Travelling wave structures for lossless ion manipulations(TW-SLIM)employ travelling wave electric fields to propel ions forward,enabling exceptionally long transmission paths and holding great potential for applications in material transportation and separation.In this study,different from previous studies focusing on the transport performance of macromolecules such as proteins in TW-SLIM,the transmission performance of small molecules(<200 amu)was investigated and analyzed in the turning TW-SLIM through the COMSOL simulation platform,to explore the influence of electrostatic field of protective electrode and radio frequency(RF)electric field on ion transport efficiency,and obtain the optimal value.Compared to macromolecules,small molecules required lower voltage amplitudes from guard electrodes but stricter requirements in terms of the peak-to-peak amplitude and frequency of RF voltage for lossless transmission.Using dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP)as a sample and testing it on the TW-SLIM experimental platform,when the protective voltage amplitude was 5 V and the peak-to-peak voltage of the radio-frequency electrode was 440 V at 1.5 MHz,the ion transmission efficiency reached 100%,achieving lossless transmission.The experimental results provided valuable references for application of TW-SLIM in separation and detection of small molecular substances,such as explosives and drugs.

In the field of substance detection,ion dissociation techniques have become crucial for enhancing qualitative accuracy.By applying external energy to induce dissociation of ions in the substance being analyzed,the internal structural information can be obtained,thereby improving qualitative capabilities.Current research on ion dissociation techniques primarily focuses on tandem mass spectrometry,which typically requires a vacuum environment.However,research on ambient ion dissociation techniques is less developed,with some progress made in the field of tandem ion mobility spectrometry.Recently,the development of field-induced dissociation(FID)in this area has enabled ambient dissociation of various explosive and volatile alcohol ions.Nevertheless,the limitation imposed by the maximum breakdown field of air restricts the energy of the electric field,making it challenging to dissociate ions with high energy requirements,such as those of drugs.To address this issue,in this work,an ambient heat-induced dissociation(HID)technique based on high temperatures was proposed,in which an ambient ion heat-induced dissociation unit was developed and integrated into a home-made ion trap mass spectrometer.Experiments were conducted on four representative drug samples,e.g.methamphetamine,heroin,cocaine,and ketamine.The parent ions mass spectra,low vacuum collision-induced dissociation(CID)mass spectra and ambient HID mass spectra for each sample were obtained.By analyzing and comparing the fragmentation products from ambient and low vacuum dissociation,the feasibility of the ambient HID technique was verified.This technique provided a method for ion dissociation in single mass analyzers without tandem mass spectrometry capability and offered a new research direction for the future development of tandem ion mobility spectrometry.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

Aim To investigate the effect of neogam-bogic acid(NGA)on inducing ferroptosis in osteosar-coma K7M2 cells and subcutaneous transplanted tumor mice and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods MTT assay was employed to detect the effect of NGA(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol·L-1)on cell prolif-eration,and the IC50 value was calculated.Calcein AM assay was used to detect cell viability.Transwell was applied to detect cell invasion.TEM was utilized to ob-serve the mitochondria morphology.K7M2 cells were subjected to treat with ferroptosis inducers erastin(Era)and inhibitors ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)to assess the levels of MDA,GSH,Fe2+,and LDH.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of STAT3,GPX4,and SLC7A11.A transplanted tumor model was established and treated with NGA to assess the impact of it on tumor growth and ferroptosis in vivo.HE staining was applied to ana-lyze the pathological status of tumor tissues.Nile red fluorescence staining was applied to detect the level of lipid components in tumor tissues.Results The pro-liferation,viability and invasion ability of K7M2 cells were significantly reduced after treatment with NGA at different concentrations(P＜0.05),and typical fea-tures of ferroptosis such as decreased mitochondrial vol-ume and reduced mitochondrial spine were observed.Compared to the control,the expression of MDA,Fe2+and LDH significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the content of GSH significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ferroptosis in osteosarcoma was enhanced by the erastin,while inhibited by ferrostatin-1.In terms of mechanism,NGA inhibited the mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of STAT3,GPX4 and SLC7A11(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments confirmed that NGA signif-icantly improved the pathological state of tumor tissues,inhibited tumor growth,and induced ferroptosis in os-teosarcoma tissue cells.Conclusion NGA induces ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vi-vo by inhibiting the STAT3/GPX4/SLC7A11 signaling axis,thereby exerting an anti-osteosarcoma effect.

Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure; however, its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear. This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure, described the key concepts, synthesized data, and identified research gaps. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution, heart failure, and biomarkers. A total of 765 records were screened, and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 15 studies. The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels. Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies, supporting the biological relevance of these associations. However, few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers, and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive. These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollution-related cardiovascular burden. Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.
Heart Failure/epidemiology* ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Humans ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood* ; Oxidative Stress ; Troponin/blood*

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin B12(VB12)on the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in house dust mite(HDM)-treated human airway epithelial cell line(Beas-2b)and its underlying mechanism.Methods Beas-2b cells were cultured in DMEM high-glucose medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum.The cells were divided into four groups:control,VB12,HDM,and VB12+HDM.Beas-2b cells were trans-fected with lentiviruses carrying NC-siRNA,ATG5-siRNA,BECN1-siRNA,and mCherry-EGFP-LC3.After 12 hours of transfection(MOI=20),the medium was replaced with fresh medium,and stable transfected cell lines were selected using puromycin(1 μg/mL).Cells were stimulated with VB12(20 μg/mL)and HDM(50 μg/mL)for 24 hours.The protein levels of ZO-1,autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),BECN1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Autophagy in human airway epithelial cells was observed using confocal microscopy.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of ZO-1 in the HDM group was lower(P<0.05),while the expressions of ATG5,BECN1,and LC3 were higher(P<0.05).Compared with the HDM group,the VB12+HDM group showed increased ZO-1 expression(P<0.05),decreased expressions of ATG5,BECN1,and LC3(P<0.01),and reduced autophagosome formation(P<0.05).In ATG5-and BECN1-knockdown cell lines,ZO-1 expression increased after HDM treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Vb12 can enhance ZO-1 expression in HDM-treated human airway epithelial cells by down-regulating autophagy,and its mechanism is associated with the ATG5 and BECN1 signaling pathways.

Aim To investigate the effect of neogam-bogic acid(NGA)on inducing ferroptosis in osteosar-coma K7M2 cells and subcutaneous transplanted tumor mice and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods MTT assay was employed to detect the effect of NGA(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol·L-1)on cell prolif-eration,and the IC50 value was calculated.Calcein AM assay was used to detect cell viability.Transwell was applied to detect cell invasion.TEM was utilized to ob-serve the mitochondria morphology.K7M2 cells were subjected to treat with ferroptosis inducers erastin(Era)and inhibitors ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)to assess the levels of MDA,GSH,Fe2+,and LDH.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of STAT3,GPX4,and SLC7A11.A transplanted tumor model was established and treated with NGA to assess the impact of it on tumor growth and ferroptosis in vivo.HE staining was applied to ana-lyze the pathological status of tumor tissues.Nile red fluorescence staining was applied to detect the level of lipid components in tumor tissues.Results The pro-liferation,viability and invasion ability of K7M2 cells were significantly reduced after treatment with NGA at different concentrations(P＜0.05),and typical fea-tures of ferroptosis such as decreased mitochondrial vol-ume and reduced mitochondrial spine were observed.Compared to the control,the expression of MDA,Fe2+and LDH significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the content of GSH significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ferroptosis in osteosarcoma was enhanced by the erastin,while inhibited by ferrostatin-1.In terms of mechanism,NGA inhibited the mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of STAT3,GPX4 and SLC7A11(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments confirmed that NGA signif-icantly improved the pathological state of tumor tissues,inhibited tumor growth,and induced ferroptosis in os-teosarcoma tissue cells.Conclusion NGA induces ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vi-vo by inhibiting the STAT3/GPX4/SLC7A11 signaling axis,thereby exerting an anti-osteosarcoma effect.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of autophagy induced by House dust mites(HDM)on airway epithelial tight junction through β-catenin-Snail signaling pathway.Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells(16HBE)were stimulated with HDM at different time points(0,3,6,12,24,48 h)and different concen-trations(0,40,100,200 μg/mL)to screen the appropriate stimulation concentration and stimulation time.16HBE cells were treated with oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetylcysteine(NAC),autophagy inhibitor 3-methylad-enine(3-MA),HDM,and their combinations.Cells were transfected with mCherry-EGFP-LC3B,Beclin-1-siRNA,and ATG14-siRNA lentivirus and then stimulated with NAC and HDM.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3B,tight junction-related proteins Occludin,and ZO-1 in airway epithelial cells.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by using DCFH-DA in each group.The protein expression levels of Occludin,ZO-1,LC3B,Beclin-1,ATG5,ATG14,P62,Snail,β-catenin and p-β-catenin were detected by Western blot method.Results Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the control group,200 μg/mL HDM stimulation induced cellular autophagy,increased the expression level of LC3B protein,and promoted the level of ROS,all with statistical significances(all P<0.05).Compared with the HDM group,the HDM+3-MA,HDM+ATG14-si,and HDM+Beclin-1-si groupsall showed significantincreases in the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).The HDM+NAC group demonstrated significant decreases both in the level of ROS andin the expression level of LC3B protein.Western blot results revealed that compared with HDM,3-MA and autophagy protein low-expression beads(Beclin-1-si,ATG14-si)attenuated HDM-induced cellular autophagy(P<0.05),inhibited HDM-induced upregulation of Snail and p-β-catenin expression,and improved HDM-induced decreases in Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the HDM group,the NAC+HDM group exhibited significant decreases both in the conversion of LC3BⅠ to LC3BⅡ(P<0.001)in the protein levels of Snail,p-β-catenin,Beclin-1 and ATG14(P<0.01),but significant increases in the protein levels of Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).Conclusion HDM affects the tight connections between airway epithelial cells by inducing autophagy,which may be attributed to the β-catenin-Snail signaling pathway.

