Objective:To seek a correlation between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and skill in the activities of daily living (ADL) after an ischemic stroke.Methods:Ninety ischemic stroke survivors were assessed using the Barthel Index (BI). Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid using gas chromatography. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to identify SCFAs that correlated with the total BI score. Linear regressions were evaluated to explore the correlation between the total BI score and SCFAs.Results:The concentrations of propionic and butyric acids in the feces were found to correlate significantly with the total BI scores. Data including propionic acid and butyric acid levels, age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, any history of hypertension or diabetes, and other SCFAs were included in the regression models. Propionic and butyric acid levels were found to be potentially useful predictors of total BI scores.Conclusions:The concentration of propionic and butyric acids in the feces after an ischemic stroke can predict the survivor′s total BI score. Those concentrations could therefore be useful for predicting ADL ability.

Plant natural products have a wide range of pharmacological properties, not only can they be used as plant dietary supplements to meet the nutritional needs of the human body in the accelerated pace of life, but also occupy an important position in the research and development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of tumors, inflammation and other diseases, and have been widely accepted by the public due to their good safety. However, despite the above advantages of plant natural products, limiting factors such as low solubility, poor stability, lack of targeting, high toxicity and side effects, and unacceptable odor have greatly impeded their conversion to clinical applications. Therefore, the development of new avenues for the application of new natural products has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. In recent years, with the continuous development of research, various strategies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of natural products. Among them, nanocarrier delivery system is one of the most attractive strategies at present. In past studies, a large number of nanomaterials (organic, inorganic, etc.) have been developed to encapsulate plant-derived natural products for their efficient delivery to specific organs and cells. Up to now, nanotechnology has not only been limited to pharmaceutical applications, but is also competing in the fields of nanofood processing technology and nanoemulsions. Among the various nanocarriers, liposomes are the largest nanocarriers with the largest market share at present. Liposomes are bilayer nanovesicles synthesized from amphiphilic substances, which have advantages such as high drug loading capacity and stability. Attractively, the flexible surface of liposomes can be modified with various functional elements. Functionalized modification of liposomes with different functional elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, peptides, and stimuli-responsive moieties can bring out the excellent drug delivery function of liposomes to a greater extent. For example, the modification of functional elements with targeting function such as nucleic acids and antibodies on the surface of liposomes can deliver natural products to the target location and improve the bioavailability of drugs; the modification of stimulus-responsive groups such as photosensitizers, magnetic nanoparticles, pH-responsive groups, and temperature sensitizers on the surface of liposomes can achieve controlled release of drugs, localized targeting, and synergistic thermotherapy. In addition to the above properties, by using functionalized liposomes to encapsulate natural products with irritating properties can also effectively mask the irritating properties of natural products, improve public acceptance, and increase the possibility of application of irritating natural products. There are various strategies for modifying liposomes with functional elements, and the properties of functionalized liposomes constructed by different construction strategies differ. The commonly used construction strategies for functionalized liposomes include covalent modification and non-covalent modification. These two types of construction strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Covalent modification has better stability than non-covalent modification, but its operation is cumbersome. With the above background, this review focuses on the three typical problems faced by plant natural products at present, and summarizes the specific applications of functionalized liposomes in them. In addition, this paper summarizes the construction strategies for building different types of functionalized liposomes. Finally, this paper will also review the opportunities and challenges faced by functionalized liposomes to enter clinical therapy, and explore the opportunities to overcome these problems, with a view to better realizing the precise control of plant nanomedicines, and providing ideas and inspirations for researchers in related fields as well as relevant industrial staff.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the expression level of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B3 (PAFAH1B3 ) gene in bone marrow CD138⁺ cells of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and the prognosis within 2 years. METHODS: 147 MM patients treated with AHSCT in The First and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2014 to May 2019 were included in the study. Expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138⁺ cells of the patients was detected. Patients with disease progression or death during 2 years of follow-up were included in progression group, and the rest were included in good prognosis group. After comparing the clinical data and PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression levels of the two groups, the patients were divided into high PAFAH1B3 expression group and low PAFAH1B3 expression group based on the median PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level of the enrolled patients. Progression-free survival rate (PFSR) between the two groups was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. The related factors of prognosis within 2 years were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, there were 13 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 44 patients were included in the progression group and 90 patients were included in the good prognosis group. Age in the progression group was higher than that in the good prognosis group, the proportion of patients with CR+VGPR after transplantation in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group, and there was a statistical difference between two groups in the cases distribution of ISS stage (all P<0.05). PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level and the proportion of patients with LDH>250U/L in the progression group were higher than those in the good prognosis group, and platelet count in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). Compared with the low PAFAH1B3 expression group, the 2-year PFSR of the high PAFAH1B3 expression group was significantly lower (log-rank χ²=8.167, P=0.004). LDH>250U/L (HR=3.389, P=0.010), PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression (HR=50.561, P=0.001) and ISS stage Ⅲ(HR=1.000, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for prognosis in MM patients, and ISS stage Ⅰ (HR=0.133, P=0.001) was independent protective factor. CONCLUSION The expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138⁺ cells is related to the prognosis of MM patients treated with AHSCT, and detecting PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression can bring some information for predicting PFSR and prognostic stratification of patients.
