ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Bushen Zhuyun Formula（补肾助孕方， BZF） on macrophage pola-rization in mouse uterine tissue with embryo implantation failure based on the janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty female and 25 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups including blank group， model group， low- and high-dose BZF groups， and dydrogesterone group， with 10 female and 5 male mice in each group. Except for the blank group， female mice in the estrous phase were subjected to superovulation induction. At 18：00 on the same day， female mice were co-housed with male mice at a ratio of 2∶1. The presence of sperm in vaginal exfoliated cells was examined on the following day， which was designated as gestational day 1 （GD1）. On GD4， an oil-based mifepristone solution was subcutaneously injected into the neck region of female mice to establish an embryo implantation dysfunction model. Beginning on GD1， mice in the low- and high-dose BZF groups were given 11.18 and 22.36 g/kg of the BZF solution by gavage， respectively. The dydrogesterone group was given 2.6 mg/kg of dydrogesterone solution by gavage. The blank group and the model group were given 10 g/kg of normal saline by gavage once daily. Interventions were administered once a day until GD4. On GD5， uterine tissues were collected， and HE staining was performed to evaluate endometrial morphology， endometrial thickness， and glandular number in female mice. The proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages in uterine tissues were detected by flow cytometry， and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in uterine tissue were measured by ELISA. The protein expression levels of Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， phosphorylated JAK2 （p-JAK2）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） in uterine tissue were detected by western blotting， and the mRNA expressions of JAK2， STAT3， IL-10， and TGF-β1 in uterine tissue was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. ResultsCompared to the blank group， the model group exhibited smaller and straighter endometrial glands， denser stroma， and fewer blood vessels， with reduced endometrial thickness and decreased glandular numbers. The proportion of M1 macrophages in uterine tissue increased， while the proportion of M2 macrophages and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 decreased. The protein expression levels of JAK2， p-JAK2， STAT3， and p-STAT3， as well as the p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratios， were reduced. The mRNA expressions of JAK2， STAT3， IL-10， and TGF-β1 also decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared to the model group， the above indicators were improved in the low- and high-dose BZF groups， while some indicators were improved in the dydrogesterone group （P＜0.05）. Compared to the dydrogesterone group and the low-dose BZF group， the high-dose BZF group showed superior effects in improving endometrial morphology， endometrial thickness， glandular number， the proportion of M1 macrophages in uterine tissues， TGF-β1 levels， JAK2， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 protein expression levels， the p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-JAK2/JAK2 ratios， as well as JAK2， IL-10， and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions （P＜0.05）. ConclusionBZF can improve the morphology of the endometrium during implantation in mice with embryo implantation failure， which may be related to specific regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， modulation of macrophage polarization， and promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.

This study aims to explore whether Guzheng playing training has a positive impact on the brain functional state of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on power spectral and sample entropy analyses. Eight ASD participants were selected to undergo four months of Guzheng playing training, with one month as a training cycle. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and behavioral data were collected for comparative analysis. The results showed that after Guzheng playing training, the relative power of the alpha band in the occipital lobe of ASD children increased, and the relative power of the theta band in the parietal lobe decreased. The differences compared with typically developing (TD) children were narrowed. Moreover, some channels exhibited a gradual increase or decrease in power with the extended training period. Meanwhile, the sample entropy parameter also showed a similar upward trend, which was consistent with the behavioral data representation. The study shows that Guzheng training can enhance the brain function of ASD patients, with better effects from longer training. Guzheng playing training could be used as a daily intervention for autism.
