OBJECTIVE: Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the associations between adults'obesity risk and childhood and parental obesity. METHODS: A total of 204 children aged 6-17 years were recruited in 2002 with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years. Height and body weight were measured by trained staffs. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the Chinese standard for children and adults. T-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square analysis were used for single factor analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to perform multifactor analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of non-obese children who grew up to be non-obese adults was 62.6%, and that of obese children who grew up to be obese adults was 80.0%. There was a significant association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and adulthood BMI with a β regression coefficient of 3.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-6.16], and between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity with an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% CI: 1.37-24.34). There was no statistical difference between parental obesity at baseline and children's adulthood obesity, after adjustment of confounders. Male participants and those aged 10.0-13.0 years had a higher risk of adulthood obesity with odds ratios of 2.50 (95% CI: 1.12-5.26) and 3.62 (95% CI: 1.17-11.24), respectively. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore long-term following-up clinical effects of lateral closed high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Twenty patients with medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis were treated with lateral closed high tibial osteotomy and screw fixation from June 2005 to December 2015. Among them, including 17 females and 3 males, aged from 43 to 76 years old with an average of (57.80±8.05) years old. VAS score and KSS score were applied to evaluate recovery degree of pain and function before operation and after operation at 1, 5 and 10 years, and postoperative complications were observed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were followed-up, the time ranged from 9 to 11(10.0±0.8) years, 4 patients were loss to follow-up. Preoperative VAS score was 7.88±1.15 and decreased to 3.19±0.91, 3.44±0.96, 3.69±1.20 at 1, 5 and 10 years after operation, and there were statistical differences in VAS score between before and after operation at different time points (<0.05). Clinical score of KSS increased from 61.94±5.74 before opertaion to 75.50±4.62, 80.13±3.97, 77.38±6.40 at 1, 5 and 10 years after operation, and there were statistical differences in clinical score of KSS between before and after operation at different time points(<0.05); functional score of KSS increased from 62.81±13.03 before operation to 77.50±8.56, 81.88±6.55, 76.88±10.78, and there were statistical differences in functional score of KSS between before and after operation at different time points(<0.05). All incisions healed well without complications such as fibula nerve injury and fracture nonunion. CONCLUSIONS Lateral closed high tibial osteotomy and screw fixation for knee osteoarthritis could receive good clinical results, stop and delay progress of knee osteoarthritis, and long-term following-up could achieve the same effect as total knee arthroplasty.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hematological characteristics of HbE homozygotes. METHODS: Complete blood cells count and hemoglobin electrophoresis were used for phenotypic analysis of 78 cases with HbE homozygotes from Yunnan province, China. The PCR-fluorescence hybridization was used to detect the common gene mutation of thalassemia. The hematological indexes, including MCV, MCH, Hb, HbA2, HbF and HbE were statistically analyzed between groups with different sex, ages and compound α thalassemia status. RESULTS: In HbE homozygotes (HbEE), 89.5% (17/19) children presented mild to moderate microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 10.5% of them presented moderate anemia. 39.6% (19/48) of women with HbEE developed mild anemia ,while 11 cases of male with HbE homozygotes were asymptomatic. The levels of MCV and MCH in HbE homozygotes increased by co-inheritance of α thalassemia mutation. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotype of HbE homozygote shows highly heterogeneous, which is relates with age, sex and co-inheriting α-globin genotypes. In Hb EE women and children are more likely to develop mild to moderate anemia. The microcytic hypochromic anemia degree is relieved when HbEE combined with α- thalassemia.
Child ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Hemoglobin E ; genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; alpha-Thalassemia

Background:Patients with potential difficult mask ventilation (DV) and difficult intubation (DI) are often managed with awake intubation, which can be stressful for patients and anesthesiologists. This prospective randomized study evaluated a new approach, fast difficult airway evaluation (FDAE). We hypothesized that the FDAE approach would reduce the need for awake intubation.

Methods:After obtaining informed consent, 302 patients with potential DV/DI undergoing elective surgeries were randomly assigned to the FDAE group (Group E) and the control group (Group C). In Group E, patients were gradually sedated, and adequacy of manual mask ventilation during spontaneous breathing was assessed at various sedation levels. Awake intubation was applied in those with inadequate mask ventilation. In Group C, DI was evaluated under local anesthesia. However, the care team could intubate under general anesthesia if the vocal cords were visible. The primary outcome was the rate of awake intubations in both groups and the induction efficiency assessed by the induction time. The secondary outcome was the incidence of serious complications.

ResultsThe rate of awake intubation was significantly lower in Group E than that in Group C (5.81% vs. 36.05%, χ = 42.3, P < 0.001). The induction time was much shorter in Group E than in Group C (11.85 ± 4.82 min vs. 18.71 ± 7.85 min, t = 5.39, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intubation related complications between the two groups. Patients in Group E had a much lower incidence of recall (9.68% vs. 44.90%, χ = 47.68, P < 0.001) of the induction process and higher satisfaction levels than patients in Group C (t = 15.36, P < 0.001).

ConclusionsThe FDAE significantly reduces the need for awake intubation and improves the efficiency of the intubation process without comprising safety in patients with potential difficult mask ventilation and DI.

Trial Registration:No. ChiCTR-TRC-11001418; http://www.gctr.org/cn/proj/show.aspx?proj=1562.

