Objective:To identify the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients.Methods:Medical records of elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅳ, who underwent unilateral THA from June 2013 to May 2019, were retrospectively collected. Postoperative screening for DVT was performed using Doppler ultrasound, and the patients were divided into non-DVT group and DVT group based on the results. Logistic regression analysis was then employed to identify the risk factors associated with DVT.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that female, preoperative C-reaction protein concentration>8 mg/L, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative transfer to intensive care unit were independent risk factors for DVT after THA in elderly patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Female, preoperative C-reaction protein concentration>8 mg/L, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative transfer to intensive care unit are independent risk factors for DVT in lower limbs following THA in elderly patients.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients.Methods:Medical records of elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅳ, who underwent unilateral THA from June 2013 to May 2019, were retrospectively collected. Postoperative screening for DVT was performed using Doppler ultrasound, and the patients were divided into non-DVT group and DVT group based on the results. Logistic regression analysis was then employed to identify the risk factors associated with DVT.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that female, preoperative C-reaction protein concentration>8 mg/L, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative transfer to intensive care unit were independent risk factors for DVT after THA in elderly patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Female, preoperative C-reaction protein concentration>8 mg/L, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative transfer to intensive care unit are independent risk factors for DVT in lower limbs following THA in elderly patients.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China.Methods:Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed.Results:6 893 patients in CP ( n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph + ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph + ACA, poorer TFS; Ph + ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion:At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.

Objective:To explore the effects of simulated microgravity on carotid oxidative stress and anti-oxidative stress in rats by using a rat tail-suspension model to simulate the hemodynamic changes caused by microgravity.Methods:Twelve healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were completely randomized into control group and simulated suspension group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in control group were fed in standard laboratory environment and could move freely. The feeding environment of the simulated suspension group rats was the same as that of the control group, and the tail suspension was maintained for 4 weeks. The differentially expressed genes in carotid tissue were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and analyzed by volcano plot, Venn diagram and heatmap. The differentially expressed genes were further analyzed by Gene Ontology and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Dihydroethidium staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in rat carotid artery. Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of pro-oxidative stress factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 and anti-oxidative stress factors Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1 in each group. The contents/activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in each group were detected using the thiobarbituric acid method, 4-[2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate sodium method and colorimetry.Results:Compared with the rats in control group, the wet weight of soleus muscle and the ratio of the wet weight of soleus muscle to body weight in simulated suspension group rats were decreased ( t=19.98, 17.34, both P<0.001), and the differences were significant. Eighty differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress were screened by transcriptional sequencing (52 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated), which were closely related to vascular remodeling pathways, including cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signal pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signal pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis-related signal pathways. These genes were mainly involved in response to antioxidant defense, chaperone-mediated autophagy, stress fiber, contractile actin filament bundle, actin filament bundle, growth factor activity, chaperone binding and cytokine activity. Compared with the control group, the levels of reactive oxygen species ( t=3.83, P=0.028) and malondialdehyde ( t=8.75, P<0.001) in the simulated suspension group were significantly increased. The protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 ( t=11.49 , P<0.001) was significantly increased, with statistical significance. The activities of antioxidant stress related factors superoxide dismutase ( t=6.44, P=0.001), catalase ( t=6.83, P=0.001), and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ( t=3.46, P=0.003), and nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 ( t=28.18, P<0.001), heme oxygenase-1 ( t=8.03, P<0.001), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( t=9.71, P<0.001) were significantly decreased, the protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 ( t=5.06, P<0.001) was increased, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:Simulated microgravity can enhance the level of carotid oxidative stress in rats, including promoting the expression of pro-oxidative stress-related factors and suppressing the activity of anti-oxidative stress pathways. Their combined action will lead to the oxidative stress injury of carotid arteries. This process may be one of the key mechanisms involved in the remodeling of arterial structure and function induced by simulated microgravity.

Objective:To explore the effects of simulated microgravity on carotid oxidative stress and anti-oxidative stress in rats by using a rat tail-suspension model to simulate the hemodynamic changes caused by microgravity.Methods:Twelve healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were completely randomized into control group and simulated suspension group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in control group were fed in standard laboratory environment and could move freely. The feeding environment of the simulated suspension group rats was the same as that of the control group, and the tail suspension was maintained for 4 weeks. The differentially expressed genes in carotid tissue were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and analyzed by volcano plot, Venn diagram and heatmap. The differentially expressed genes were further analyzed by Gene Ontology and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Dihydroethidium staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in rat carotid artery. Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of pro-oxidative stress factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 and anti-oxidative stress factors Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1 in each group. The contents/activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in each group were detected using the thiobarbituric acid method, 4-[2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate sodium method and colorimetry.Results:Compared with the rats in control group, the wet weight of soleus muscle and the ratio of the wet weight of soleus muscle to body weight in simulated suspension group rats were decreased ( t=19.98, 17.34, both P<0.001), and the differences were significant. Eighty differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress were screened by transcriptional sequencing (52 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated), which were closely related to vascular remodeling pathways, including cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signal pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signal pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis-related signal pathways. These genes were mainly involved in response to antioxidant defense, chaperone-mediated autophagy, stress fiber, contractile actin filament bundle, actin filament bundle, growth factor activity, chaperone binding and cytokine activity. Compared with the control group, the levels of reactive oxygen species ( t=3.83, P=0.028) and malondialdehyde ( t=8.75, P<0.001) in the simulated suspension group were significantly increased. The protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 ( t=11.49 , P<0.001) was significantly increased, with statistical significance. The activities of antioxidant stress related factors superoxide dismutase ( t=6.44, P=0.001), catalase ( t=6.83, P=0.001), and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ( t=3.46, P=0.003), and nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 ( t=28.18, P<0.001), heme oxygenase-1 ( t=8.03, P<0.001), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( t=9.71, P<0.001) were significantly decreased, the protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 ( t=5.06, P<0.001) was increased, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:Simulated microgravity can enhance the level of carotid oxidative stress in rats, including promoting the expression of pro-oxidative stress-related factors and suppressing the activity of anti-oxidative stress pathways. Their combined action will lead to the oxidative stress injury of carotid arteries. This process may be one of the key mechanisms involved in the remodeling of arterial structure and function induced by simulated microgravity.

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin′s team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.