Objective To explore the independent risk factors for complicated coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to construct a risk prediction model. Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 308 OSAHS patients who visited Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2025. The patients were divided into the CHD group (n=80) and non-CHD group (n=228) according to the presence or absence of complicated CHD. Independent risk factors were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The model was evaluated using the calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The incidence of CHD in OSAHS patients was 25.97%. Age, history of hypertension, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), severe polysomnography (PSG) grade, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated homocysteine, and elevated troponin I were independent risk factors for OSAHS complicated with CHD (P<0.05). The nomogram model demonstrated good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.995), and the DCA curve showed high clinical net benefit. The area under the ROC curve was 0.940 (95% CI: 0.908~0.972), with a sensitivity of 0.842 and a specificity of 0.900. Conclusion Age, history of hypertension, ODI, PSG grade, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, homocysteine, and troponin I are independent risk factors for CHD in OSAHS patients. The prediction model constructed based on these factors can provide a reliable tool for clinical nurses to early identify high-risk individuals and formulate targeted intervention strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a dual-functional cationic nucleic acid nano delivery system （DCNA） loaded with small interfering RNA targeting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase （siBTK） on the immune-inflammatory microenvironment of periodontitis by regulating BTK expression. MethodsDCNA_siBTK was prepared using a double-emulsion solvent evaporation method， and its physicochemical properties and sustained-release performance were characterized. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens was assessed by colony-forming assays. BTK mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） and Western blot， respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to quantify the levels of inflammatory cytokines， including IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α. A murine periodontitis model was established and treated with DCNA_siBTK. Therapeutic efficacy and biosafety were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR）， micro-computed tomography （micro-CT）， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsStable DCNA_siBTK nanoparticles with an average particle size of （168.8±2.2） nm and a zeta potential of （17.9±0.8） mV were successfully prepared. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） revealed uniformly spherical morphology with favorable sustained-release properties. CCK-8 assays demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity of DCNA_siBTK within the concentration range of 0-100 nmol/L. In vitro studies showed that DCNA_siBTK effectively inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis （Pg）， Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans （Aa）， and Fusobacterium nucleatum （Fn）， indicating broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that DCNA_siBTK downregulated BTK mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. ELISA results showed that DCNA_siBTK significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α， thereby attenuating inflammatory responses. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that DCNA_siBTK suppressed anaerobic bacterial proliferation within periodontal pockets， alleviated alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation， and caused no obvious pathological damage in major organs， including heart， liver， spleen， lungs， and kidneys. ConclusionDCNA_siBTK efficiently encapsulated and released siBTK， and exhibited dual activities including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. By suppressing BTK expression， DCNA_siBTK effectively attenuated the progression of periodontitis， providing a promising novel strategy for adjunctive periodontal therapy.

BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease.Many studies have shown that wogonin has a good anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis,but its exact efficacy and specific mechanism of action remain to be clarified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of wogonin ameliorating joint inflammation by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS:(1)At the animal level:Female Wistar rats were divided into healthy control group,arthritis model group and wogonin treatment group.Rat models of arthritis in the latter two groups were established by subcutaneous injection of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and adjuvant.In the wogonin group,wogonin was given by gavage for 28 consecutive days after modeling.During this period,the rats in each group were weighed,and arthritis score and ankle swelling were measured every 7 days.After the experiment,the pathological changes of the joint were observed,the mRNA and protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway GRP78 and CHOP were detected by qRT-PCR,western blot,and immunohistochemistry.(2)At the cellular level,cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the cytotoxic effect of wogonin on fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rats with collagen-induced arthritis.The fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced by thapsigargin were treated with different concentrations of wogonin.The levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the cell supernatant were detected by ELISA,and the intracellular reactive oxygen species in each group were determined by DCFH-DA probe method.The mRNA and protein levels of GRP78,IRE1α,XBP1s and CHOP were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the healthy control group,arthritis index score and ankle swelling degree in the arthritis model group were increased(P<0.01),synovial hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,cartilage destruction and bone erosion were observed in pathological sections,and the mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78 and CHOP in the ankle were significantly increased(P<0.01),which were mainly located in synovial tissue and articular surface.Compared with the arthritis model group,the arthritis index score and ankle swelling degree in the wogonin treatment group were decreased(P<0.05),synovial hyperplasia and the number of inflammatory cells were decreased,cartilage destruction and bone erosion were alleviated,the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP in the ankle were decreased(P<0.05),particularly in synovial tissue and on the articular surface.There was no significant difference in body mass among the three groups(P>0.05).In the cell experiment,200 μmol/L wogonin significantly reduced the survival rate of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the levels of interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,content of reactive oxygen species,and mRNA and protein expression of GRP78,IRE1α,XBP1s,and CHOP in the thapsigargin group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the thapsigargin group,50 and 100 μmol/L wogonin significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the cell supernatant(P<0.05,P<0.01),and 100 μmol/L wogonin significantly reduced the content of reactive oxygen species(P<0.01)and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1α,XBP1s and CHOP(all P<0.05).These results suggest that wogonin can effectively alleviate joint inflammatory responses in rats with collagen-induced arthritis,and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway may be the key target of its intervention.

