Purpose: Postoperative complications following gastric cancer surgery significantly impact patient outcomes, yet standardized definitions for these events have not been consistently applied across institutions in Korea. This study aimed to develop a consensus-based, standardized complication classification system specific to gastrectomy for gastric cancer as part of the Korean Quality Improvement Platform in Surgery (K-QIPS) initiative. Methods: As part of K-QIPS, a dedicated task force team (TFT) was formed with surgical experts from fourteen high-volume hospitals across Korea. The TFT conducted ten formal meetings to review existing literature and international guidelines, and incorporated findings from randomized controlled trials. The final complication list was developed through expert consensus and structured into a standardized framework. A Data Entry Manual was created to support consistent data collection by surgical clinical reviewers. Results: The TFT defined specific postoperative complications following gastrectomy for gastric cancer, including anastomotic leakage, duodenal stump leakage, pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal and luminal bleeding, delayed gastric emptying, and internal hernia. Notably, internal hernia was described in standardized form for the first time. General complications were developed first and overlapped in part with the gastric cancer-specific list. The task force also produced a Data Entry Manual that provides practical instructions to ensure consistency and accuracy in complication reporting. Conclusion This nationwide consensus initiative established the first standardized complication classification system for gastric cancer surgery in Korea. The proposed definitions and data entry system are expected to improve complication reporting, enable multicenter research, support surgical quality benchmarking, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.

Purpose: Surveillance guidelines following breast cancer surgery recommend mammography as the sole imaging modality. However, the accuracy of mammography is low in younger women and in those with dense breast tissue. Additional imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may offer diagnostic benefits.This prospective, multicenter study (KBCSG-27) aims to compare the diagnostic performances of mammography, ultrasonography, and MRI for detecting second breast cancer (SBC) in women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) and dense breasts. Methods This study will recruit approximately 1,756 women, aged 20–75 years, who were treated for stage 0–III breast cancer and have dense breast tissue on mammography.Participants will undergo two annual breast screenings, each consisting of mammography, ultrasonography, and MRI. MRI will be performed using either abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (AB-MRI) or full-protocol magnetic resonance imaging (FP-MRI), which will be randomly assigned such that each participant receives both protocols alternately.Radiologists will independently interpret all images. A combination of pathology results and 12-month follow-up will serve as the reference standard. A patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool will be used to assess patients’ experiences and preferences between AB-MRI and FPMRI. The primary objective is to compare the cancer detection rates of ultrasonography versus AB-MRI and ultrasonography versus FP-MRI. Secondary outcomes include comparisons of the invasive cancer detection rates, abnormal interpretation rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and interval cancer rates. Subgroup analyses will be conducted based on age, menopausal status, mammographic breast density, and molecular subtype. Additionally, PRO results of AB-MRI and FP-MRI will be compared.Discussion: This ongoing, prospective, multicenter study aims to evaluate the performance of ultrasonography, AB-MRI, and FP-MRI in SBC surveillance in women with PHBC and dense breasts. Enrollment is expected to be completed by 2025, with results anticipated after 2028.

Background: Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (pcCD30-LPDs) are a diseases with various clinical and prognostic characteristics. Objective: Increasing our knowledge of the clinical characteristics of pcCD30-LPDs and identifying potential prognostic variables in an Asian population. Methods: Clinicopathological features and survival data of pcCD30-LPD cases obtained from 22 hospitals in South Korea were examined. Results: A total of 413 cases of pcCD30-LPDs (lymphomatoid papulosis [LYP], n=237; primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma [C-ALCL], n=176) were included. Ninety percent of LYP patients and roughly 50% of C-ALCL patients presented with multiple skin lesions. Both LYP and C-ALCL affected the lower limbs most frequently. Multiplicity and advanced T stage of LYP lesions were associated with a chronic course longer than 6 months. Clinical morphology with patch lesions and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase were significantly associated with LPDs during follow-up in LYP patients. Extracutaneous involvement of C-ALCL occurred in 13.2% of patients. Lesions larger than 5 cm and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase were associated with a poor prognosis in C-ALCL. The survival of patients with C-ALCL was unaffected by the anatomical locations of skin lesions or other pathological factors. Conclusion The multiplicity or size of skin lesions was associated with a chronic course of LYP and survival among patients with C-ALCL.