Humans ; Disease Progression ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/genetics*

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R² of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ROC Curve

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of expanded internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap combined with vascular supercharge in reconstruction of faciocervical scar. Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted. From September 2012 to May 2021, 23 patients with postburn or posttraumatic faciocervical scars who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, including 18 males and 5 females, aged from 11 to 58 years, all of whom were reconstructed with expanded IMAP flaps. At the first stage, one or two skin and soft tissue expander (s) with appropriate rated capacity were implanted in the anterior chest area according to the location and size of the scars. The IMAP, thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery, and lateral thoracic artery were preserved during the operation. The skin and soft tissue expanders were inflated with normal saline after the operation. The flaps were transferred during the second stage. The dominant IMAP was determined preoperatively using color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) blood flow detector. The faciocervical scars were removed, forming wounds with areas of 9 cm×7 cm-28 cm×12 cm, and the perforators of superficial temporal artery and vein or facial artery and vein were preserved during the operation. The flaps were designed according to the area and size of the wounds after scar resection with the dominant IMAP as the pedicle. Single-pedicle IMAP flaps were used to repair small and medium-sized wounds. For larger defects, the blood perfusion areas of vessels in the anterior chest were evaluated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). In situations where the IMAP was insufficient to nourish the entire flap, double-pedicle flaps were designed by using the thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery or lateral thoracic artery for supercharging. Pedicled or free flap transfer was selected according to the distance between the donor areas and recipient areas. After transplantation of flaps, ICGA was conducted again to evaluate blood perfusion of the flaps. The donor sites of flaps were all closed by suturing directly. Statistics were recorded, including the number, rated capacity, normal saline injection volume, and expansion period of skin and soft tissue expanders, the location of the dominant IMAP, the total number of the flaps used, the number of flaps with different types of vascular pedicles, the flap area, the flap survival after the second stage surgery, the occurrence of common complications in the donor and recipient areas, and the condition of follow-up. Results: Totally 25 skin and soft tissue expanders were used in this group of patients, with rated capacity of 200-500 mL, normal saline injection volume of 855-2 055 mL, and expansion period of 4-16 months. The dominant IMAP was detected in the second intercostal space (20 sides) or the third intercostal space (5 sides) before surgery. A total of 25 expanded flaps were excised, including 2 pedicled IMAP flaps, 11 free IMAP flaps, 4 pedicled thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery+free IMAP flaps, and 8 free IMAP+lateral thoracic artery flaps, with flap areas of 10 cm×8 cm-30 cm×14 cm. After the second stage surgery, tip necrosis of flaps in three patients occurred, which healed after routine dressing changes; one patient developed arterial embolism and local torsion on the vascular pedicle at the anastomosis of IMAP and facial artery, and the blood supply recovered after thrombectomy and vascular re-anastomosis. Fourteen patients underwent flap thinning surgery in 1 month to 6 months after the second stage surgery. The follow-up for 4 months to 9 years showed that all patients had improved appearances of flaps and functions of face and neck and linear scar in the donor sites of flaps, and one female patient had obvious nipple displacement and bilateral breast asymmetry. Conclusions: The expanded IMAP flap is matched in color and texture with that of the face and neck, and its incision causes little damage to the chest donor sites. When combined with vascular supercharge, a double-pedicle flap can be designed flexibly to further enhance the blood supply and expand the flap incision area, which is a good choice for reconstruction of large faciocervical scar.
