Objective To explore the immediate and short-term effects of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill in the intervention of coronary slow flow(CSF).Methods Through Interactive Web Response System,Sixty-four patients with CSF from Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were divided into a Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(32 patients)and a placebo group(32 patients)in a 1∶1 ratio in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.After sublingual administration of four capsules of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo,coronary angiography was repeated,and the corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)and microcirculatory resistance index(caIMR)were measured to evaluate immediate blood flow velocity.After taking Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo for 12 weeks,the short-term efficacy was evaluated using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,blood stasis syndrome,and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)scores.Results The CTFC and caIMR were lower after administration in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(P＜0.05)than in the placebo group,and the differences in pre-and post-administration values between the two groups were significant(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons showed that the CTFC and caIMR in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower after administration than before administration(P＜0.01).After 12 weeks of treatment,the blood stasis and TCM syndrome scores in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower than those in the placebo group,whereas the SAQ score was higher than that in the placebo group(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons indicated that the blood stasis syndrome score in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group was lower after treatment than before treatment,whereas the TCM syndrome score in both groups was lower and the SAQ score was higher after treatment than before treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill improve the immediate blood flow velocity of CSF,enhance the quality of life of patients,reduce the TCM syndrome and blood stasis syndrome scores,and have good safety.

OBJECTIVE To explore the implementation and standardized management of infection control core ele-ments in grass-roots medical institutions within county-level medical communities.METHODS From Mar.2024 to Apr.2024,the current status of implementation of infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institu-tions within county-level medical communities was investigated by means of questionnaire survey and qualita-tive interview,and the implementation strategies were further explored.RESULTS The infection management or-ganizational system and functions of the two county-level medical institutions within the county medical communi-ties were completed,there is no independent hospital infection management department in the primary medical in-stitutions.The infection management personnel in the 16 grass-roots medical institutions were part-time person-nel,the personnel with the educational background below junior college accounted for 84.21％,the personnel with the professional background of nursing accounted for 100.00％,the personnel with less than 5 years of working experience accounted for 78.95％,none of them had an on-the-job training certificate.The monitoring programs of the county-level medical institutions within the county medical communities were completed,there was no infec-tion management monitoring information platform in the grass-roots medical institutions.The infection cases,hand hygiene,environmental health and occupational exposures were monitored by people.The grass-roots medi-cal institutions had the highest requirements for various professional trainings and increase of training contents of prevention and control of public health infectious diseases(100.00％).The county-level medical institutions had inadequate capabilities of professional examination of medical equipment replacement and construction of medi-cal architecture.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the country and local levels of governments to attach great importance to the implementation of the infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institutions within the county-lev-el medical communities,establish the county-level regional information platform,formulate the corresponding surveil-lance indexes and homogenized management systems,complete the cultivation of talents,and offer financial support.

The 2024 update of the Lancet Commission on Dementia synthesizes new research findings since the 2020 report, presenting promising evidence for the prevention, intervention, and care of dementia.This paper explored the key elements of risk factor management as delineated in the report.Currently recognized risk factors associated with cognitive impairment include less education, hearing loss, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, social isolation, and air pollution.Furthermore, the updated report identifies vision loss and elevated LDL cholesterol as significant contributors to cognitive decline.This article reviewed the most recent evidence-based findings and examines potential underlying mechanisms related to these 14 identified risk factors.It aims to extract strategies for preventing cognitive impairment and proposes a life-course model for managing these risks.Theoretically, addressing these 14 risk factors could avert up to 45% of dementia cases.The paper concluded with forward-looking recommendations for the effective management of cognitive impairment risk factors and outlines directions for future research.