Humans ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Music Therapy ; Child ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Autistic Disorder/therapy*

Objective: To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods: From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels <20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency. Results: Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages ( OR =1.51), plant protein beverages ( OR =1.61), and milk tea beverages ( OR =1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables ( OR =0.77) and pure milk and yogurt ( OR =0.74) (all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls ( OR =2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys ( OR =1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P <0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students ( OR =1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students ( OR =1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of total salvianolic acid(TSA)on macrophage polarization and mesenchymal macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Methods:Mice were randomly separated into liver cancer group,TSA low concentra-tion group,TSA medium concentration group,TSA high concentration group,TSA high concentration+TLR4 inhibitor(TAK242)group and control group,with 12 mice in each group.Except for control group,mice in all other groups were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla to construct liver cancer models by intraperitoneal transmission of third-generation H22 cell suspension.After suc-cessful modeling,administration was carried out once a day for 2 weeks.Changes in tumor weight,tumor volume,spleen index and thymus index were detected.Immunofluorescence was applied to detect proportions of CD86 and CD206 positive cells in tumor tissue.ELISA was applied to detect levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 and IL-10 in tumor tissues.Flow cytometry was ap-plied to detect proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue.Western blot was applied to detect TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 pro-teins in tumor tissue.The life quality and survival rate of mice were observed.Results:Compared with control group,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were reduced in liver cancer group,while proportion of CD206 positive cells and level of IL-10 in tumor tissue were increased(P<0.05).Compared with liver cancer group,tumor weight and volume of mice in TSA low,medium,high concentration groups were decreased,while survival rate,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were increased,proportion of CD206 positive cells,level of IL-10,and proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue decreased(P<0.05).TAK242 reversed the effects of high concentration TSA on macrophage polarization and myeloid macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice.Conclusion:TSA may promote M1 polari-zation of macrophages in liver cancer bearing mice and inhibit myeloid macrophage infiltration by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To construct a competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students, and provide theoretical basis for practical research on improving their psychosomatic medical cognitive abilities.Methods:Based on a literature review and behavioral event interviews with 20 medical students, a 23-item questionnaire was developed to assess the cognitive abilities of medical students in psychosomatic medicine. In October 2023, a stratified random sampling method was used to select third- and fourth-year undergraduates from the affiliated clinical college of a medical university for a questionnaire survey on the Questionnaire Star platform. SPSS 22.0 software was used for item analysis, internal consistency analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. AMOS 21.0 software was employed for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:Based on the reliability and validity analysis of the questionnaire, two items were removed, and a competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students was constructed. The model consisted of 21 items in the three dimensions of knowledge, skill, and attitude.Conclusions:The competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students shows high reliability and validity in statistical analysis, thereby contributing to the cultivation of their psychosomatic medical cognitive abilities.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of total salvianolic acid(TSA)on macrophage polarization and mesenchymal macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Methods:Mice were randomly separated into liver cancer group,TSA low concentra-tion group,TSA medium concentration group,TSA high concentration group,TSA high concentration+TLR4 inhibitor(TAK242)group and control group,with 12 mice in each group.Except for control group,mice in all other groups were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla to construct liver cancer models by intraperitoneal transmission of third-generation H22 cell suspension.After suc-cessful modeling,administration was carried out once a day for 2 weeks.Changes in tumor weight,tumor volume,spleen index and thymus index were detected.Immunofluorescence was applied to detect proportions of CD86 and CD206 positive cells in tumor tissue.ELISA was applied to detect levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 and IL-10 in tumor tissues.Flow cytometry was ap-plied to detect proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue.Western blot was applied to detect TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 pro-teins in tumor tissue.The life quality and survival rate of mice were observed.Results:Compared with control group,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were reduced in liver cancer group,while proportion of CD206 positive cells and level of IL-10 in tumor tissue were increased(P<0.05).Compared with liver cancer group,tumor weight and volume of mice in TSA low,medium,high concentration groups were decreased,while survival rate,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were increased,proportion of CD206 positive cells,level of IL-10,and proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue decreased(P<0.05).TAK242 reversed the effects of high concentration TSA on macrophage polarization and myeloid macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice.Conclusion:TSA may promote M1 polari-zation of macrophages in liver cancer bearing mice and inhibit myeloid macrophage infiltration by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To