In the context of global warming, protecting outdoor workers from occupational heat exposure has become an important public health concern. This review summarized the principle, applicability, and limitation of three categories of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) prediction models: empirical regression models, heat-balance models, and machine-learning models. Drawing on international experience from the United States, Europe, and Japan, this review further examined the technical challenges of applying WBGT-based prediction models to large-scale occupational heat stress early warning systems. In response to gaps in occupational heat stress management in China, WBGT should be considered a core assessment indicator to support a transition from passive response to proactive intervention. A localized implementation pathway is proposed, incorporating mechanism-based model calibration, regional parameter adaptation, and multi-source data fusion. Strengthening collaboration between public health and meteorological departments and developing platform-based flexible intervention strategies for workers in new forms of employment may improve the targeting of occupational heat stress early warning and health protection. Future research should focus on physics-constrained machine learning, refined microenvironmental prediction, and individualized risk assessment to support the development of a digitally enabled occupational heat-health protection framework.

AIM To invesigate the quantitative transmitting rules of benchmark samples of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction.METHODS HPLC fingerprints were established,after which principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of 6-gingerol,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined,after which their transfer rates and dry paste rate were calculated.RESULTS There were 22 common peaks in the fingerprints for 15 batches of benchmark samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of benchmark samples were clustered into 3 categories,4 principal components demonstrated the accumulative variance contribution rate of 92.676％,and liquiritin made a great contribution to grouping.In various batches of medicinal materials-decoction pieces,decoction pieces-standard decoctions and standard decoctions-benchmark samples,the transfer rates of 6-gingerol were 84.72％-100.00％,14.29％-24.14％,88.60％-99.36％,those of liquiritin were 74.38％-100.00％,38.54％-64.20％,96.91％-100.30％,and those of glycyrrhizic acid were 68.28％-103.27％,28.48％-49.79％,92.93％-100.49％,the dry paste rate was 13.75％-16.41％.CONCLUSION The preparation process for benchmark samples of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction is stable,6-gingerol,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid can be taken as their quality markers.Fingerprint combined with content determination can provides a reference for the quality control of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction and their related preparations.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To explore the effect of exercise on the memory of rats modeling vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and also its effects on the hippocampal Sema3G/neuropilin-2 (Nrp2)/PlexinA4 signaling pathway.Methods:Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, and an exercise group, each of 6. The model and exercise groups underwent VCI modeling via bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, while the sham-operated group received the same surgical procedure without vessel ligation or transection. Beginning forty-eight hours after the surgery, the exercise group carried out daily 30-minute treadmill training sessions, 5 days a week, for a total of 4 weeks, while the other two groups were placed on the same treadmill with it not in operation. After the intervention, cognitive functioning was assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test and a Y-maze test. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the expression of Sema3G, Nrp2, PlexinA4, and Rac1 in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the distribution of Nrp2 and PlexinA4 in the hippocampus.Results:Compared with the model group, the exercise group exhibited significantly higher NOR indices during both the short-term and long-term memory testing phases after the intervention. Those rats also tended to have significantly longer total exploration times in the novel arm of the Y-maze test. The western blotting revealed that the expression levels of Sema3G, PlexinA4, and Rac1 in the hippocampus were significantly higher in the exercise group compared to the model group, on average. Immunofluorescence showed significantly increased PlexinA4 fluorescence intensity in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus, and significantly elevated Nrp2 fluorescence intensity in the CA3 region in the exercise group compared to the model group. The Pearson correlation coefficients for Nrp2/PlexinA4 co-localization in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions were significantly higher in the exercise group than in the model group.Conclusions:Exercise training significantly improves memory function in rats with VCI, and this effect may be associated with activation of the hippocampal Sema3G/Nrp2/PlexinA4 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyse fungal composition and exploit application potential in the Bantou (BT) agarwood-forming trunk of Aquilaria sinensis. METHODS: BT agarwood is a naturally formed agarwood that was collected after cutting. Total genomic DNA of the fungi in BT agarwood was extracted by the hexadecyltrimethy ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, followed by PCR amplification and library construction. The effective tags were obtained by the HiSeq2500 platform, and the data were subjected to bioinformatics and statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 7 850 040 effective tags were