Objective:To evaluate lung ultrasound (LUS) for assessing lung aeration heterogeneity in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) across gestational ages and analyze its correlation with oxygenation.Methods:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 125 ventilated NRDS neonates from the neonatal intensive care unit of Hebei Children's Hospital (from March 2023 to May 2024), who were stratified as <32 gestational weeks ( n=47) and ≥32 gestational weeks ( n=78). All underwent LUS, chest X-ray, and blood gas analysis within 2 h of admission. The lung ultrasound score (LUSsc) quantified impaired lung volume percentage (graded: A=normal, B=coalescent B-lines, C=dense B-lines/focal consolidation, D=lobar consolidation). Aeration heterogeneity was measured by coefficient of variation (CV, within-patient) and Gini-Simpson index (between-patients), while oxygenation was assessed by arterial oxygen partial pressure/inhaled oxygen concentration (P/F). Group comparisons, including basic information, lung aeration, and lung aeration heterogeneity, used two independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi square tests, or Wilcoxon tests; partial correlation analyzed aeration-oxygenation relationships. Results:(1) Analysis of impaired lung volume percentage revealed similar distribution patterns between groups, with the <32-week cohort ( n=47, 564 lung segments) showing proportions of 15.6% (88/564), 14.9% (84/564), 35.5% (200/564), and 34.0% (192/564) for graded patterns A through D, respectively, while the ≥32-week cohort ( n=78, 936 segments) demonstrated corresponding proportions of 15.7% (147/936), 16.3% (153/936), 31.7% (297/936), and 36.2% (339/936), with no statistically significant difference between groups ( Z=－0.24, P=0.812). (2) Within-patient heterogeneity analysis revealed no significant CV difference between <32-week group and ≥32-week group [0.33 (0.20-0.84) vs. 0.43 (0.21-0.73), Z=－0.99, P=0.321]. (3) Between-patient heterogeneity was significantly higher in the ≥32-week group, as reflected by the Gini-Simpson index [0.12 (0.09-0.14) vs. 0.09 (0.06-0.14), Z=－1.99, P=0.046], with heterogeneous aeration predominantly located in non-gravity-dependent regions—specifically the left upper lung in the <32-week group and anterior lungs in the ≥32-week group. (4) Correlation analyses demonstrated significantly inverse relationships between CV and LUSsc in <32-week and ≥32-week groups ( r=－0.912, P<0.001; r=－0.886, P<0.001), while the ≥32-week group additionally showed positive CV-P/F correlation ( r=0.373, P=0.001) and inverse LUSsc-P/F association ( r=－0.287, P=0.013). Conclusions:LUS effectively evaluates aeration and its heterogeneity in early NRDS. Infants ≥32 weeks exhibit greater between-patient heterogeneity, with ventilation parameters correlating significantly with oxygenation status.

Objective:To evaluate lung ultrasound (LUS) for assessing lung aeration heterogeneity in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) across gestational ages and analyze its correlation with oxygenation.Methods:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 125 ventilated NRDS neonates from the neonatal intensive care unit of Hebei Children's Hospital (from March 2023 to May 2024), who were stratified as <32 gestational weeks ( n=47) and ≥32 gestational weeks ( n=78). All underwent LUS, chest X-ray, and blood gas analysis within 2 h of admission. The lung ultrasound score (LUSsc) quantified impaired lung volume percentage (graded: A=normal, B=coalescent B-lines, C=dense B-lines/focal consolidation, D=lobar consolidation). Aeration heterogeneity was measured by coefficient of variation (CV, within-patient) and Gini-Simpson index (between-patients), while oxygenation was assessed by arterial oxygen partial pressure/inhaled oxygen concentration (P/F). Group comparisons, including basic information, lung aeration, and lung aeration heterogeneity, used two independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi square tests, or Wilcoxon tests; partial correlation analyzed aeration-oxygenation relationships. Results:(1) Analysis of impaired lung volume percentage revealed similar distribution patterns between groups, with the <32-week cohort ( n=47, 564 lung segments) showing proportions of 15.6% (88/564), 14.9% (84/564), 35.5% (200/564), and 34.0% (192/564) for graded patterns A through D, respectively, while the ≥32-week cohort ( n=78, 936 segments) demonstrated corresponding proportions of 15.7% (147/936), 16.3% (153/936), 31.7% (297/936), and 36.2% (339/936), with no statistically significant difference between groups ( Z=－0.24, P=0.812). (2) Within-patient heterogeneity analysis revealed no significant CV difference between <32-week group and ≥32-week group [0.33 (0.20-0.84) vs. 0.43 (0.21-0.73), Z=－0.99, P=0.321]. (3) Between-patient heterogeneity was significantly higher in the ≥32-week group, as reflected by the Gini-Simpson index [0.12 (0.09-0.14) vs. 0.09 (0.06-0.14), Z=－1.99, P=0.046], with heterogeneous aeration predominantly located in non-gravity-dependent regions—specifically the left upper lung in the <32-week group and anterior lungs in the ≥32-week group. (4) Correlation analyses demonstrated significantly inverse relationships between CV and LUSsc in <32-week and ≥32-week groups ( r=－0.912, P<0.001; r=－0.886, P<0.001), while the ≥32-week group additionally showed positive CV-P/F correlation ( r=0.373, P=0.001) and inverse LUSsc-P/F association ( r=－0.287, P=0.013). Conclusions:LUS effectively evaluates aeration and its heterogeneity in early NRDS. Infants ≥32 weeks exhibit greater between-patient heterogeneity, with ventilation parameters correlating significantly with oxygenation status.

Objective To clarify the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern and its associated risk factors after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and evaluate the re-porting quality of existing studies to guide future research standardization. Methods English databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,as well as Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Scientific Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were searched to retrieve papers about PCI.The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to October 1,2023.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12 and Python(V 3.9).The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)statement was used to assess the reporting quality of included studies. Results Overall,1 356 articles were selected,and 40 cross-sectional studies were included with 10 270 participants.The most common TCM patterns before,one to two weeks after,and six months to one year after PCI was Qi stagnation and blood stasis(n=261,36.45%),inter-twined phlegm and blood stasis(n=109,27.18%),and Qi deficiency and blood stasis(n=645,37.03%),respectively.Smoking[odds ratio(OR)=1.15,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.83-1.47),I2=24.7%,P=0.257],pattern of congealing cold and Qi stagnation[OR=4.62,95%CI(1.37-7.86),I2=61.6%,P=0.074],and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)[OR=1.38,95%CI(0.92-1.85),I2=12.2%,P=0.286]were risk factors for restenosis.Hypertension[OR=7.26,95%CI(3.54-14.88),I2=91.6%,P=0.001],and overweight[i.e.,body mass index(BMI)>23][OR=1.20,95%CI(1.07-1.35),I2=85.3%,P=0.009]were significant risk factors of concomi-tant anxiety. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that patients with different TCM pattern types have distinct characteristics and risk factors after PCI.More high-quality studies are warranted to provide supportive evidence for future research and clinical practice.

Objective To explore the characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes based on latent structure model.Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was used to collect the four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease by using the Four Diagnostic Collection Scales of TCM developed by our research group,and a clinical database was established.Combined with frequency analysis and expert opinions,the four diagnostic information was screened to construct a latent structure model.Results Totally 702 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were collected.A total of 40 high-frequency four-diagnosis symptoms were screened,and 18 latent variables were obtained by latent structure model analysis.The model BIC score was-17 604.38.The latent variables in the model were comprehensively clustered,and it was found that the syndrome elements of disease location in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were mainly heart,liver,kidney,etc.,and the syndrome elements of disease nature were mainly qi deficiency,yin deficiency,qi stagnation,phlegm turbidity,blood stasis,etc.The syndrome types were mainly phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome,liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome,damp-heat intrinsic syndrome,and the mutual information and information coverage between each syndrome type and the four diagnostic information were suggested.Conclusion Latent structure model analysis can provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the syndrome classification of patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes.

Objective:To analyze TCM tongue diagnosis related research on coronary heart disease (CHD) at home and abroad using the method of bibliometrics; To provide reference for further research on clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD.Methods:Research literature about TCM tongue diagnosis for CHD was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to December 31st, 2022. The key features of literature related to tongue diagnosis from CHD, including publication volume, region, institution, authors, and research hotspots, were analyzed using BICOMBS2.0, CiteSpace 6.1.R6, and Excel 2019 software.Results:Totally 364 Chinese articles and 5 English articles were included. Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in Chinese, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in English. Professor Wang Yiqin of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the author with the largest number of publications in both Chinese and English, and the authors with the largest number of publications on Chinese research worked closely cooperate with each other. Chinese research focused on syndrome characteristics of CHD, objectification of tongue diagnosis and data mining based on the clinical experience of renowned TCM practitioners; the English research topic included modern data collection and analysis and expert consensus.Conclusions:The research team of tongue diagnosis for CHD in China has begun to take shape. There are few English articles on tongue diagnosis for CHD, and the development level is relatively lagging behind. In the future, different institutions and researchers need to strengthen international cooperation to enhance the international influence of TCM diagnostics.