Severe open tibiofibular fractures account for approximately 28.1% of all open fractures. Among them, Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB/C fractures present significant clinical challenges due to associated bone and soft tissue defects, high infection rates, and risk of amputation. Inadequate preoperative assessment may lead to suboptimal emergency surgical planning or intraoperative complications. Historically, external fixation was often preferred, but this approach has been associated with limitations such as restricted joint mobility, delayed bone union, joint stiffness, and disuse osteoporosis, resulting in poor functional recovery. With advancements of debridement techniques, standardization of antibiotic use, and popularization of early soft tissue coverage, early internal fixation has gained broader acceptance. Nevertheless, controversies persist regarding the choice of fixation method, timing of definitive fixation, use of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing, and necessity of fibular fixation. To standardize the diagnosis and early management of severe open tibiofibular fractures, reduce complication rates, and improve functional recovery, the Society of Microsurgery of the Chinese Medical Association organized a panel of domestic experts to develop the Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and early fixation of severe open tibiofibular fractures ( version 2025), using evidence-based methodology. The guidelines provided 12 recommendations covering diagnostic and early fixation strategies of severe open tibiofibular fractures, aiming to provide clinicians with scientifically grounded and standardized guidance.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer, as well as its effects on tumor markers and immune function.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received treatment at Yiwu Central Hospital from January 2020 to March 2024. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 30 per group) based on whether they received bevacizumab. Patients in the observation group received bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy, while those in the control group received chemotherapy alone. The two groups were evaluated over two consecutive treatment cycles, with each cycle lasting 21 days. Short-term efficacy was compared between the two groups. The Karnofsky score, tumor markers, and immune function were assessed before and after treatment in both groups. Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. Results:The objective response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [73.33% (22/30) vs. 46.67% (14/30), χ2 = 4.44, P<0.05]. After treatment, the Karnofsky score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(83.39 ± 4.43) vs. (75.48 ± 4.06), t = 7.21, P<0.001]. The serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in the observation group were all significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -11.27, -8.91, -13.33, all P<0.001). CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ were significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group ( t = 10.20, 10.74, 10.17, all P<0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In patients with advanced cervical cancer, bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy demonstrates better efficacy than chemotherapy alone. The combined therapy is more effective in lowering serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, as well as enhancing immune function, without increasing adverse reactions compared with chemotherapy alone.