Background and Objectives: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a life-threatening inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Recently, RYR2, the major CPVTcausative gene, was associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and treatment outcomes of children with CPVT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients diagnosed with CPVT before 19 years of age. Genetic analysis, history of neuropsychiatric manifestations, changes in ventricular arrhythmia burden before and after treatment, occurrence of cardiac events, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: RYR2 variants were identified in 17 patients, and 14 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were identified in 10 patients (43.5%). The 5-year cardiac event-free survival rate was 31.2%, and the 10-year OS rate was 73.1%. Patients diagnosed since 2009 had a higher cardiac event-free survival rate than those diagnosed before 2009 (p=0.0028).Combined beta-blocker and flecainide therapy demonstrated a lower risk of cardiac events than beta-blocker monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.38;p=0.002). Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) reduced the ventricular arrhythmia burden in Holter monitoring. Occurrence of near-fatal cardiac events after diagnosis was an independent predictor of death (HR, 33.40; 95% CI, 6.23–179.95; p<0.001). Conclusions Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in children with CPVT. Flecainide and/or LCSD, when added to beta-blocker therapy, reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden and cardiac events, thereby improving treatment outcomes in recent years.

Background and Objectives: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a life-threatening inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Recently, RYR2, the major CPVTcausative gene, was associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and treatment outcomes of children with CPVT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients diagnosed with CPVT before 19 years of age. Genetic analysis, history of neuropsychiatric manifestations, changes in ventricular arrhythmia burden before and after treatment, occurrence of cardiac events, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: RYR2 variants were identified in 17 patients, and 14 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were identified in 10 patients (43.5%). The 5-year cardiac event-free survival rate was 31.2%, and the 10-year OS rate was 73.1%. Patients diagnosed since 2009 had a higher cardiac event-free survival rate than those diagnosed before 2009 (p=0.0028).Combined beta-blocker and flecainide therapy demonstrated a lower risk of cardiac events than beta-blocker monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.38;p=0.002). Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) reduced the ventricular arrhythmia burden in Holter monitoring. Occurrence of near-fatal cardiac events after diagnosis was an independent predictor of death (HR, 33.40; 95% CI, 6.23–179.95; p<0.001). Conclusions Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in children with CPVT. Flecainide and/or LCSD, when added to beta-blocker therapy, reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden and cardiac events, thereby improving treatment outcomes in recent years.

Background and Objectives: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a life-threatening inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Recently, RYR2, the major CPVTcausative gene, was associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and treatment outcomes of children with CPVT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients diagnosed with CPVT before 19 years of age. Genetic analysis, history of neuropsychiatric manifestations, changes in ventricular arrhythmia burden before and after treatment, occurrence of cardiac events, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: RYR2 variants were identified in 17 patients, and 14 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were identified in 10 patients (43.5%). The 5-year cardiac event-free survival rate was 31.2%, and the 10-year OS rate was 73.1%. Patients diagnosed since 2009 had a higher cardiac event-free survival rate than those diagnosed before 2009 (p=0.0028).Combined beta-blocker and flecainide therapy demonstrated a lower risk of cardiac events than beta-blocker monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.38;p=0.002). Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) reduced the ventricular arrhythmia burden in Holter monitoring. Occurrence of near-fatal cardiac events after diagnosis was an independent predictor of death (HR, 33.40; 95% CI, 6.23–179.95; p<0.001). Conclusions Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in children with CPVT. Flecainide and/or LCSD, when added to beta-blocker therapy, reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden and cardiac events, thereby improving treatment outcomes in recent years.