Adult ; Airway Management ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Laryngeal Masks ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Sevoflurane ; Wakefulness

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effects of puerarin on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell ap-optosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects. Methods Neuron injury mod-el was established in vitro through H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y injury. MTT assay was performed to detect the effect of puerarin on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y survival rates. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis. JC-1 staining was employed to detect the level of mitochondria membrane poential. Caspase-3 was determined by caspase-3 catalyze the substrate specificity Ac-DEVD-pNA. Caspase-9 was determined by caspase-9 catalyze the substrate specificity Ac-LE-HD-pNA. The effects of puerarin on the protein level of Bcl-2,Bax,p-Akt and Akt were determined by West-ern blot. Results The cell survival rate significantly increased after puerarin pretreatment compared with H2O2model group. Furthermore, puerarin pretreat-ment not only inhibited the decreasing of mitochondrial membrane potential,increasing of caspase-3, caspase-9 enzymatic activity and the expression of Bax,but also promoted the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2, which was prevented by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt. Conclusion Puerarin can play a neuroprotective role for SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis induced by H2O2, maybe via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

With Coptis chinensis in high-yielding soil as the object,the growth regularity of plant and dynamic change of alkaloid content was studied. The plant growth model of C. chinensis was constructed. The plant height equation was =3.030 9+0.732 6-0.009 6²,the number of leaves equation was =111.882 6-2 234.881 7/+15 218.960 8/²-31 740.960 8/³,the leaf area equation was =-217.136 1+30.552 2-0.359 0²,the roots talk biomass equation was =-2.748 8+0.210 3+0.006 4²,the number of rootstalk equation was =-1.246 0+0.192 6+0.000 8²,the fibrous root biomass equation was =-4.973 5+0.589 4 -0.002 6². The results indicated that the number of leaves and leaf area were increasing continuously after seedling transplanting,the leaf area of 3-year-old C. chinensis reached a maximum value of 425.83 cm²/plant,after declining.The number of leave of 5-year-old C. chinensis reached a maximum value of 70.91. With the increasing of years of growth, the number of rootstalk and rootstalk biomass of C. chinensis was increasing continuously. The biomass growth of 3-year-old and 4-year-old rootstalk was the fastest in the whole development stage of C. chinensis,the annual increase of more than 300%. The change curve of rootstalk number, rootstalk biomass and fibrous root biomass in the whole growth stage was a s-type.The dry matter partition of leafwas the highest in 1-year-old C. chinensis, and then gradually decreased,the change trend of dry matter partition of rootstalk was just the opposite, the dry matter partition of fibrous root increases with the increase of the growing year, reaching the maximum value in 3-year-old, then gradually lower trend. The root-shootratio of 1-year-old C. chinensis was the smallest, then gradually increases, the growth center gradually shifted to the roots from stems and leaves, The weight of underground part of 3-year-old C. chinensis exceeded the aboveground part, the 5-year-old C. chinensis root-shoot ratio reached the maximum value of 1.91:1.With the increasing of years of growth, the contents of coptisine, berberine, epiberberine and palmatine in rootstalk was increasing continuously. The jatrorrhizine content in 2-year-old C. chinensis was significantly lower than that in other years, the content was no significant change after that. The columbamine content reached a maximum value in 3-year-old C. chinensis,then the decreased gradually. The content of magnoflorine gradually increased and reached maximum value in 5-year-old C. chinensis.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; Biomass ; Coptis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; growth & development

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a kind of recurrent transient and severe pain that is limited to the trigeminal nerve in one or more branches. The clinical incidence of TN is high, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients and is difficult to cure. The present study investigated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on TN induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham treated with TMP (Sham+TMP), TN model (TN), and TN treated with TMP (TN+TMP). The rat TN model was established by ION-CCI and TMP (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 2 weeks after operation. The mechanical response threshold was tested by the electronic von Frey filaments. The expression of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglia (TGs) of rats on the operative side was detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. In 15 days after operation, TN group showed a robust decrease in mechanical response threshold as compared with sham group. From day 9 to day 15 after operation, TMP treatment significantly suppressed the TN-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (P < 0.05). On day 15 after operation, RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis showed an obvious increase in expression level of CGRP in TGs of TN group compared with sham group, which was downregulated by TMP treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that TMP might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of TN through regulating CGRP expression in the TGs.
Animals ; Constriction ; Hyperalgesia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; physiopathology ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; drug therapy

The morphological indexes of the Scuophularia ningpoensis seedlings including the longth, diameter and weight were measured, clustering analysis was used to set up the standard quality grading of seedlings of S. Ningpoensis by SPSS. Field experiment was carried out to measure the indicators of plants growth and development, the yield and the quality. The results showed that the growth and yield of class I seedlings were better than those of class II and III. The content of main active ingredients was affected barely by seedlings classification. To ensure the quality, class II seedlings or above should be used for plantation. The established quality classification standard of S. ningpoensis seedlings was scientific and feasible, and provides the basis for the standardized cultivation of S. ningpoensis.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Quality Control ; Scrophularia ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development

To compare the curative effects of two surgical treatment methods for open angle glaucoma and cataract patients.
●METHODS: Totally 69 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and cataract were divided into two groups:group A and group B. Thirty- four patients (34 eyes) in group A underwent small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined with trabeculectomy, just combined operations, 35 patients (35 eyes) in group B underwent small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery beyond 6mo after trabeculectomy, just two stage operations. Postoperative intraocular pressure at 1wk and 3mo, postoperative corrected visual acuity and filtering bleb at 3mo were observed, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. All the patients were followed up for 3-6mo.
● RESULTS: All the visual acuity were increased compared with that before surgery in two groups, the difference was not statistically significant. All the intraocular pressure was controlled in two groups, the difference was not statistically significant, and the difference about the filtering bleb was neither statistically significant ( P > 0. 05 ). There were no serious intraoperative and postoperative complications in two groups.
● CONCLUSlON: The two stage operations and the combined operations both can control theintraocular pressure and improved visual acuity of open angle glaucoma and cataract. The two stage operations may prevent a second operation for post trabeculectomy cataract, allowing earlier visual rehabilitation.

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications