Objectives: . The prognostic value of the pretreatment albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the predictive role of AAPR for survival outcomes in patients with HNC. Methods: . A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to July 30, 2024. We included studies on AAPR and survival outcomes in HNC patients. Results: . Eight studies comprising 1,737 HNC patients were analyzed using random-effects models. Lower AAPR values were significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08), progression-free survival (HR, 2.00), and disease-free survival (HR, 2.18). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results, with no significant publication bias detected. Conclusion . Our findings suggest that pretreatment AAPR could serve as a valuable and cost-effective prognostic indicator in HNC, potentially aiding clinicians in risk stratification and treatment decision-making. However, additional validation studies are warranted to confirm its clinical applicability.

This study was aimed at understanding the Babesia species makeup and distribution in small mammals in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province,and the Babesia carriage status in small mammals in this area,to provide a scientific basis for the preven-tion and control of Babesia disease.A total of 1 493 small mammals belonging to 5 orders,10 families,25 genera,and 54 species were captured from 10 counties(cities)in the Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province in various agricultural and forest environments.DNA was extracted from liver and tick tissues,and 150 bp fragments of Babesia 18S rRNA were detected through molecular biological methods.The positive samples showed amplification of a 1 600 bp target fragment of 18S rRNA.Species characteristics were assessed through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 14 small mammals infected with Babesia were detected in six coun-ties(cities)of Jinsha River Basin,Yunnan Province,with a positivity rate of 0.93%(14/1 493).The Otsu and Kobe types of Babesia voles were analyzed,and their sequences were compared with the sequences from human Babesia cases with high similarity and close evolutionary relationships.The positivity rates were 2.34%(3/128)in Qiaojia County,2.06%(2/97)in Yongshan County,1.88%(4/213)in Yuanmou County,1.03%(3/291)in Deqin County,0.95%(1/105)in Shangri-La City,and 0.78%(1/128)in Shuifu County.The positive small mammals belonged to one order,two families,six genera,and the following eight species:P.leucurus 5.56%(1/18),R.brunneusculus 3.36%(4/119),M.minutus 3.33%(1/30),E.custos 2.94%(1/34),N.confucianus 2.65%(3/113),N.fulvescens 2.35%(2/85),A.latronum 1.16%(1/86),and A.draco 0.98%(1/102).The detection of Babesia in M.minutus was re-poorted first time.Small animals infected with Babesia were detected in all three habitats and altitudes,and higher infection rates were observed in forest regions between 1 500 and 2 500 meters and high-altitude residential areas.Babesia infection was found in many small mammals in several counties(cities)along Jinsha River in Yunnan Province,and the epidemic status of Babesia in these areas warrants attention.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic Y-shaped suture suspension fixation and those of open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of tibial insertion avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data from the 23 patients with PCL tibial avulsion fracture who had been admitted to Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, from May 2018 to May 2024. There were 15 males and 8 females with an age of (39.0±15.6) years. By the Meyers-McKeever classification, there were 20 cases of type Ⅱ and 3 cases of type Ⅲ. All patients were divided into 2 groups based on their different surgical schemes: an arthroscopic group of 11 cases treated with Y-shaped suture suspension fixation under arthroscopy and an open group of 12 cases treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Lysholm knee function scores, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores at 1 month after surgery and the last follow-up were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general information between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The 23 patients were followed up for (13.7±3.8) months after surgery. None of the patients experienced complications like incision infection, neurovascular damage, nonunion or delayed union of fracture. In the arthroscopic group, the surgical time was (97.1±11.1) min, significantly shorter than that in the open group [(64.7±9.0) min], and the intraoperative blood loss (14.9±6.6) mL, significantly less than that in the open group [(29.4±13.2) mL] ( P<0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the VAS pain score, Lysholm knee function score, and IKDC subjective score in the arthroscopic group were, respectively, 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) points, (72.0±4.8) points, and (67.3±2.9) points, all significantly better than those in the open group [5.0 (4.0, 5.0) points, (66.9±4.0) points, and (63.1±2.4) points] ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the VAS pain score, Lysholm knee function score, or IKDC subjective score at the last follow-up between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Both arthroscopic Y-shaped suture suspension fixation and open reduction and internal fixation can achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes for PCL tibial avulsion fractures. The latter shows an advantage in shorter surgical time, but the former advantages in less bleeding volume and better early efficacy.