Background and Objectives: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a life-threatening inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Recently, RYR2, the major CPVTcausative gene, was associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aimed to analyze the clinical presentations, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and treatment outcomes of children with CPVT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients diagnosed with CPVT before 19 years of age. Genetic analysis, history of neuropsychiatric manifestations, changes in ventricular arrhythmia burden before and after treatment, occurrence of cardiac events, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: RYR2 variants were identified in 17 patients, and 14 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were identified in 10 patients (43.5%). The 5-year cardiac event-free survival rate was 31.2%, and the 10-year OS rate was 73.1%. Patients diagnosed since 2009 had a higher cardiac event-free survival rate than those diagnosed before 2009 (p=0.0028).Combined beta-blocker and flecainide therapy demonstrated a lower risk of cardiac events than beta-blocker monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.38;p=0.002). Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) reduced the ventricular arrhythmia burden in Holter monitoring. Occurrence of near-fatal cardiac events after diagnosis was an independent predictor of death (HR, 33.40; 95% CI, 6.23–179.95; p<0.001). Conclusions Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in children with CPVT. Flecainide and/or LCSD, when added to beta-blocker therapy, reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden and cardiac events, thereby improving treatment outcomes in recent years.

Purpose: To analyze the overall knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine recommendations for pregnant women and factors affecting these opinions in Korea. Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey study of obstetricians and gynecologists registered in the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The knowledge, attitude, and factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women were investigated. Results: Among 258 participants, 182 (70.5%) answered that they recommended COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women, while 76 (29.5%) answered that they did not. The administrative district of the physician's healthcare center and knowledge regarding adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine were factors affecting opinions on vaccine recommendation. Physicians working in metropolitan cities were 7.3 times more likely to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to pregnant women than those working in Seoul. Physicians aware of the COVID-19 vaccine safety profiles in pregnant women were 25.36 times more likely to recommend vaccines than those who were not. A significantly higher proportion of the recommended group provided vaccine information to pregnant women compared to the nonrecommended group and also recommended booster shot vaccination. Guidelines from academic societies (70.9%) and from government and public centers (64.8%) were important factors in the recommendation group, while additional study results (57.1%) were important factors in the nonrecommendation group. This information will be useful for future reference regarding vaccine recommendations. Conclusion Providing guidelines and recent data regarding COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant populations to healthcare providers will promote obstetricians and gynecologists to recommend vaccination to pregnant patients and will thereby contribute to achieving herd immunity in Korea.

Purpose: Extravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materials might occur when the intravascular solution leaks into the surrounding tissues. Injury associated with extravasation depends on various factors. It may range from mild skin reaction to severe necrosis. However, the incidence rate for extravasation is largely unknown because of the limited reporting in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the incidence of extravasation and nurses’ attitude and knowledge of extravasation for providing high-quality nursing care. Methods: Three acute care hospitals were surveyed to estimate the occurrence of extravasation. Knowledge and attitude toward extravasation were investigated from 793 nurses working in six hospitals. Results: The incidence rate of extravasation was 0.5%. Extravasation commonly occurred in elderly patients aged 66 or older (59.9%) and internal medicine (48.2%), and it happened 13.73±20.68 days after hospitalization on average.It mostly occurred in the forearm site (52.9%) and was mainly caused by parenteral nutrition (33.6%). The mean scores of nurses’ knowledge and attitude were 14.63±2.86 and 28.91±36.00, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the subjects' knowledge and attitude (r=-.11, p=.002). Conclusion It is necessary to have a reporting system that can accurately monitor the occurrence of extravasation for patient safety management. In addition, it is necessary to develop a protocol that can be applied to clinical practice and a nurse education program.

Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis causes swine paratyphoid, with clinical findings of enterocolitis and septicemia. However, the clinicopathological features of S. Choleraesuis infections in pigs have not been reported in Korea. We describe the pathological findings of two weaned pigs with S. Choleraesuis infections, presenting with diarrhea, cough, and sudden death. Pathological examination indicated severe necrotic colitis in pig 1 and septicemic lesions in pig 2. Multidrug-resistant S. Choleraesuis was isolated from the pigs’ lungs and intestinal contents. Further research is required for the surveillance of S. Choleraesuis infections in pigs and the virulence estimation in the S. Choleraesuis isolates.