Objective:To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of health behaviors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) .Methods:A three-phase hybrid concept analysis method was used. In the theoretical phase, a systematic literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCO, covering publications up to April 30, 2024. In the fieldwork study, using the purposive sampling method, 8 community residents, 2 family members of residents, and 2 community workers were selected from Wuhan, Yichang, Neijiang, Zigong, Taiyuan, and Dongguan for semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to April 2024. In the analytical, data were compared and integrated.Results:TCM health behaviors are defined as multidimensional and multi-stage actions guided by TCM theories and techniques, aimed at preventing, maintaining, or promoting physical, mental, social, and moral well-being of oneself and others. A total of 8 core attributes were identified: acupoint-based health preservation, diet and herbal maintenance, daily routine regulation, exercise and qigong practice, emotional cultivation, simple lifestyle adjustments, utilization of TCM health resources, and participation in TCM health-related decision-making. Antecedents involve individual, social, environmental, and TCM-specific factors, while consequences include self-health promotion, support of others' well-being, and the dissemination of TCM culture.Conclusions:This study clarified the conceptual structure of TCM health behaviors. The findings can inform the development of localized assessment tools and intervention strategies, thereby supporting clinical nursing practice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the implementation and standardized management of infection control core ele-ments in grass-roots medical institutions within county-level medical communities.METHODS From Mar.2024 to Apr.2024,the current status of implementation of infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institu-tions within county-level medical communities was investigated by means of questionnaire survey and qualita-tive interview,and the implementation strategies were further explored.RESULTS The infection management or-ganizational system and functions of the two county-level medical institutions within the county medical communi-ties were completed,there is no independent hospital infection management department in the primary medical in-stitutions.The infection management personnel in the 16 grass-roots medical institutions were part-time person-nel,the personnel with the educational background below junior college accounted for 84.21％,the personnel with the professional background of nursing accounted for 100.00％,the personnel with less than 5 years of working experience accounted for 78.95％,none of them had an on-the-job training certificate.The monitoring programs of the county-level medical institutions within the county medical communities were completed,there was no infec-tion management monitoring information platform in the grass-roots medical institutions.The infection cases,hand hygiene,environmental health and occupational exposures were monitored by people.The grass-roots medi-cal institutions had the highest requirements for various professional trainings and increase of training contents of prevention and control of public health infectious diseases(100.00％).The county-level medical institutions had inadequate capabilities of professional examination of medical equipment replacement and construction of medi-cal architecture.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the country and local levels of governments to attach great importance to the implementation of the infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institutions within the county-lev-el medical communities,establish the county-level regional information platform,formulate the corresponding surveil-lance indexes and homogenized management systems,complete the cultivation of talents,and offer financial support.

Objective To explore the immediate and short-term effects of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill in the intervention of coronary slow flow(CSF).Methods Through Interactive Web Response System,Sixty-four patients with CSF from Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were divided into a Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(32 patients)and a placebo group(32 patients)in a 1∶1 ratio in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.After sublingual administration of four capsules of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo,coronary angiography was repeated,and the corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)and microcirculatory resistance index(caIMR)were measured to evaluate immediate blood flow velocity.After taking Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo for 12 weeks,the short-term efficacy was evaluated using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,blood stasis syndrome,and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)scores.Results The CTFC and caIMR were lower after administration in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(P＜0.05)than in the placebo group,and the differences in pre-and post-administration values between the two groups were significant(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons showed that the CTFC and caIMR in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower after administration than before administration(P＜0.01).After 12 weeks of treatment,the blood stasis and TCM syndrome scores in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower than those in the placebo group,whereas the SAQ score was higher than that in the placebo group(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons indicated that the blood stasis syndrome score in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group was lower after treatment than before treatment,whereas the TCM syndrome score in both groups was lower and the SAQ score was higher after treatment than before treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill improve the immediate blood flow velocity of CSF,enhance the quality of life of patients,reduce the TCM syndrome and blood stasis syndrome scores,and have good safety.

Objective:To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of health behaviors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) .Methods:A three-phase hybrid concept analysis method was used. In the theoretical phase, a systematic literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCO, covering publications up to April 30, 2024. In the fieldwork study, using the purposive sampling method, 8 community residents, 2 family members of residents, and 2 community workers were selected from Wuhan, Yichang, Neijiang, Zigong, Taiyuan, and Dongguan for semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to April 2024. In the analytical, data were compared and integrated.Results:TCM health behaviors are defined as multidimensional and multi-stage actions guided by TCM theories and techniques, aimed at preventing, maintaining, or promoting physical, mental, social, and moral well-being of oneself and others. A total of 8 core attributes were identified: acupoint-based health preservation, diet and herbal maintenance, daily routine regulation, exercise and qigong practice, emotional cultivation, simple lifestyle adjustments, utilization of TCM health resources, and participation in TCM health-related decision-making. Antecedents involve individual, social, environmental, and TCM-specific factors, while consequences include self-health promotion, support of others' well-being, and the dissemination of TCM culture.Conclusions:This study clarified the conceptual structure of TCM health behaviors. The findings can inform the development of localized assessment tools and intervention strategies, thereby supporting clinical nursing practice.

