Primary pigment dispersion syndrome(PDS)is characterized by pigment granules released from the pigment epithelium of iris, and their deposition in anterior segment of eye, particularly in the trabecular meshwork(TM). This condition may lead to elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),which further causes optic nerve damage, and progresses to pigmentary glaucoma(PG). PDS predominantly affects young myopic individuals and shows heterogeneous clinical manifestations. It may occur sporadically or in familial inheritance. It has been reported that the pathogenic genes include those involved in melanogenesis and melanosome homeostasis(e.g., PMEL, MC1R, SLC45A2, and TYR), and genes related to ocular development and anterior segment formation(e.g., CPAMD8, GSAP, and GRM5).The pathogenesis of PDS is closely associated with posterior iris concavity and reverse pupillary block, which may change the dynamics of aqueous humor, along with persistent liberation of pigmented granules by friction of iris and zonules. Pigmented granules accumulating in the TM may cause mechanical obstruction of TM, and increase the phagocytic burden of the cells, and result in cellular dysfunction and structural damage of TM. All these changes contribute to sustained elevation of IOP and optic neuropathy. Primary management of PDS involves regular follow-up and assessment of the risk of IOP elevation. Laser peripheral iridotomy may be considered to reduce posterior iris concavity in PDS. Treatment of PG focuses on IOP control for long term, which include topical medications, laser trabeculoplasty, and filtering or drainage surgery. Development of experimental animal models harboring human pathogenic genes and exhibiting PDS phenotypes is needed to facilitate in-depth research into the pathogenesis of PDS.

Background: Surgeons face challenges in selecting cost-effective and biologically active agents for rotator cuff healing, given the numerous commercial products available, such as polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and atelocollagen (ATC). However, the precise efficacy of PDRN and ATC in rotator cuff healing remains debatable, and there is currently a lack of studies directly comparing the effects of the 2 agents on repaired cuff tendons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of PDRN and ATC on bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) healing using a chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) model in rabbits. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. To create chronic RCT models, transected tendons were left untreated for 6 weeks, and then were repaired in a transosseous manner with PDRN and ATC injection into the repair site according to group allocation (group A: saline, group B: PDRN, group C: ATC; n = 16 per group). Genetic and immunofluorescence analyses were performed at 4 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, genetic, histologic, and biomechanical analyses were performed at 12 weeks after surgery. Results: At 4 weeks after surgery, ATC-injected shoulders showed the highest mRNA expression levels of collagen type I alpha 1 and aggrecan compared to the other 2 groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Meanwhile, there was more preliminary fibrocartilaginous matrix formation in the ATC-injected group. At 12 weeks after surgery, ATC-injected shoulders demonstrated better collagen fiber continuity and orientation, denser collagen fibers, a more mature bone-to-tendon junction, and greater fibrocartilage layer formation compared to the other 2 groups (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, ATC-injected shoulders also demonstrated a significantly higher load-to-failure value (40.4 ± 4.5 N/kg) than the remaining groups (group A, 26.7 ± 3.0 N/kg; group B, 32.8 ± 4.2 N/kg; p < 0.001). Conclusions ATC demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting BTI healing following surgical repair in a chronic RCT model of rabbits.

Objective To construct a dynamic prediction model for JC polyomavirus (JCV) reactivation after kidney transplantation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 128 recipients who met the inclusion criteria and received kidney transplantation in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from June 2021 to December 2024. Dynamic Cox regression and dynamic restricted mean survival time (RMST) regression based on the landmark method were adopted to establish the dynamic prediction models, and Monte Carlo cross-validation was used to evaluate model performance. Results The dynamic models could predict the incidence and onset time of JCV reactivation within the subsequent 3 months according to covariates at each landmark time point from the 1st to the 6th month after transplantation. Remuzzi score, body mass index and warm ischemia time were independent risk factors for JCV reactivation, while a history of urinary BK polyomavirus reactivation served as a protective factor. The median values of the area under the curve, C-index and Brier score of the dynamic Cox model were 0.873, 0.851 and 0.065 respectively, and the C-index of the dynamic RMST model was 0.829, all of which were superior to those of the static model. Conclusions The landmark-based dynamic models exhibit excellent predictive performance, which may integrate baseline data and post-transplant follow-up information to realize dynamic assessment of the risk and time window of JCV reactivation, thereby providing evidence for optimizing post-operative monitoring and individualized intervention strategies.