This study was aimed at understanding the Babesia species makeup and distribution in small mammals in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province,and the Babesia carriage status in small mammals in this area,to provide a scientific basis for the preven-tion and control of Babesia disease.A total of 1 493 small mammals belonging to 5 orders,10 families,25 genera,and 54 species were captured from 10 counties(cities)in the Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province in various agricultural and forest environments.DNA was extracted from liver and tick tissues,and 150 bp fragments of Babesia 18S rRNA were detected through molecular biological methods.The positive samples showed amplification of a 1 600 bp target fragment of 18S rRNA.Species characteristics were assessed through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 14 small mammals infected with Babesia were detected in six coun-ties(cities)of Jinsha River Basin,Yunnan Province,with a positivity rate of 0.93%(14/1 493).The Otsu and Kobe types of Babesia voles were analyzed,and their sequences were compared with the sequences from human Babesia cases with high similarity and close evolutionary relationships.The positivity rates were 2.34%(3/128)in Qiaojia County,2.06%(2/97)in Yongshan County,1.88%(4/213)in Yuanmou County,1.03%(3/291)in Deqin County,0.95%(1/105)in Shangri-La City,and 0.78%(1/128)in Shuifu County.The positive small mammals belonged to one order,two families,six genera,and the following eight species:P.leucurus 5.56%(1/18),R.brunneusculus 3.36%(4/119),M.minutus 3.33%(1/30),E.custos 2.94%(1/34),N.confucianus 2.65%(3/113),N.fulvescens 2.35%(2/85),A.latronum 1.16%(1/86),and A.draco 0.98%(1/102).The detection of Babesia in M.minutus was re-poorted first time.Small animals infected with Babesia were detected in all three habitats and altitudes,and higher infection rates were observed in forest regions between 1 500 and 2 500 meters and high-altitude residential areas.Babesia infection was found in many small mammals in several counties(cities)along Jinsha River in Yunnan Province,and the epidemic status of Babesia in these areas warrants attention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of chidamide combined with DICE regimen (cisplatin+ ifosfamide + etoposide + dexamethasone) for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphome(R/R DLBCL). METHODS: The clinical data of 31 R/R DLBCL patients treated by chidamide combined with DICE regimen in the Hematology Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical efficacy and adverse events were observed. RESULTS: Among the 31 patients, 20 were male and 11 were female. The median age of the patients was 55 (range: 27-71) years old, 21 cases were < 60 years old, 10 cases were ≥60 years old. 26 cases were refractory and 5 cases were relapsed. There were 13 cases of germinal center B-cell like (GCB), 17 cases of non-GCB, and 1 case had missing Hans type. There were 17 cases of double-expression lymphoma (DEL) and 14 cases of non-DEL. The complete response rate of patients was 38.7%(12/31), the overall response rate was 67.7%(21/31). The median progression-free survival time and the median overall survival time were 9.8(95%CI : 4.048-15.552) months, 13.9(95%CI : 9.294-18.506) months, respectively. Multipvariate analysis showed that GCB and DEL reduced the risk of disease recurrence in R/R DLBCL patients. The main grade 3/4 hematological adverse events in this study were thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia and leukopenia. CONCLUSION The chidamide combined with DICE regimen is effective in the treatment of R/R DLBCL, and hematological adverse events should be closely monitored.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Benzamides/administration & dosage* ; Aminopyridines/administration & dosage* ; Etoposide/therapeutic use* ; Cisplatin/administration & dosage* ; Ifosfamide/administration & dosage* ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use*

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic Y-shaped suture suspension fixation and those of open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of tibial insertion avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data from the 23 patients with PCL tibial avulsion fracture who had been admitted to Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, from May 2018 to May 2024. There were 15 males and 8 females with an age of (39.0±15.6) years. By the Meyers-McKeever classification, there were 20 cases of type Ⅱ and 3 cases of type Ⅲ. All patients were divided into 2 groups based on their different surgical schemes: an arthroscopic group of 11 cases treated with Y-shaped suture suspension fixation under arthroscopy and an open group of 12 cases treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Lysholm knee function scores, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores at 1 month after surgery and the last follow-up were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general information between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The 23 patients were followed up for (13.7±3.8) months after surgery. None of the patients experienced complications like incision infection, neurovascular damage, nonunion or delayed union of fracture. In the arthroscopic group, the surgical time was (97.1±11.1) min, significantly shorter