Advancements in diagnostic technology have led to the improved detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and thus to an increase in the number of reported cases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology, including in combination with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, aids in distinguishing PNETs from other tumors, while EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy has improved the histological diagnosis and grading of tumors. The recent introduction of EUS-guided ablation using ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation has offered an alternative to surgery in the management of PNETs. Comparisons with surgery have shown similar outcomes but fewer adverse effects. Although standardized protocols and prospective studies with long-term follow-up are still needed, EUS-based methods are promising approaches that can contribute to a better quality of life for PNET patients.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms.This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals. UTI and ASB were diagnosed through a comprehensive review of medical records. We evaluated the differences in urine leukocyte counts between patients with UTI and ASB. The diagnostic performance of urine leukocytes to differentiate between UTI and ASB was evaluated. To investigate the clinical outcomes based on the degree of pyuria, we classified patients with upper UTI according to their urine leukocyte counts. Results: Of the 1,793 eligible patients with bacteriuria included, 1,464 had UTI and 329 had ASB. Patients with UTI had higher urinary leukocytes than patients with ASB did (490.4 vs.123.5 cells/µL; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702 for discriminating between ASB and UTI. The optimal urine leukocyte cutoff was 195.35 cells/µL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. A sequential rise in secondary bacteremia rate was observed according to an increase in urine leukocytes in patients with upper UTI, whereas in-hospital mortality showed no corresponding trend. Conclusion Urine leukocyte counts could be used to predict UTI occurrence and bacteremia secondary to UTI. Higher degrees of pyuria were associated with bacteremia but not with mortality. Urine leukocyte counts can provide additive information for patients with bacteriuria with vague symptoms.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms.This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals. UTI and ASB were diagnosed through a comprehensive review of medical records. We evaluated the differences in urine leukocyte counts between patients with UTI and ASB. The diagnostic performance of urine leukocytes to differentiate between UTI and ASB was evaluated. To investigate the clinical outcomes based on the degree of pyuria, we classified patients with upper UTI according to their urine leukocyte counts. Results: Of the 1,793 eligible patients with bacteriuria included, 1,464 had UTI and 329 had ASB. Patients with UTI had higher urinary leukocytes than patients with ASB did (490.4 vs.123.5 cells/µL; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702 for discriminating between ASB and UTI. The optimal urine leukocyte cutoff was 195.35 cells/µL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. A sequential rise in secondary bacteremia rate was observed according to an increase in urine leukocytes in patients with upper UTI, whereas in-hospital mortality showed no corresponding trend. Conclusion Urine leukocyte counts could be used to predict UTI occurrence and bacteremia secondary to UTI. Higher degrees of pyuria were associated with bacteremia but not with mortality. Urine leukocyte counts can provide additive information for patients with bacteriuria with vague symptoms.

Advancements in diagnostic technology have led to the improved detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and thus to an increase in the number of reported cases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology, including in combination with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, aids in distinguishing PNETs from other tumors, while EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy has improved the histological diagnosis and grading of tumors. The recent introduction of EUS-guided ablation using ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation has offered an alternative to surgery in the management of PNETs. Comparisons with surgery have shown similar outcomes but fewer adverse effects. Although standardized protocols and prospective studies with long-term follow-up are still needed, EUS-based methods are promising approaches that can contribute to a better quality of life for PNET patients.

Advancements in diagnostic technology have led to the improved detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and thus to an increase in the number of reported cases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology, including in combination with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, aids in distinguishing PNETs from other tumors, while EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy has improved the histological diagnosis and grading of tumors. The recent introduction of EUS-guided ablation using ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation has offered an alternative to surgery in the management of PNETs. Comparisons with surgery have shown similar outcomes but fewer adverse effects. Although standardized protocols and prospective studies with long-term follow-up are still needed, EUS-based methods are promising approaches that can contribute to a better quality of life for PNET patients.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms.This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals. UTI and ASB were diagnosed through a comprehensive review of medical records. We evaluated the differences in urine leukocyte counts between patients with UTI and ASB. The diagnostic performance of urine leukocytes to differentiate between UTI and ASB was evaluated. To investigate the clinical outcomes based on the degree of pyuria, we classified patients with upper UTI according to their urine leukocyte counts. Results: Of the 1,793 eligible patients with bacteriuria included, 1,464 had UTI and 329 had ASB. Patients with UTI had higher urinary leukocytes than patients with ASB did (490.4 vs.123.5 cells/µL; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702 for discriminating between ASB and UTI. The optimal urine leukocyte cutoff was 195.35 cells/µL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. A sequential rise in secondary bacteremia rate was observed according to an increase in urine leukocytes in patients with upper UTI, whereas in-hospital mortality showed no corresponding trend. Conclusion Urine leukocyte counts could be used to predict UTI occurrence and bacteremia secondary to UTI. Higher degrees of pyuria were associated with bacteremia but not with mortality. Urine leukocyte counts can provide additive information for patients with bacteriuria with vague symptoms.