Collagen is a major structural protein in the matrix of animal cells and the most widely distributed and abundant functional protein in mammals. Collagen’s good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity make it a very valuable biomaterial. According to the source of collagen, it can be broadly categorized into two types: one is animal collagen; the other is recombinant collagen. Animal collagen is mainly extracted and purified from animal connective tissues by chemical methods, such as acid, alkali and enzyme methods, etc. Recombinant collagen refers to collagen produced by gene splicing technology, where the amino acid sequence is first designed and improved according to one’s own needs, and the gene sequence of improved recombinant collagen is highly consistent with that of human beings, and then the designed gene sequence is cloned into the appropriate vector, and then transferred to the appropriate expression vector. The designed gene sequence is cloned into a suitable vector, and then transferred to a suitable expression system for full expression, and finally the target protein is obtained by extraction and purification technology. Recombinant collagen has excellent histocompatibility and water solubility, can be directly absorbed by the human body and participate in the construction of collagen, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell growth, wound healing and site filling, etc., which has demonstrated significant effects, and has become the focus of the development of modern biomedical materials. This paper firstly elaborates the structure, type, and tissue distribution of human collagen, as well as the associated genetic diseases of different types of collagen, then introduces the specific process of producing animal source collagen and recombinant collagen, explains the advantages of recombinant collagen production method, and then introduces the various systems of expressing recombinant collagen, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and finally briefly introduces the application of animal collagen, focusing on the use of animal collagen in the development of biopharmaceutical materials. In terms of application, it focuses on the use of animal disease models exploring the application effects of recombinant collagen in wound hemostasis, wound repair, corneal therapy, female pelvic floor dysfunction (FPFD), vaginal atrophy (VA) and vaginal dryness, thin endometritis (TE), chronic endometritis (CE), bone tissue regeneration in vivo, cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer (BC) and anti-aging. The mechanism of action of recombinant collagen in the treatment of FPFD and CE was introduced, and the clinical application and curative effect of recombinant collagen in skin burn, skin wound, dermatitis, acne and menopausal urogenital syndrome (GSM) were summarized. From the exploratory studies and clinical applications, it is evident that recombinant collagen has demonstrated surprising effects in the treatment of all types of diseases, such as reducing inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, increasing collagen deposition, and remodeling the extracellular matrix. At the end of the review, the challenges faced by recombinant collagen are summarized: to develop new recombinant collagen types and dosage forms, to explore the mechanism of action of recombinant collagen, and to provide an outlook for the future development and application of recombinant collagen.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.METHODS Separation and purification were performed using silica gel,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The monophenolase inhibitory activity was determined by the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as sesamin(1),methyl caffeate(2),quercetin(3),5,7-dihydroxychromanone(4),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(5),esculetin(6),kaempferol(7),naringenin(8),pyrogallic acid(9),pinosylvin(10),methyl propionate(11),caffeic acid(12),saccharinol(13),ferulic acid(14),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(15),cinnamic acid(16),vanillic acid(17),vanillin(18),4-hydroxyacetophenone(19),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(20),apigenin(21),(-)-isolariciresinol(22),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(23)and meso-2,3-di(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol(24).The IC50 values of compounds 3,5,7,8,19,and 20 ranged from(0.246 5±0.028 3)to(1.278 2±0.021 3)mmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9、11、15、17-21、24 are isolated from this plant for the first time,and 1,6,9,17-19,24 are first isolated from genus Balanophora.Compounds 3、5、7、8、19 and 20 have tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Objective To observe CT manifestations of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome(FHCS).Methods Data of 23 patients with FHCS were retrospectively analyzed,and non-enhanced and enhanced abdominal and pelvic CT manifestations were observed.Results All 23 cases were found with pelvic inflammation,peritonitis,perihepatic inflammation,as well as abdominal and pelvic adhesion.The main manifestations of pelvic inflammation included pelvic effusion(23/23,100％),inflammatory changes of uterus and accessories(17/23,73.91％),and the latter presented as tubal thickening(8/17,47.06％)or tubal cystic dilatation and effusion(9/17,52.94％),with ovarian enlargement(8/9,88.89％)or nodules on uterine surface(1/9,11.11％).The main CT manifestations of peritonitis were peritoneal thickening(23/23,100％)and peritoneal nodules(15/23,65.22％),of perihepatic inflammation were mainly liver capsule enhancement(23/23,100％),subcapsular transient perfusion abnormality(16/23,69.57％),perihepatic effusion(20/23,86.96％)and perihepatic"violin-string sign"(16/23,69.57％).No inflammation in the bare area of liver was noticed.Among 23 cases,3 cases(3/23,13.04％)complicated with mechanical ileus,19 cases(19/23,82.61％)were accompanied by mesenteric or retroperitoneal lymph nodes enlargement with uniform or circular enhancement.Conclusion The main CT manifestations of FHCS included pelvic inflammation,peritonitis,perihepatic inflammation,as well as abdominal and pelvic adhesion,having certain characteristics.

