[Objective] To assess the data characteristics of quality monitoring indicators for red blood cell (RBC) preparations, so as to provide reference for continuous improvement of blood quality. [Methods] The quality inspection data of 6 types of RBC preparations from Chongqing blood center from 2019 to 2023 were summarized. For the same indicators, the numerical range of quality indicators was monitored by comparing different types of preparations with the national standard GB18469. The loss and/or damage to RBCs caused by different preparation process were compared, and the impact of different preparation processes on the quality of RBCs was discussed. [Results] The appearance and sterility test compliance rates of the six types of RBC preparations were both 100%, while the compliance rates of other items were all ≥75%. The compliance rate of hematocrit for suspended RBCs was the lowest at 75%, with a median of 0.52, which was close to the lower limit of GB18469, while the medians of hematocrit for the other types were all at the midline level of GB18469. The Hb content for different types of RBCs was significantly higher than the corresponding requirements of GB18469 (P<0.05). The hemolysis rate at the end of storage for different types of RBCs was significantly lower than the requirements of GB18469 (P<0.05). The 1 U leukoreduction process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of about 5% and had a significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P<0.05). The washing process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of <3% and had no significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P>0.05). The concentration process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of <3% and had a significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The impact of different processes on RBC preparations is within a controllable range and meets the requirements of GB18469. The quality monitoring data can provide a reference for clinical blood selection, effectiveness evaluation and revision of related standards.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-positive bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 3 163 strains of Gram-positive pathogens were collected from 51 member units，and the top five bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 147，36.3%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=928，29.3%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=369，11.7%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=296，9.4%）and alpha-hemolyticus Streptococci（ n=192，6.1%）. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）were 26.4%（303/1 147）and 66.7%（619/928），respectively. No glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. The sensitivity rates of Staphylococcus aureus to cefpirome，rifampin，compound sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline and tigecycline were all >95.0%. Enterococcus faecium was more prevalent than Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and teicoplanin were both 0.5%（2/369），and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The detection rate of MRSA in southern China was significantly lower than that in other regions（ χ2=14.578， P=0.002），while the detection rate of MRCNS in northern China was significantly higher than that in other regions（ χ2=15.195， P=0.002）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in provincial hospitals were higher than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=13.519 and 12.136， P<0.001）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in economically more advanced regions（per capita GDP≥92 059 Yuan in 2022）were higher than those in economically less advanced regions（per capita GDP<92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=9.969 and 7.606， P=0.002和0.006）. Conclusions:Among the Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China， Staphylococci is the most common while the MRSA incidence decreases continuously with time；the detection rate of Enterococcus faecium exceeds that of Enterococcus faecalis. The overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is still at a low level. The composition ratio of Gram-positive pathogens and resistant profiles varies slightly across regions of China，with the prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS being more pronounced in provincial hospitals and areas with a per capita GDP≥92 059 yuan.

To investigate the effects of Pithecellobium clypearia extract on the tissue structure,in-flammatory lesions as well as microbial diversity in the intestinal of yellow-feathered broilers.2401-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups(groups A,B,C and D),groups A,B and C were supplemented with Pithecellobium clypearia extract in basal diets with concentrations of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 g/kg,respectively.Group D served as the control group without adding Pithecellobium clypearia extract in diets,and the full trial period lasted for 70 d.Duodenum and jejunum samples were collected on the 20th,40th and 70th days of the test,the vil-lous/crypt ratio of duodenum and jejunum were calculated,and the mRNA expression level of in-flammatory cytokine as well as related pathways were detected in each group,respectively.In addition,the contents of cecum were collected at 70 th day of the experiment and the microbial di-versity in cecum were also analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing.The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of Pithecellobium clypearia extract in the diet could significantly increase the veloci-ty height/crypt depth ratio of duodenum and jejunum(P＜0.05)compared to control group,as well as the mRNA expression level of tight junction protein(CLDN1 and CLDN5)in jejunum,which further improved the structure of mucous of intestinal.Pithecellobium clypearia extract could significantly(P＜0.05)decrease the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokine inclu-ding IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α,as well as the related pathway genes such as TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in jejunum,thus reduced the inflammatory lesions in intestinal.Pithecellobium clypearia ex-tract also could significantly increase the abundance of beneficial microbial such as Parabacteroide and Prevotellaceae,while significantly decrease the abundance of pathogenic microbial such as Proteobacteria in cecum(P＜0.05)and improve the microbial diversity in intestinal.In summary,Pithecellobium clypearia extract could improve the structure of intestinal tissue and the gut barri-er function,as well as the microbial diversity in cecum,and also decrease the inflammatory lesions in jejunum,which is helpful to the intestinal health for yellow-feathered broilers.The present study provides scientific basis for the development of Pithecellobium clypearia as a safe feed additive in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)on articular cartilage superficial zone cells(SPZCs).Methods C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups:a sham operated group(sham group)and a group of surgically induced unstable medial meniscus model group(DMM group).The histological morphology of articular cartilage was microscopied by Safranin O/Fast Green-stained in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after surgery.Apoptosis and FGFR3 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical staining mi-croscopy.Primary SPZCs were separated and randomly divided into control group and Fgfr3 knockdown treatment group.The genes and protein expression related to chondrocyte extra cellular matrix synthesis,degradation and chondrocytehypertrophy were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the sham group,the keen cartilage of mice in DMM group showed a pioneer damage of SPZCs after surgery;Immunohistochemistry results showed an increase in chondrocyte apoptosis and a decrease in expression of MMP-13 and FGFR3(P＜0.05).Primary SPZCs were transfected with small interfering RNA(siRNA)to knockdown Fgfr3;RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of genes related to the synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix aggrecan and Col2 was reduced;And the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix degradation-related genes Mmp13 and Adamts5 was increased.The mRNA expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy-related genes Col10 and Mmp13 was increased.Western blot and RT-qPCR results were consistent and the expression l of MMP13 protein was significantly increased,while the expression of collagenⅡand aggrecan protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Knockdown of Fgfr3 induces damage to primary SPZCs in mice resulting in early osteoarthritis(OA)development.