China ; Cicatrix/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammary Arteries/surgery* ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Saline Solution ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Surgical Wound ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) activation on the function and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as to explore the effects of TRPV4 activation on blood perfusion and survival of rat perforator flap and the mechanism. Methods: The experimental research methods were used. The 3^rd to 6^th passages of HUVECs were used for experiments and divided into 0.5 μmol/L 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (4αPDD) group, 1.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group, 3.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group, 10.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group, which were cultivated in corresponding final molarity of 4αPDD and PBS, respectively. The cell proliferation activity at 6 and 12 h of culture was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Another batch of cells was acquired and divided into PBS group, 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group, and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group, which were treated similarly as described before and then detected for cell proliferation activity at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of culture. The residual scratch area of cells at post scratch hour (PSH) 12, 24, and 48 was detected by scratch test, and the percentage of the residual scratch area was calculated. The number of migrated cells at 24 and 48 h of culture was detected by Transwell experiment. The tube-formation assay was used to measure the number of tubular structures at 4 and 8 h of culture. The protein expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, and Snail at 24 h of culture were detected by Western blotting. All the sample numbers in each group at each time point in vitro experiments were 3. A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 to 10 weeks were divided into delayed flap group, 4αPDD group, and normal saline group according to the random number table, with 12 rats in each group, and iliolumbar artery perforator flap models on the back were constructed. The flap surgical delay procedure was only performed in the rats in delayed flap group one week before the flap transfer surgery. Neither rats in 4αPDD group nor normal saline group had flap surgical delay; instead, they were intraperitoneally injected with 4αPDD and an equivalent mass of normal saline, respectively, at 10 min before, 24 h after, and 48 h after the surgery. The general state of flap was observed on post surgery day (PSD) 0 (immediately), 1, 4, and 7. The flap survival rates were assessed on PSD 7. The flap blood perfusion was detected by laser speckle contrast imaging technique on PSD 1, 4, and 7. The microvascular density in the flap's choke vessel zone was detected by immunohistochemical staining. All the sample numbers in each group at each time point in vivo experiments were 12. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: At 6 and 12 h of culture, there were no statistically significant differences in cell proliferation activity in the overall comparison among PBS group, 0.5 μmol/L 4αPDD group, 1.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group, 3.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group, and 10.0 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05). At 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of culture, there were no statistically significant differences in cell proliferation activity in the overall comparison among PBS group, 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group, and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05). At PSH 12, the percentages of the residual scratch area of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group were close to that in PBS group (P>0.05). At PSH 24 and 48, compared with those in PBS group, the percentages of the residual scratch area of cells in 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group were significantly decreased (with t values of 2.83 and 2.79, respectively, P<0.05), while the percentages of the residual scratch area of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group showed no significant differences (P>0.05). At 24 h of culture, the number of migrated cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group were close to that in PBS group (P>0.05). At 48 h of culture, the number of migrated cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD groups were significantly greater than that in PBS group (with t values of 6.20 and 9.59, respectively, P<0.01). At 4 h of culture, the numbers of tubular structures of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group were significantly greater than that in PBS group (with t values of 4.68 and 4.95, respectively, P<0.05 or <0.01). At 8 h of culture, the numbers of tubular structures of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD groups were similar to that in PBS group (P>0.05). At 24 h of culture, compared with those in PBS group, the protein expression level of E-cadherin of cells in 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group was significantly decreased (t=5.13, P<0.01), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the protein expression level of E-cadherin of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05); the protein expression level of N-cadherin of cells in 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group was significantly increased (t=4.93, P<0.01), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the protein expression level of N-cadherin of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05); the protein expression levels of Slug of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group were significantly increased (with t values of 3.85 and 6.52, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01); and the protein expression level of Snail of cells in 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group was significantly increased (t=4.08, P<0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the protein expression level of Snail of cells in 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, or Snail of cells between 1 μmol/L 4αPDD group and 3 μmol/L 4αPDD group (P>0.05). The general condition of flaps of rats in the three groups was good on PSD 0. On PSD 1, the flaps of rats in the three groups were basically similar, with bruising and swelling at the distal end. On PSD 4, the swelling of flaps of rats in the three groups subsided, and the distal end turned dark brown and necrosis occurred, with the area of necrosis in flaps of rats in normal saline group being larger than the areas in 4αPDD group and delayed flap group. On PSD 7, the necrotic areas of flaps of rats in the 3 groups were fairly stable, with the area of necrosis at the distal end of flap of rats in delayed flap group being the smallest. On PSD 7, the flap survival rates of rats in 4αPDD group ((80±13)%) and delayed flap group ((87±9)%) were similar (P>0.05), and both were significantly higher than (70±11)% in normal saline group (with t values of 2.24 and 3.65, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PSD 1, the overall blood perfusion signals of rats in the 3 groups were basically the same, and the blood perfusion signals in the choke vessel zone were relatively strong, with a certain degree of underperfusion at the distal end. On PSD 4, the boundary between the surviving and necrotic areas of flaps of rats in the 3 groups became evident, and the blood perfusion signals in the choke vessel zone were improved, with the normal saline group's distal hypoperfused area of flap being larger than the areas in delayed flap group and 4αPDD group. On PSD 7, the blood perfusion signals of overall flap of rats had generally stabilized in the 3 groups, with the intensity of blood perfusion signal in the choke vessel zone and overall flap of rats in delayed flap group and 4αPDD group being significantly greater than that in normal saline group. On PSD 7, the microvascular density in the choke vessel zone of flap of rats in 4αPDD group and delayed flap group were similar (P>0.05), and both were significantly higher than that in normal saline group (with t values of 4.11 and 5.38, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusions: After activation, TRPV4 may promote the migration and tubular formation of human vascular endothelial cells via the EndMT pathway, leading to the enhanced blood perfusion of perforator flap and microvascular density in the choke vessel zone, and therefore increase the flap survival rate.