AIM To investigate the mechanism of Jiedu Yizhi Formula on cognitive function and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD).METHODS 50 APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group,the donepezil group,and the low-dose,moderate-dose,and high-dose Jiedu Yizhi Formula group(1.78,3.56 and 7.12 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group,in contrast to the 10 WT mice of the blank group.Following anesthesia administration and 8-week oral gavage regimen with respective drugs,all mice underwent final tissue sample collection.The mice had their learning and memory ability assessed by Morris water maze and nesting behavior scores;their pathology of brain tissue and Aβ expression observed using HE,Nissl and IHC staining;their polarization of microglia and the expression of inflammatory factors in hippocampal tissue detected by IF and ELISA;their hippocampal expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group had lower scores in total swimming distance,frequency in crossing the platform,residence time in the target quadrant,and nesting behavior scores(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);prolonged evasion latency(P＜0.01);more disorganized arrangement of pyramidal cells,solidification and deep staining,unclear demarcation,irregular cell shapes,reduction of Nyctinidia,and increased Aβ deposition in the brain tissue(P＜0.01);elevated expression of hippocampal microglia M1-type markers CD16/32 and lba-1(P＜0.01);decreased levels of M2-type marker CD206(P＜0.05);elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β(P＜0.01);decreased expressions of IL-13 and IL-4(P＜0.01);and decreased levels of PI3K,Akt and mTOR mRNA,and reduced p-PI3K,p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expressions(P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the donepezil group and the Jiedu Yizhi Formula groups showed statistically significant improvements in the aforementioned indexes(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),with the magnitude of improvement being higher in the high-dose Jiedu Yizhi Formula group.CONCLUSION Jiedu Yizhi Formula suppresses microglia Ml-type polarization while enhancing M2-type polarization via activation the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,which subsequently reduces inflammatory cytokine secretion.This mechanism attenuates Aβ deposition in brain tissues and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in AD mouse models.

Objective:To analyze the relevant factors affecting treatment compliance in infertile patients with mycoplasma infection, construct a nomogram prediction model and validate it.Methods:In this case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 400 infertile patients who attended the Department of Reproduction of Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Province from April 2022 to March 2024. They were divided into modeling group ( n=280) and validation group ( n=120) according to the 7∶3 principle with random number method, and further divided into complete compliance subgroup and unstable compliance subgroup based on different levels of compliance. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting treatment adherence in infertile patients with mycoplasma infection, variance inflation factor was used to assess the collinearity of the independent variables and to construct a columnar plot prediction model, and the validation and predictive efficacy of the columnar plot model were assessed by calibration curves and decision curves, respectively. The validation and predictive efficacy of the column chart model were evaluated by calibration curve and decision curve respectively. Results:In the modeling group, there was no significant statistical difference between the fully compliant group and the unstable compliant group in terms of body mass index, place of residence, occupation, settlement form, and attitude of medical staff (all P>0.05). Age in the unstable adherence subgroup [(33.22±3.20) years], proportion of junior high school and below in education [36.81% (67/182)], proportion of average monthly disposable amount ≤2 000 yuan [36.81% (67/182)], proportion of poor disease awareness [62.09% (113/182)], and infertility related stress scale (IRSS) scores (45.60±17.14) were higher than those in the full adherence subgroup [(31.36±3.24) years, P<0.001; 19.39% (19/98), P=0.003; 16.33% (16/98), P<0.001; 28.57% (28/98), P<0.001; 37.64±16.69, P<0.001]. The receiver operating characteristc curve analysis results showed that the optimal cutoff values for age and IRSS score were 32 years old and 42 points, respectively. The results of logistic multiple regression model showed that: age ( OR=1.453, 95% CI: 1.260-1.794, P=0.002), education level ( OR=1.386, 95% CI: 1.185-1.564, P<0.001), average monthly disposable amount ( OR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.002-1.246, P=0.023), disease awareness level ( OR=1.827, 95% CI: 1.390-2.359, P<0.001), and average monthly disposable amount ( OR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.002-1.246, P=0.023), disease awareness ( OR=1.827, 95% CI:1.390-2.359, P<0.001), and IRSS score ( OR=1.590, 95% CI: 1.255-1.902, P=0.006) were independent risk factors affecting treatment adherence in infertile patients with mycoplasma infection. The modeling group C-index was 0.872 (0.816-0.927), the intercept (-0.004) and slope (0.995) of the calibration curve were close to the desirable values of 0 and 1, the Brier score was 0.017, and thresholds between 0.37 and 