Background: and Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Methods: Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Recommendations were graded for evidence quality and strength using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: Three main recommendations are presented: (1) For AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) are strongly recommended for improving cognition and daily function based on moderate evidence; (2) Cholinesterase inhibitors are conditionally recommended for vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia, with a strong recommendation for Lewy body dementia; (3) For moderate to severe AD, NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) is strongly recommended, demonstrating significant cognitive and functional improvements. Both drug classes showed favorable safety profiles with manageable side effects. Conclusions This guideline offers standardized, evidence-based pharmacologic recommendations for dementia management, with specific guidance on cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists. It aims to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in dementia care. Further updates will address emerging treatments, including amyloid-targeting therapies, to reflect advances in dementia management.

Background: and Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Methods: Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Recommendations were graded for evidence quality and strength using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: Three main recommendations are presented: (1) For AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) are strongly recommended for improving cognition and daily function based on moderate evidence; (2) Cholinesterase inhibitors are conditionally recommended for vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia, with a strong recommendation for Lewy body dementia; (3) For moderate to severe AD, NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) is strongly recommended, demonstrating significant cognitive and functional improvements. Both drug classes showed favorable safety profiles with manageable side effects. Conclusions This guideline offers standardized, evidence-based pharmacologic recommendations for dementia management, with specific guidance on cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists. It aims to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in dementia care. Further updates will address emerging treatments, including amyloid-targeting therapies, to reflect advances in dementia management.

Background: and Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Methods: Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Recommendations were graded for evidence quality and strength using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: Three main recommendations are presented: (1) For AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) are strongly recommended for improving cognition and daily function based on moderate evidence; (2) Cholinesterase inhibitors are conditionally recommended for vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia, with a strong recommendation for Lewy body dementia; (3) For moderate to severe AD, NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) is strongly recommended, demonstrating significant cognitive and functional improvements. Both drug classes showed favorable safety profiles with manageable side effects. Conclusions This guideline offers standardized, evidence-based pharmacologic recommendations for dementia management, with specific guidance on cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists. It aims to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in dementia care. Further updates will address emerging treatments, including amyloid-targeting therapies, to reflect advances in dementia management.

Background: and Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Methods: Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Recommendations were graded for evidence quality and strength using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: Three main recommendations are presented: (1) For AD, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) are strongly recommended for improving cognition and daily function based on moderate evidence; (2) Cholinesterase inhibitors are conditionally recommended for vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia, with a strong recommendation for Lewy body dementia; (3) For moderate to severe AD, NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) is strongly recommended, demonstrating significant cognitive and functional improvements. Both drug classes showed favorable safety profiles with manageable side effects. Conclusions This guideline offers standardized, evidence-based pharmacologic recommendations for dementia management, with specific guidance on cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists. It aims to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in dementia care. Further updates will address emerging treatments, including amyloid-targeting therapies, to reflect advances in dementia management.

Background: Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (pcCD30-LPDs) are a diseases with various clinical and prognostic characteristics. Objective: Increasing our knowledge of the clinical characteristics of pcCD30-LPDs and identifying potential prognostic variables in an Asian population. Methods: Clinicopathological features and survival data of pcCD30-LPD cases obtained from 22 hospitals in South Korea were examined. Results: A total of 413 cases of pcCD30-LPDs (lymphomatoid papulosis [LYP], n=237; primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma [C-ALCL], n=176) were included. Ninety percent of LYP patients and roughly 50% of C-ALCL patients presented with multiple skin lesions. Both LYP and C-ALCL affected the lower limbs most frequently. Multiplicity and advanced T stage of LYP lesions were associated with a chronic course longer than 6 months. Clinical morphology with patch lesions and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase were significantly associated with LPDs during follow-up in LYP patients. Extracutaneous involvement of C-ALCL occurred in 13.2% of patients. Lesions larger than 5 cm and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase were associated with a poor prognosis in C-ALCL. The survival of patients with C-ALCL was unaffected by the anatomical locations of skin lesions or other pathological factors. Conclusion The multiplicity or size of skin lesions was associated with a chronic course of LYP and survival among patients with C-ALCL.

Background: Genetic alterations play a pivotal role in multiple myeloma (MM) development and therapeutic resistance. Traditionally, the genetic profiling of MM requires invasive bone marrow (BM) procedures; however, these procedures are associated with patient discomfort and cannot fully capture the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the disease.Therefore, we investigated the clinical implications of liquid biopsy using targeted deep sequencing. Methods: We analyzed the genetic profiles of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by targeted deep sequencing from 102 patients, including those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, N = 7), smoldering MM (N = 6), and symptomatic MM (N = 89). Results: The number of ctDNA mutations increased with disease progression from MGUS to MM, with averages of 1.0 mutations in MGUS, 1.8 mutations in smoldering MM, and 1.9 mutations in MM, respectively. Shared mutations between BM and ctDNA were more prevalent in MM (68.9%) than in MGUS (25.0%). RAS/RAF and TP53 mutations were significantly enriched in MM ctDNA. Specific mutations were associated with clinical features in patients with MM: hypercalcemia and TET2 (P = 0.006), renal insufficiency and NRAS (P = 0.012), paramedullary myeloma and TP53(P = 0.02), and extramedullary myeloma and NRAS (P = 0.007). TET2 mutations significantly affected 2-yr progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 7.11, P = 0.003). Serial ctDNA profiling accurately predicted treatment response in patients with MM. Conclusions Our findings highlight the potential of liquid biopsy for understanding MM progression and prognosis utilizing a minimally invasive approach, paving the way for its integration into personalized treatment strategies and real-time disease monitoring.

Glyceryl phenylbutyrate(GPB)serves as a long-term management medication for Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OTCD),effectively controlling hyperammonemia,but there is a lack of experience in using this medicine in China.This article retrospectively analyzes the case of a child diagnosed with OTCD at Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,including a review of related literature.After diagnosis,the patient was treated with GPB,followed by efficacy follow-up and pharmacological monitoring.The 6-year and 6-month-old male patient exhibited poor speech development,disobedience,temper tantrums,and aggressive behavior.Blood ammonia levels peaked at 327 μmol/L;urine organic acid analysis indicated elevated uracil levels;cranial MRI showed extensive abnormal signals in both cerebral hemispheres.Genetic testing revealed de novo mutation in the OTC gene(c.241T＞C,p.S81P).Blood ammonia levels were approximately 43,80,and 56 μmol/L at 1,2,and 3 months after starting GPB treatment,respectively.During treatment,blood ammonia was well-controlled without drug-related adverse effects.The patient showed improvement in developmental delays,obedience,temperament,and absence of aggressive behavior.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current status of periodontal disease programs implemented by public health centers in the Republic of Korea. Methods: An explanatory survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare from October to November 2023. The survey focused on the periodontal programs and the implementation status across different stages. Distributed and collected via Google Forms, the survey targeted 196 oral health teams within public health centers in Korea. A total of 109 public health centers responded to the study questionnaire, yielding a participation rate of 55.6%. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26. Results: A majority of periodontal disease programs were implemented exclusively by oral health teams, with a rate of 33.0%. The implementation rate of collaboration with home-visiting health teams was 17.4% and with other teams was 10.1%. The implementation rates of periodontal management across stages were as follows: 11.9% for periodontal examination, 18.3% for periodontal treatment, and 11.9% for sustainable periodontal care. Conclusions Periodontal disease programs are predominantly conducted by oral health teams with limited collaboration across other health teams. Additionally, periodontal management activities, such as examinations and treatments, remain insufficient. Integration between oral health teams and other health teams within public health centers or private dental clinics should be improved.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current status of periodontal disease programs implemented by public health centers in the Republic of Korea. Methods: An explanatory survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare from October to November 2023. The survey focused on the periodontal programs and the implementation status across different stages. Distributed and collected via Google Forms, the survey targeted 196 oral health teams within public health centers in Korea. A total of 109 public health centers responded to the study questionnaire, yielding a participation rate of 55.6%. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26. Results: A majority of periodontal disease programs were implemented exclusively by oral health teams, with a rate of 33.0%. The implementation rate of collaboration with home-visiting health teams was 17.4% and with other teams was 10.1%. The implementation rates of periodontal management across stages were as follows: 11.9% for periodontal examination, 18.3% for periodontal treatment, and 11.9% for sustainable periodontal care. Conclusions Periodontal disease programs are predominantly conducted by oral health teams with limited collaboration across other health teams. Additionally, periodontal management activities, such as examinations and treatments, remain insufficient. Integration between oral health teams and other health teams within public health centers or private dental clinics should be improved.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current status of periodontal disease programs implemented by public health centers in the Republic of Korea. Methods: An explanatory survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare from October to November 2023. The survey focused on the periodontal programs and the implementation status across different stages. Distributed and collected via Google Forms, the survey targeted 196 oral health teams within public health centers in Korea. A total of 109 public health centers responded to the study questionnaire, yielding a participation rate of 55.6%. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26. Results: A majority of periodontal disease programs were implemented exclusively by oral health teams, with a rate of 33.0%. The implementation rate of collaboration with home-visiting health teams was 17.4% and with other teams was 10.1%. The implementation rates of periodontal management across stages were as follows: 11.9% for periodontal examination, 18.3% for periodontal treatment, and 11.9% for sustainable periodontal care. Conclusions Periodontal disease programs are predominantly conducted by oral health teams with limited collaboration across other health teams. Additionally, periodontal management activities, such as examinations and treatments, remain insufficient. Integration between oral health teams and other health teams within public health centers or private dental clinics should be improved.