Advancements in diagnostic technology have led to the improved detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and thus to an increase in the number of reported cases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology, including in combination with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, aids in distinguishing PNETs from other tumors, while EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy has improved the histological diagnosis and grading of tumors. The recent introduction of EUS-guided ablation using ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation has offered an alternative to surgery in the management of PNETs. Comparisons with surgery have shown similar outcomes but fewer adverse effects. Although standardized protocols and prospective studies with long-term follow-up are still needed, EUS-based methods are promising approaches that can contribute to a better quality of life for PNET patients.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms.This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals. UTI and ASB were diagnosed through a comprehensive review of medical records. We evaluated the differences in urine leukocyte counts between patients with UTI and ASB. The diagnostic performance of urine leukocytes to differentiate between UTI and ASB was evaluated. To investigate the clinical outcomes based on the degree of pyuria, we classified patients with upper UTI according to their urine leukocyte counts. Results: Of the 1,793 eligible patients with bacteriuria included, 1,464 had UTI and 329 had ASB. Patients with UTI had higher urinary leukocytes than patients with ASB did (490.4 vs.123.5 cells/µL; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702 for discriminating between ASB and UTI. The optimal urine leukocyte cutoff was 195.35 cells/µL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. A sequential rise in secondary bacteremia rate was observed according to an increase in urine leukocytes in patients with upper UTI, whereas in-hospital mortality showed no corresponding trend. Conclusion Urine leukocyte counts could be used to predict UTI occurrence and bacteremia secondary to UTI. Higher degrees of pyuria were associated with bacteremia but not with mortality. Urine leukocyte counts can provide additive information for patients with bacteriuria with vague symptoms.

Advancements in diagnostic technology have led to the improved detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and thus to an increase in the number of reported cases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology, including in combination with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, aids in distinguishing PNETs from other tumors, while EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or biopsy has improved the histological diagnosis and grading of tumors. The recent introduction of EUS-guided ablation using ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation has offered an alternative to surgery in the management of PNETs. Comparisons with surgery have shown similar outcomes but fewer adverse effects. Although standardized protocols and prospective studies with long-term follow-up are still needed, EUS-based methods are promising approaches that can contribute to a better quality of life for PNET patients.

Objectives: Presenteeism is known to be a much more economically damaging social cost than disease rest while going to work despite physical pain. Since COVID-19, social discussions on the sickness benefit have been taking place as a countermeasure against presenteeism, and in particular, farmers and fishermen do not have an institutional mechanism for livelihood support when a disease other than work occurs. This study attempted to examine the relationship between agricultural, fishing, and forestry workers and presenteeism using the 6th Korean Work Conditions Survey. Methods: From October 2020 to January 2021, data from the 6th working conditions survey conducted on 17 cities and provinces in Korea were used, and a total of 34,981 people were studied. Control variables were gender, age, self-health assessment, education level, night work, shift work, monthly income, occupation, working hours per week, and employment status. Results: As a result of the analysis, farmers and fishermen showed the characteristics of the self-employed and the elderly, and as a result of the regression analysis, when farmers and fishermen analyzed the relationship with presenteeism tendency compared to other industry workers, farmers and fishermen increased by 23% compared to other industry groups. Conclusion This study is significant in that it has representation by utilizing the 6th working conditions survey and objectively suggests the need for a sickness benefit for farmers and fishermen who may be overlooked in the sickness benefit.