Objective To collect information from the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and to observe the characteristics of their Chinese medicine syndrome factor at different ages,to provide an objective basis for the Chinese medicine treatment of patients with CHD at different ages.Methods The TCM Four Diagnostic Information Collection Scale for CHD developed by the group was used to collect the four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease,and the syndrome elements were extracted according to the syndrome differentiation standard to observe the distribution of syndrome elements at different ages.Results CHD is located in the heart and accompanied by liver,kidney,stomach,lung and other organs.Qi deficiency is the most common syndrome factor,followed by phlegm turbidity,yin deficiency,blood stasis and qi stagnation.Among the syndrome elements of disease location,the heart and liver were the most common in the young group,and the heart and kidney were more common in the middle-aged group and the elderly group.Among the syndrome elements of disease nature,qi deficiency was more common in the young group,phlegm turbidity and qi stagnation were more common in the empirical group,and qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity were the most frequent.In the middle-aged group,qi deficiency was more common in deficiency syndrome,phlegm turbidity and blood stasis were more common in excess syndrome,and the frequency of qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis was the highest.In the elderly group,qi deficiency and yin deficiency were more common in deficiency syndrome,phlegm turbidity and blood stasis were more common in excess syndrome,and qi and yin deficiency combined with phlegm turbidity and blood stasis had the highest frequency.Conclusion The combination of syndrome elements in patients with CHD in different age groups has its own characteristics.The young,middle and elderly groups are all visible in the mixture of deficiency and excess,while the young group is the most common with qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity,the middle-aged group is the most common with qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis,and the elderly group is the most common with qi and yin deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis.With the increase of age,the complexity of the combination of syndrome elements is higher.

Objective:To observe the effect of Naringin on neuronal apoptosis in mice with memory consolidation disorderinduced by sodium nitrite.Methods:Fifty mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, standardized protocol group, high-dose Naringin group and low-dose Naringin group, with 10 mice in each group. The standardized protocol group was given Donepezil 1 mg/kg, the Naringin high and low dose groups were gavaged with Naringin solution 100 and 50 mg/(kg·d), blank group and model group were gavaged with equal volume of distilled water once a day for 21 days. The model was established on the 22nd day. The blank group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, and the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/(kg·d) sodium nitrite solution for 7 days. The cognitive ability of mice in each group was evaluated by platform jumping test, and the hippocampal synaptic structure was observed by electron microscope. The contents of acetylcholine (ACh), SOD, MDA and NO in hippocampus and the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was detected by ELISA. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), glutamine receptor 2 (GluR), calcium/calmodulin dependent protease Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ), Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bad proteins in hippocampus of model mice were detected by Western blot.Results:The number and morphology of hippocampal neurons were normal, nucleus, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic membrane of hippocampal neurons in high-dose Naringin group were clear. Compared with the model group, the latency of mice in the high-dose Naringin group was prolonged and the number of errors was reduced ( P<0.01). The levels of MDA and NO in hippocampus of mice in the high-dose Naringin group significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the activity of SOD significantly increased ( P<0.01). The content of ACh (23.682 ± 2.835 μg/mg prot vs. 14.939 ± 2.901 μg/mg prot), ChAT (163.302 ± 21.278 U/g vs. 89.612 ± 11.497 U/g) increased, AChE (0.367 ± 0.015 U/mg prot vs. 0.471 ± 0.014 U/mg prot) activity decreased ( P<0.01); The expression of Bad (0.441 ± 0.010 vs. 0.633 ± 0.010), Caspase-3 (0.425 ± 0.036 vs. 0.537 ± 0.024) significantly decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 (0.890 ± 0.014 vs. 0.727 ± 0.009) significantly increased ( P<0.01); The expression of CAMKⅡ (1.043 ± 0.037 vs. 1.475 ± 0.043) significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the expression of NMDAR1 (0.407 ± 0.037 vs. 0.345 ± 0.012), GluR2 (1.125 ± 0.033 vs. 0.664 ± 0.023) significantly increased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Naringin could play the role of protecing the neuron and improving the cognition of mice with memory consolidation disorder by regulating the balance of ACh and glutamate system and reducing neuronal apoptosis and antioxidant stress.