obtained, Ascomycota was the most abundant fungus at the phylum level, with a relative abundance of 56.36%-61.44%, followed by Basidiomycota, with a relative abundance of 10.49%-20.39%. Dothideomycetes, Agaricomycetes and Sordariomycetes were dominant at the class level, accounting for 26.21%-33.88%, 8.40%-17.66%, and 18.41%-24.11%, respectively. Lignosphaeria, Phaeoacremonium and Hermatomyces were dominant at the genus level, with relative abundances of 6.25%-7.64%, 1.95%-9.05% and 1.5%-5.4%, respectively. Diversity and richness analysis showed that the fungal composition in the agarwood formation sites (agarwood layer, upper agarwood layer and lower agarwood layer) were significantly lower than those in the decomposing layer and the healthy layer. That is, the fungal diversity and richness were significantly reduced during agarwood formation by the action of open wounds. The fungal community structure in the decomposing layer and agarwood formation sites obviously differed from that in the healthy layer. The number of Aspergillus taxa in agarwood formation sites decreased significantly (healthy layer is 0.5%, decomposing layer is 0.022%, upper agarwood layer is 0.012%, agarwood layer is 0.01%, and lower agarwood layer is 0.013%), indicating that agarwood may contain potential substances to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus. CONCLUSION Agarwood from agarwood formation sites contains potential substances that inhibit Aspergillus, which provides valuable information for the control of the genus of Aspergillus.

As the most common phenotype of type 1 neurofibromatosis(NF1),plexiform neurofibromas(pNF)exhibit early asymptomatic presentation but multisite involvement,with a risk of progression.Imaging serves as vital tool for evaluation and management of NF1-associated pNF.The progresses of imaging for evaluating NF1-related pNF were reviewed in this article.

Aim To investigate the effect of N6-methy-ladenosine(m6A)demethylase ALKBH5 on the prolif-eration and migration of cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)in-duced by high glucose.Methods Primary CFs were isolated from neonatal mouse hearts and identified u-sing optical and confocal microscopy.Cell activation was induced using a high-glucose medium(33 mmol·L-1 glucose).An ALKBH5 overexpression model was established by transfecting CFs with an ALKBH5 ex-pression vector in a high-glucose medium.The expres-sion of ALKBH5 in CFs was assessed through immuno-fluorescence staining,Western blot and RT-qPCR.Changes in m6A levels were evaluated using Dot blot a-nalysis.Additionally,Alterations in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and collagenⅠ,a pivotal fibrosis indicator,were measured using Western blot.The proliferation and migration ability of CFs were assessed through EdU staining and Transwell migration assay,respectively.Results Following treatment with high glucose,the expression of ALKBH5 in CFs notably decreased,while m6A level increased.This was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the fi-brosis marker collagen Ⅰ.Additionally,there was a sig-nificant improvement in the ability of proliferation and migration.Overexpression of ALKBH5 resulted in a significant decrease in the expressions of PCNA and collagen Ⅰ,leading to the inhibition of both proliferation and migration in CFs.Conclusion Overexpression of ALKBH5 suppresses the expression of PCNA and colla-gen Ⅰ,consequently reducing the proliferation and mi-gration of CFs,potentially through m6A methylation modification.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablets on pathological myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)in rats,as well as its influence on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in myo-cardial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups:the sham operation group(Sham),the model group(AAC),the tadalafil new tablet treat-ment group(N-Tad,5 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,10 mg·kg-1g).The AAC model group and treatment group rats under-went blunt dissection and constrictive ligation of the abdominal aorta at the left renal artery branch point during surgery,while the Sham group rats only had their arteries separated without any constrictive liga-tion.Rats in the treatment groups received either N-Tad or Cialis via gavage three days after modeling,while rats in the sham group and the model group re-ceived physiological saline daily for 8 weeks.Small an-imal ultra-high-resolution echocardiography and hemo-dynamic assessment were applied to evaluate left ven-tricular function in each group of rats,and the calcula-tion of the left ventricular mass index was conducted.By employing Western blot and RT-PCR.we assessed the impact of this treatment on the expression of the hy-pertrophy factor atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein(p-NF-κB p65),and phosphorylated IκB-α in the left heart tissue of rats and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared to the Sham group,the AAC rats exhibited a significant decrease in left heart function,an increase in left ven-tricular mass index,and a notable increase in ANP and p-p65 expression in the left heart tissue(P＜0.05).Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance left ventricular function,decrease left ventric-ular mass index,and inhibit the expression of ANP and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in rats with myocardial hy-pertrophy(P＜0.05).Notably,the therapeutic effect of low-dose N-Tad was comparable to that of high-dose Cialis.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of associated proteins in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Conclusions N-Tad can sig-nificantly inhibit p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation,and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,reduce ANP expression,and improve pathological myocardial hypertrophy,as well as mitigate left heart function damage caused by abdominal aortic constriction.