Animals ; Cadherins ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Perforator Flap ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saline Solution ; TRPV Cation Channels

This paper was aimed to clarify the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on depression. Animal running platforms were used to establish HIIT exercise models, depression models were prepared by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and depression-related behaviors were detected by behavioral experiments. The results showed that HIIT exercise improved depression-related behavior in CUMS model mice. Western blot and ELISA results showed that in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala of the CUMS model mice, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression was down-regulated, and the content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased, compared with those in the control group, whereas HIIT exercise could effectively reverse these changes in CUMS model mice. These results suggest that HIIT exercise can exert antidepressant effect, which brings new ideas and means for the clinical treatment of depressive diseases.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Mice ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate myocardial injury in neonates born to pregnant women with pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia by myocardial work indices. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed on 25 preterm infants born to the pregnant women with severe preeclampsia from June 2020 to April 2021 (severe preeclampsia group), and 25 preterm infants born to the pregnant women without severe complications in pregnancy were enrolled as the control group. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours and at 48-72 hours and 14-28 days after birth to measure conventional parameters. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to construct a noninvasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop based on two-dimensional myocardial strain and left ventricular systolic pressure noninvasively measured, so as to calculate myocardial work indices. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the severe preeclampsia group had significant reductions in left ventricular global work index and global constructive work within 24 hours after birth (P<0.05), a significant reduction in left ventricular global work efficiency and a significant increase in global waste work at 48-72 hours after birth (P<0.05), and a significant reduction in left ventricular global work efficiency at 14-28 days after birth (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subclinical myocardial injury persists in the neonatal period in preterm infants born to pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.
Echocardiography/methods* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prospective Studies

Objective: To explore the influencing factors for the primary and secondary school students with abnormal angle of trunk rotation for the prevention. Methods: The students of Grade Four to Nine in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province were selected by cluster sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect social demographic data, diet behaviors, physical activities, reading and writing habits. The angle of trunk rotation was measured by scoliometer. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation. Results: This study included 2 942 schoolchildren, with 1 582 ( 53.78% ) boys and 1 360 ( 46.23% ) girls. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation was 7.82%. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls was 10.74%, which was higher than 5.31% in boys ( P<0.05 ). Grade ( OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.058-2.085 ), gender ( OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.536-2.828 ), frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.633-0.887 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.002-1.408 ) were the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students. Grade ( OR=2.664, 95%CI: 1.481-4.791 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.030-1.704 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in boys. Frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.574-0.887 ) and uncorrected eyesight less than 5.0 ( OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.164-2.767 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls. Conclusion The abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students is related to gender, grade, reading and writing behaviors as well as diets; and the influencing factors are different in male and female students.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of facility-based HIV testing and its associated factors among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Shanghai. Methods:From June 2018 to December 2020， MSM were recruited by a community organization “Shanghai CSW&MSM Center （SCMC）”. A total of 3 251 MSM were included as follows： being 18 years old and above， being HIV-negative or with unknown HIV status， living in Shanghai， had homosexual behavior in the past year， and completed informed consent. Using a self-designed questionnaire， we performed an online survey powered by www.wjx.cn to collect information on demographics， sexual behavior， and facility-based HIV testing. A total of 3 240 valid questionnaires were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with facility-based HIV testing. Results:A total of 3 240 MSM participated in the study with mean age of （29.7±6.2） years .The prevalence of facility-based HIV testing was 63.2% （2 049/3 240）， Multivariate logistic regression showed that the participants with a college degree or above were less likely to have facility-based HIV testing（OR=0.73，P=0.008）， compared to those with lower educational background. The proportion of the MSM who sought sexual partners through the internet received facility-based testing was 68.7%. Compared to the participants with the sexual role being 0 （only be penetrated）， those being 0.5 （both penetrated and be penetrated） and 1 （only penetrated） were both more likely to have the HIV testing （both P<0.05）. Those who used condoms during the last homosexual behavior were more likely to be tested than those who did not （OR=1.39， P=0.001）. Those who had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases were more likely to be tested than those who did not （OR=2.05， P<0.001）. The participants who had used HIV self-testing kits in the past were more likely to be tested than those who did not （OR=2.31， P<0.001）. Conclusion:MSM in Shanghai have lower utilization of facility-based HIV testing， which may be improved by strengthening the advocacy of facility-based HIV testing services through the internet and peer education， and innovating service models.