safety seats.

OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic value of ultrasonographic quantitative indicators of umbilical cord coiling, such as the umbilical coiling index (UCI) and pitch value, in identifying hypercoiling and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of UCI, pitch value, and the cerebroplacental ratio in pregnancies complicated by umbilical cord hypercoiling. METHODS: Pregnant women with densely coiled umbilical cords identified by routine obstetric ultrasound at Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital between November 2022 and November 2024 were enrolled. Complete clinical data, including UCI, pitch value, and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), were collected. Pregnancy outcome scores were calculated, and newborns were categorized into the normal outcome group (n=177) and adverse outcome group (n=85), with the latter further subdivided into mild (n=51), moderate (n=19), and severe (n=15) subgroups. Differences in baseline data, UCI, pitch value, and incidence of CRP<1 were compared between groups and among subgroups. Correlations between UCI, pitch value, and adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the predictive performance of UCI, pitch value, CPR<1, and their combinations. RESULTS: Compared with the normal outcome group, the adverse outcome group had higher age, parity, parity, incidence of CPR<1, and UCI, while gestational age at delivery and pitch values were lower (all P<0.05). The incidence of obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The normal outcome group showed lower UCI and higher pitch values than all 3 adverse outcome subgroups (all P<0.05), while differences among the 3 adverse subgroups were not significant (all P>0.05). UCI was positively correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (r_s=0.350, P<0.05), whereas pitch value was negatively correlated (r_s=-0.286, P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for predicting adverse outcomes were 0.837 for UCI, 0.886 for pitch value, and 0.610 for CPR<1, with sensitivities of 77.6%, 82.4%, and 27.1% and specificities of 78.5%, 83.6%, and 94.9%, respectively. The combined UCI+CPR<1 and pitch value+CPR<1 models yielded AUCs of 0.841 and 0.886, with sensitivities of 78.8% and 81.2% and specificities of 78.5% and 84.2%, respectively. No significant differences were found between the AUCs of UCI and pitch value (P>0.05), but both outperformed CPR<1 alone (both P<0.001). The combined models showed no significant improvement over UCI or pitch value alone (both P>0.05), though both were superior to CPR<1 alone (both P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most umbilical cord hypercoiling cases had favorable outcomes, with UCI, pitch value, CPR<1 and their combinations demonstrating significant predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Adult ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods* ; Umbilical Cord/diagnostic imaging* ; Hemodynamics ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Infant, Newborn ; ROC Curve

Objective:Inflammation has been confirmed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss（SSNHL）, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） is a biomarker positively correlated with the degree of inflammation. This study aims to identify the difference in serum NLR between patients with SSNHL and normal population, and to evaluate the predictive efficacy of NLR for the occurrence and prognosis of SSNHL, thereby guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SSNHL. Methods:In this study, 96 patients diagnosed with SSNHL admitted to our department from January 2023 to March 2024 and 96 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps admitted to our department during the same period were recruited as a control group. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate independent related factors, and a nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of SSNHL. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the accuracy of prediction. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high level NLR（OR2.215; 95%CI1.597-3.073; P<0.001） were independently associated with the presence of SSNHL. High age（OR1.036; 95%CI1.009-1.067; P=0.012）, high FIB（OR2.35; 95%CI1.176-4.960; P=0.019） were the risk factor for SSNHL. Incorporating these 3 factors, a forest plot and a nomogram were generated. The ROC curve, nomogram and calibration curve showed that the model had good clinical practicability. A low NLR（OR0.598; 95%CI0.439-0.816; P<0.001） was significantly associated with a favorable prognosis of SSNHL. Conclusion:Elevated NLR can serve as an promising biomarker for assessing the risk of SSNHL. The nomograms calculation model may be utilized as a tool to estimate the probability of SSNHL. Low level NLR is significantly associated with a good prognosis of SSNHL.
Humans ; Neutrophils ; Female ; Male ; Lymphocytes ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/blood* ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Nomograms ; ROC Curve ; Adult ; Logistic Models ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Lymphocyte Count ; Inflammation/blood* ; Clinical Relevance

In recent years，with the increase in environmental pollution，organisms are exposed to more internal and external oxidative stress factors than ever before.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，NRF2），as a core transcription factor in response to oxidative stress，maintains cellular redox homeostasis by inducing the expression of various antioxidant factors.The nasal cavity，as the "gateway" of the respiratory tract，is often accompanied by oxidative stress（oxidative stress，OS）damage，leading to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis（allergic rhinitis，AR）.Recent studies have revealed some associations between the NRF2 signaling pathway and the mechanism of AR development.Activation of NRF2 provides a potential protective effect against AR，and some natural NRF2 activators have shown therapeutic potential in clinical experiments.Therefore，this article briefly reviews the relationship between NRF2 and AR，aiming to provide a new therapeutic target and perspective for the treatment of AR.
NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Oxidative Stress

Amoenucles A-F (1-6), six previously undescribed nucleoside derivatives, and two known analogs (7 and 8) were isolated from the culture of Aspergillus amoenus TJ507. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactions. Notably, 3 and 4 represent the first reported instances of nucleosides with an attached pyrrole moiety. Of particular significance, the absolute configuration of the sugar moiety of 1-4 was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and a hydrolysis reaction, presenting a potentially valuable method for confirming nucleoside structures. Furthermore, 1, 2, and 5-8 exhibited potential tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitory activities, which may provide a novel chemical template for the development of agents targeting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleosides/isolation & purification* ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The latest research findings on bidirectional regulation of neuro-immunity through traditional neural circuits shed new light on the theoretical basis of the role of vidian neurectomy (VN). This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of VN, including the history of VN, the principle of neuroimmuno-interaction, the applied anatomy of VN as well as the methods of transnasal endoscopic surgery. Additionally, we introduce the concept of the nose-brain axis, which was proposed based on the advancement in the area of neuro-immune interactions.

Objective:To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a fetus diagnosed with Congenital myasthenic syndrome type 16 (CMS16).Methods:A couple who had visited Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in February 2018 due to "adverse outcome of two pregnancies" was selected as the study subject. Clinical data was gathered. Peripheral blood and amniotic fluid samples were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Low-depth whole-genome sequencing was carried out to detect copy number variation (CNV) in the fetus.Results:The couple′s first pregnancy had resulted in a miscarriage at 27 + 5 weeks, when ultrasound had revealed pleural effusion and polyhydramnios in the fetus. Their second pregnancy was terminated at 30 + 5 weeks due to fetal hand malformations, polyhydramnios and pleural fluid. Both couple had denied family history of genetic conditions. For their third pregnancy, no CNV abnormality was detected, whilst a compound heterozygous variants, including a maternally derived c. 3172C>T (p.R1058W) and paternal c. 1431delG (p.K477fs*89) in the SCN4A gene were detected. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the c. 3172C>T (p.R1058W) was predicted as a likely pathogenic variant (PM1+ PM2_supporting+ PP3+ PP4), whilst the c. 1431delG (p.K477fs*89) was predicted as a pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_supporting+ PP4). Conclusion:The c. 3172C>T (p.R1058W) and c. 1431delG (p.K477fs*89) compound heterozygous variants of the SCN4A gene probably underlay the CMS16 in the third fetus.