Objective:To investigate the impact of the interval between neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy(nICT) and surgery on pathological outcomes and prognosis in patients.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 115 patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent nICT followed by sequential surgery at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People′s Hospital or Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to April 2024 were included. Among them, 99 were male and 16 were female, with an age of ( M(IQR)) 65 (11) years (range:45 to 81 years). All patients received 2 to 6 cycles of paclitaxel plus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy combined with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. The resectability of tumors was assessed based on CT scans of the chest and abdomen, and surgical approaches included Sweet surgery, Mckeown surgery, and Ivor-Lewis surgery. Patients were divided into a short-interval group (4 to <6 weeks) and a long-interval group (6 to 12 weeks) based on the interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery. General patient data, surgical details, pathological response, and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Data comparisons were performed using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test, or Fisher′s exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors influencing pathological complete response (pCR). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Results:There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, neoadjuvant treatment details, surgical outcomes, or postoperative complications between the long-interval group and the short-interval group (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that, among clinical factors, interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery was significantly associated with pCR (long-interval group vs. short-interval group: OR=4.14, 95% CI:1.63 to 10.50, P=0.003). The pCR rate was higher in the long-interval group (43.6% vs. 17.1%, χ2=6.48, P=0.011). Survival analysis showed no significant differences in overall survival ( P=0.094) or disease-free survival ( P=0.840) between the two groups. Conclusion:Appropriately extending the surgical interval after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy maybe lead to a higher pCR rate, without increasing surgical difficulty or damaging prognosis.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablets on pathological myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)in rats,as well as its influence on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in myo-cardial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups:the sham operation group(Sham),the model group(AAC),the tadalafil new tablet treat-ment group(N-Tad,5 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,10 mg·kg-1g).The AAC model group and treatment group rats under-went blunt dissection and constrictive ligation of the abdominal aorta at the left renal artery branch point during surgery,while the Sham group rats only had their arteries separated without any constrictive liga-tion.Rats in the treatment groups received either N-Tad or Cialis via gavage three days after modeling,while rats in the sham group and the model group re-ceived physiological saline daily for 8 weeks.Small an-imal ultra-high-resolution echocardiography and hemo-dynamic assessment were applied to evaluate left ven-tricular function in each group of rats,and the calcula-tion of the left ventricular mass index was conducted.By employing Western blot and RT-PCR.we assessed the impact of this treatment on the expression of the hy-pertrophy factor atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein(p-NF-κB p65),and phosphorylated IκB-α in the left heart tissue of rats and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared to the Sham group,the AAC rats exhibited a significant decrease in left heart function,an increase in left ven-tricular mass index,and a notable increase in ANP and p-p65 expression in the left heart tissue(P＜0.05).Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance left ventricular function,decrease left ventric-ular mass index,and inhibit the expression of ANP and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in rats with myocardial hy-pertrophy(P＜0.05).Notably,the therapeutic effect of low-dose N-Tad was comparable to that of high-dose Cialis.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of associated proteins in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Conclusions N-Tad can sig-nificantly inhibit p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation,and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,reduce ANP expression,and improve pathological myocardial hypertrophy,as well as mitigate left heart function damage caused by abdominal aortic constriction.