construct a competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students, and provide theoretical basis for practical research on improving their psychosomatic medical cognitive abilities.Methods:Based on a literature review and behavioral event interviews with 20 medical students, a 23-item questionnaire was developed to assess the cognitive abilities of medical students in psychosomatic medicine. In October 2023, a stratified random sampling method was used to select third- and fourth-year undergraduates from the affiliated clinical college of a medical university for a questionnaire survey on the Questionnaire Star platform. SPSS 22.0 software was used for item analysis, internal consistency analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. AMOS 21.0 software was employed for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:Based on the reliability and validity analysis of the questionnaire, two items were removed, and a competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students was constructed. The model consisted of 21 items in the three dimensions of knowledge, skill, and attitude.Conclusions:The competency-oriented psychosomatic medical cognitive ability model for medical students shows high reliability and validity in statistical analysis, thereby contributing to the cultivation of their psychosomatic medical cognitive abilities.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway and inhibiting excessive autophagy. MethodFemale SD rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into the sham operation group （Sham）， the operation group （OVX）， the Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill （GJ） group， and the raloxifene hydrochloride （RLX） group， with 10 rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and colorimetric methods were used to detect the levels of estrogen， bone metabolism markers in serum， and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in tibial tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Masson staining was used to observe pathological changes in the proximal tibia， and micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was used to observe changes in tibial microstructural parameters. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1， microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related 5 （Atg5）， as well as PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in tibial tissue. ResultCompared with the Sham group， the OVX group showed a significant decrease in serum levels of estradiol （E₂） and calcium ion （Ca²⁺）， and T-SOD， GSH-Px， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR mRNA levels in bone tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced bone mineral density （BMD）， bone surface/bone volume （BS/BV）， trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， and trabecular connectivity （Con） in the tibia （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thinner epiphyseal growth plate， and the bone marrow cavity filled with fat vacuoles. Moreover， the levels of phosphorus （P）， MDA， ROS， and mRNA and protein expression of Beclin1， LC3， and Atg5， as well as trabecular separation （Tb.Sp） were significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the OVX group， the GJ and RLX groups showed significant increases in serum E₂ and Ca²⁺， and bone tissue levels of SOD， GSH-Px， and the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly increased BMD， BS/BV， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and Con in the tibia， thickened epiphyseal growth plate， and significantly reduced fat vacuoles in the bone marrow cavity （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， the levels of P， MDA， ROS， Beclin1， LC3， Atg5 mRNA and proteins， and Tb.Sp were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR， which were significantly reduced in the OVX group （P<0.01）， were significantly increased in the GJ and RLX groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill reduces oxidative stress and inhibits autophagy， thereby preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， which inhibits autophagy.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression (SD), and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder (DZXY) in SD. Methods: Using RNA-sequencing, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leukocytes of SD compared to healthy controls, deciphered their functions and pathways, and identified the hub genes of SD. We also assessed changes in leukocyte transcription factor activity in patients with SD using the TELiS platform. The Connectivity Map database was retrieved to screen candidate drugs for SD. Based on network pharmacology, we elucidated the “multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway” mechanism of DZXY in the treatment of SD. Results: We identified 1080 DEGs (padj <0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 & protein coding) in the leukocytes of patients with SD. These DEGs, including hub genes, were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory response-related processes. Transcription factor activity analysis revealed similarities between the leukocyte transcriptome profile in SD and the conserved transcriptional response to adversities in immune cells. Connectivity Map analysis identified 28 potential drugs for SD treatment, particularly SB-202190 and TWS-119. Constructing the “Direct Compounds-Direct Targets-Pathways” network for DZXY and SD revealed the curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD, primarily including inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, immune response, and other processes. Conclusion These results provide new insights into the characteristics and functional changes of leukocytes in SD, partially illustrate the pathogenesis of SD, and suggest potential drugs for SD. The curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD are also partially elucidated.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease in children worldwide, and the incidence of NAFLD shows an increasing trend year by year. The risk factors leading to the onset of NAFLD in children are diversified and different from those in adults. At present, most medical institutions still pay little attention to NAFLD in children. This paper summarizes the risk factors and mechanisms for NAFLD in children, including gene polymorphism, maternal and fetal conditions, diet and living habits, environmental exposure, metabolic syndrome, endocrine-related mechanisms and intestinal microecology, in order to provide reference for the prevention and management of childhood NAFLD.