than that in the open group [(64.7±9.0) min], and the intraoperative blood loss (14.9±6.6) mL, significantly less than that in the open group [(29.4±13.2) mL] ( P<0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the VAS pain score, Lysholm knee function score, and IKDC subjective score in the arthroscopic group were, respectively, 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) points, (72.0±4.8) points, and (67.3±2.9) points, all significantly better than those in the open group [5.0 (4.0, 5.0) points, (66.9±4.0) points, and (63.1±2.4) points] ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the VAS pain score, Lysholm knee function score, or IKDC subjective score at the last follow-up between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Both arthroscopic Y-shaped suture suspension fixation and open reduction and internal fixation can achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes for PCL tibial avulsion fractures. The latter shows an advantage in shorter surgical time, but the former advantages in less bleeding volume and better early efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

Objective To observe the value of nomogram based on enhanced cortical phase CT Radscore combined with CT features for predicting synchronous distant metastasis(SDM)of renal cell carcinoma(RCC).Methods Totally 139 RCC patients from center A were retrospectively enrolled and divided into SDM group(n=46)and non-SDM group(n=93),also classified as training set(n=97)and test set(n=42)at a ratio of 7∶3.Additionally,20 RCC patients from center B were included as validation set(8 cases with SDM and 12 cases without SDM).Radiomics features were extracted and screened based on enhanced cortical phase CT images to calculate Radscore.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of RCC SDM among clinical and CT features.Then a logistic regression model was constructed combining Radscore and independent predictors of RCC SDM and visualized as a nomogram.The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve(AUC)was used to assess the efficacy of the nomogram for predicting RCC SDM.Results The maximum tumor diameter,CT-T stage and perirenal adipose stranding were all independent predictors of RCC SDM(all P＜0.01).Radscore was calculated based on 5 optimal features.The nomogram was constructed based on perirenal adipose stranding,CT-T stage and Radscore.AUC of the model for predicting RCC SDM in training set,test set and validation set was 0.964,0.921 and 0.885,respectively.Conclusion Enhanced cortical phase CT Radscore combined with perirenal adipose stranding and CT-T stage could effectively predict RCC SDM.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huatan Tongluo Prescription(mainly composed of Fici Simplicissimae Radix,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Poria,Nelumbinis Folium,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.)combined with drug-coated balloon(DCB)in the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)and to observe its effect on low-shear related serological indicators.Methods A total of 106 patients with CHD of qi deficiency and phlegm stasis obstructing collateral type who were scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 53 cases in each group.The control group was treated with drug-eluting stent implantation,and the treatment group was treated with DCB.After the operation,the control group was given conventional antiplatelet aggregation drugs,and the treatment group was given oral administration of Yiqi Huatan Tongluo Prescription.The medication for the two groups lasted for 12 weeks.The changes in the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1),interleukin 1 β(IL-1β)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Moreover,the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome efficacy after treatment and the incidence of adverse events one year after operation were compared between the two groups.Results(1)After 12 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for TCM syndrome efficacy of the treatment group was 88.68％(47/53),and that of the control group was 75.47％(40/53).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the TCM syndrome efficacy in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(2)The analysis of indicators related to endothelial dysfunction in the blood flow with low shear stress showed that after treatment,the levels of serum MCP-1,IL-1βand VEGF in the control group presented no obvious changes(P＞0.05),but the serum levels of MCP-1 and IL-1β in the treatment group were significantly lowered compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of serum MCP-1,IL-1β and VEGF levels in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)The one-year follow-up after the operation showed that the total incidence of adverse events in the treatment group was 18.87％(10/53),and that in the control group was 20.75％(11/53).There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Yiqi Huatan Tongluo Prescription combined with DCB has definite action on the targets related to endothelial dysfunction in coronary blood flow with low shear stress,which is conducive to reducing inflammatory response,improving the symptoms of angina pectoris and enhancing clinical efficacy.The incidence of adverse events did not increase one year after operation,indicating good safety and effectiveness.