The 2024 update of the Lancet Commission on Dementia synthesizes new research findings since the 2020 report, presenting promising evidence for the prevention, intervention, and care of dementia.This paper explored the key elements of risk factor management as delineated in the report.Currently recognized risk factors associated with cognitive impairment include less education, hearing loss, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, social isolation, and air pollution.Furthermore, the updated report identifies vision loss and elevated LDL cholesterol as significant contributors to cognitive decline.This article reviewed the most recent evidence-based findings and examines potential underlying mechanisms related to these 14 identified risk factors.It aims to extract strategies for preventing cognitive impairment and proposes a life-course model for managing these risks.Theoretically, addressing these 14 risk factors could avert up to 45% of dementia cases.The paper concluded with forward-looking recommendations for the effective management of cognitive impairment risk factors and outlines directions for future research.

OBJECTIVE：To reevaluate the guidelines/cons ensus，systematic review/Meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs）in the prevention of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury ，and to provide evidence-based reference for its clinical use. METHODS： The relevant guidelines/consensus and systematic review/Meta-analysis literatures at home and abroad were systematically reviewed ，and the re evaluation was carried out from the effectiveness ，safety and economy dimensions to analyze the current situation of clinical use of PPIs in the prevention of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury in adults and children. RESULTS ： A total of 14 clinical guidelines/consensus and 10 systematic review/Meta-analysis literatures of PPIs for the prevention of drug-related gastrointestinal injury at home and abroad were sorted out and included. In terms of effectiveness ，PPIs could prevent various drug-related gastric mucosal damage ，gastrointestinal bleeding and other damage to the digestive tract ，but PPIs had not yet obtained the indication for children in China ；PPIs were widely used in the treatment of children ’s digestive tract diseases ，which belonged to off-label medication. In terms of safety ，the common adverse reactions of PPIs included headache ，gastrointestinal symptoms，etc. There may be risks of kidney disease and fracture during long-term application. In terms of economy ，for some patients with digestive tract and cardiovascular disease risk ，the economic benefit of NSAIDs combined with PPIs were higher ； esomeprazole 20 mg and 40 mg daily were equally effective in preventing ulcer recurrence caused by NSAIDs ，but increasing the dose could not improve the preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS ：The preventive effect of PPIs on drug-induced gastrointestinal injury is supported by evidence-based evidence. It has good safety in adults and has certain economic benefits ；but it belongs to off-label drug use in children in China ，and the safety and economy still need to refer to the results of adult studies. In the future ，a number of multicenter prospective clinical studies based on Chinese pediatric population are still needed to provide more support for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury by PPIs in children.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the selection of inhaled corticosteroids （ICS） in clinic. METHODS： A questionnaire survey was conducted among pediatricians from medical institutions of 11 provinces （districts， cities） to analyze the drug selection and reasons， dosage form selection [by comprehensive score （CS）] of 3 kinds of ICS as budesonide （BUD）， beclomethasone （BDP） and fluticasone （FP）， medication compliance and influential factors （by CS）. RESULTS： A total of 200 questionnaires were sent out， and 196 valid questionnaires were collected with effective rate of 98.00％. Pediatric clinicians preferred BUD as a control drug for asthma in children （158 cases， 80.61％）， followed by FP （22 cases， 11.22％） and BDP （2 cases， 1.02％） and the rest had no tendency （14 cases， 7.14％）. Clinicians who chose BUD mainly believed that the drug had better clinical efficacy， and was more recommended by guidelines and experts， more recognized by patients and so on. In addition， of all inhalation equipment for children asthma， pediatric clinicians believed that parents or children were more easier to master atomizer （CS： 4.04）， followed by pressurized metered dose inhalers （pMDI） （with spacer） （CS： 2.75）， pMDI （without spacer） （CS： 1.71）， dry powder inhalers （DPI） （turbuhaler） （CS： 1.46） and DPI （accuhaler） （CS： 1.08）. For the evaluation of patients’ medication compliance， 48 （24.49％）， 88 （44.90％）， 58 （29.59％） pediatricians thought that the actual administration accounted for ＜50％， 50％-74％， 75％-99％ of the medical order dosages， respectively. Only 2 （1.02％） subjects thought that the patients would fully obey. The main factors affecting children’s medication compliance were worrying about side effects of long-term medication （CS： 9.19）， drug withdrawal after improvement （CS： 8.16）， and children’s treatment incompatibility （CS： 7.82）. CONCLUSIONS： Pediatricians tend to choose BUD as drug for asthma control， and atomizer is treated as the easiest inhalation equipment for children. At the same time， pediatricians have low evaluation on the medication compliance of parents and children.