0.96 provided a net clinical benefit. The C-index of the test model set was 0.816 (0.736-0.896), the intercept (-0.007) and slope (1.015) of the calibration curve were close to the ideal values of 0 and 1, the Brier score was 0.013, and the threshold value provided a net clinical benefit when the threshold value ranged from 0.21 to 0.98, and the H-L goodness-of-fit test showed that χ 2=7.36, P=0.499, and the constructed predictive model for the column line graphs had good discrimination and consistency. Conclusion:Age, educational level, monthly average disposable income, disease awareness, and IRSS score are the relevant factors affecting treatment compliance in infertile patients with mycoplasma infection. The nomogram prediction model constructed in this study based on those relevant factors has a good predictive value for treatment compliance in infertile patients with mycoplasma infection, and can provide certain reference for clinical intervention measures.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablets on pathological myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)in rats,as well as its influence on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in myo-cardial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups:the sham operation group(Sham),the model group(AAC),the tadalafil new tablet treat-ment group(N-Tad,5 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,10 mg·kg-1g).The AAC model group and treatment group rats under-went blunt dissection and constrictive ligation of the abdominal aorta at the left renal artery branch point during surgery,while the Sham group rats only had their arteries separated without any constrictive liga-tion.Rats in the treatment groups received either N-Tad or Cialis via gavage three days after modeling,while rats in the sham group and the model group re-ceived physiological saline daily for 8 weeks.Small an-imal ultra-high-resolution echocardiography and hemo-dynamic assessment were applied to evaluate left ven-tricular function in each group of rats,and the calcula-tion of the left ventricular mass index was conducted.By employing Western blot and RT-PCR.we assessed the impact of this treatment on the expression of the hy-pertrophy factor atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein(p-NF-κB p65),and phosphorylated IκB-α in the left heart tissue of rats and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared to the Sham group,the AAC rats exhibited a significant decrease in left heart function,an increase in left ven-tricular mass index,and a notable increase in ANP and p-p65 expression in the left heart tissue(P＜0.05).Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance left ventricular function,decrease left ventric-ular mass index,and inhibit the expression of ANP and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in rats with myocardial hy-pertrophy(P＜0.05).Notably,the therapeutic effect of low-dose N-Tad was comparable to that of high-dose Cialis.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of associated proteins in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Conclusions N-Tad can sig-nificantly inhibit p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation,and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,reduce ANP expression,and improve pathological myocardial hypertrophy,as well as mitigate left heart function damage caused by abdominal aortic constriction.

Objective To explore the brain damage of SD rats under different time points of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.Methods A rat high-altitube cerebral edema(HACE)model was constructed by simulating an altitude of 6 000 m in a hypobaric hypoxia animal experimental chamber.Thirty-six SD male rats were randomly divided into the control group and the hypobaric hypoxia exposure 3,7 and 14 d groups,with 9 rats in each group.Except for the control group,the rats in each group were continuously exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3,7,and 14 d.At the end of the modeling period,serum was collected by blood sampling via the abdominal aorta,and brain tissue samples were taken.The wet-to-dry ratio(W/D)of brain tissue was calculated,and the levels of relevant oxidative enzymes in serum and brain tissue were measured.The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and aquaporin 4(AQP4)mRNAs in brain tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The W/D of brain tissues in the control group and the group exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3,7 and 14 d were 4.46±0.12,4.98±0.16,5.07±0.18 and 4.95±0.07;the superoxide dismutase contents were(111.86±2.45),(90.73±1.48),(79.64±2.56)and(55.33±1.45)U·g-1;the glutathione contents were(126.91±5.18),(125.26±1.53),(56.20±2.17)and(122.73±1.78)μg·mL-1;the malondialdehyde contents were(230.94±2.00),(362.65±3.28),(407.34±3.47)and(237.50±1.59)nmol·g-1;the relative expression levels of HIF-1 α mRNA were 1.00±0,2.99±0.49,4.72±0.49 and 1.91±0.28;the relative expression levels of AQP4 mRNA were 1.00±0,2.62±0.34,8.38±0.84 and 5.27±0.42,respectively.Statistically significant differences were found between the above indexes in the 3,7 and 14 d of hypobaric hypoxia exposure group compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Different time of hypobaric hypoxia exposure can up-regulate the expression of AQPs proteins in HACE rats and cause the disruption of the blood-brain barrier,and the HACE model constructed in the hypobaric hypoxia chamber with 6 000 m intervention for 7 d was more stable.