Objective To observe the value of singular value decomposition(SVD)combined with block-matching and three-dimensional(BM3D)filtering for improving imaging quality of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods Three subject who would undergo liver,kidney and ovarian CEUS examination respectively were prospectively enrolled,and 250 images unaffected by respiratory movements were acquired in each one.SVD filtering was performed alone and combined with BM3D filtering,and contrast-to-tissue ratio(CTR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the obtained CEUS images were calculated and compared.Results Compared with original CEUS images,CTR,CNR and SNR of SVD alone filtered CEUS images improved,which all further improved after combining with BM3D filtering.Conclusion SVD combined with BM3D filtering could significantly suppress the background tissue signals and remove noise,improving imaging quality of CEUS.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Chaizhu Tiaoshen Dingxuan Fang in the treatment of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency in vestibular migraine(VM).Methods A total of 72 VM patients admitted to Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences from January to October 2024 were selected and divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table method,with 36 cases in each group.Patients in control group were treated with flunarizine hydrochloride capsules,while patients in treatment group were treated with Chaizhu Tiaoshen Dingxuan Fang.Both groups of patients were treated continuously for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effect scores of TCM syndromes,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of vertigo,dizziness handicap inventory(DHI)scores and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)scores of two groups of patients were compared.Results After treatment,the therapeutic effect scores of TCM syndromes in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group(P＜0.05),and the therapeutic effect scores of TCM syndromes in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,VAS score of vertigo,HADS scores,DHI scores of each dimension and the total score in treatment group were significantly lower than those in before treatment and control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chaizhu Tiaoshen Dingxuan Fang can effectively relieve the dizziness symptoms of patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency in VM,and reduce their anxiety and depression.

Objective:To analyze the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and early stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods:From September 2019 to December 2023, 12 patients with DCIS (all females; age 36-67 years) and 34 patients with early stage IDC (all females; age 36-73 years) in Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The general clinical information, MRI features, and 18F-FDG PET/CT features of patients were analyzed. χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. The independent predictors of DCIS were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The value of different indicators in diagnosing DCIS was analyzed using ROC curves analysis, and Delong test was used to assess the differences among AUCs. Results:The differences in tumor metabolic volume (MTV; 18.55(10.90, 76.30) vs 4.00(2.00, 11.45)cm 3) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG; 44.85(25.30, 125.30) vs 9.40(6.68, 22.35)g) of breast lesion, enhancement pattern (non-mass enhancement (NME); 8/12 vs 29.4%(10/34)), lobulation sign (0/12 vs 58.8%(20/34)), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; 1.33 (1.16, 1.63)×10 -3vs 1.08 (0.75, 1.28)×10 -3mm 2/s) between DCIS and early stage IDC groups were statistically significant ( Z values: from -3.91 to -2.56, χ2=5.17, all P<0.05). When differentiating DCIS from early stage IDC, NME (odds ratio ( OR)=36.50, 95% CI: 2.15-618.52, P=0.013), ADC ( OR=7.85, 95% CI: 1.11-55.46, P=0.044), and TLG ( OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P=0.007) were independent predictors. The AUC of the three predictors combination was 0.941, which was higher than those of single predictors ( Z values: 2.00-2.80, P values: 0.005-0.046). Conclusion:The combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI improves the efficacy of differential diagnosis between DCIS and early stage IDC, thereby providing a basis for developing personalized treatment plans for patients.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Coicis Semen in treating non -small cell lung cancer combined with network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment.Methods:The components and potential targets of Coicis Semen were obtained from TCMSP, and NSCLC related targets were collected from Genecards and Drugbank. They were intersected to get common targets. An intersection target PPI network was constructed using STRING database. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. A "disease-drug component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0. The CCK-8 method was used to screen the concentration of Coicis Semen, and the cells were randomly divided into control group, Coicis Semen low-concentration group (0.125 mg/ml), Coicis Semen high-concentration group (0.25 mg/ml), Coicis Semen low concentration+FoxO1 inhibitor group, and FoxO1 inhibitor group (50 μmol/L) using a random number table. Cell proliferation ability was determined using CCK-8 method, and cell migration and invasion ability were detected using cell scratch assay and Transwell cell invasion assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FoxO1, cofilin-1, and p-cofilin-1 proteins.Results:A total of 9 active components and 246 targets were screened from Coicis Semen, 1 074 targets related to non-small cell lung cancer, and 11 intersecting targets were identified. The key targets of Coicis Semen in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer were MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK14, CDK2, INSR, AR, FGFR2, PGR, DHFR, and PLAU; GO functional enrichment analysis showed that Coicis Semen had an impact on the cellular, molecular, and biological functions of A549 cells; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways of Coicis Semen in treating non-small cell lung cancer mainly focus on FoxO pathway, MAPK pathway, prostate cancer pathway, Ras pathway, etc. Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate, migration rate, and invasion number of A549 cells in the low and high concentration groups of Coicis Semen decreased ( P<0.05), p-cofilin-1 expression decreased ( P<0.05), and FoxO1 expression increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Coicis Semen can treat non-small cell lung cancer by regulating MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14 targets, and acting on pathways such as the FoxO and MAPK pathways.

Osteoarthritis(OA),a common age-related chronic disease,is characterized by degenerative changes in the joints and surrounding tissues.Traditionally,research on OA has primarily focused on the pathological changes in articular cartilage and its repair.However,with the advancements in animal disease modeling in recent years,especially the widespread use of spatiotemporally specific transgenic mouse models,scholars have gradually come to realize that the subchondral bone also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OA.That is,the pathological changes in articular cartilage and bone mutually affect and promote each other,jointly driving the progression of OA,involving such pathological processes as vascular invasion,ectopic calcification,nerve growth,and the occurrence of pain.Given the complexity of cartilage-bone pathological relationship,it is difficult to conduct in-depth research on subchondral bone pathology using clinical human samples,or to simulate the pathological processes of OA through in vitro cell experiments.Therefore,animal models play an irreplaceable role in investigating the pathological mechanisms of OA and developing clinical drugs.This review,in addition to providing an overview of OA animal models,synthesizes the latest progress in animal experimental research on OA,highlighting the active role of the cartilage-bone pathological relationship in OA progression.These new findings provide references for future in-depth investigations and also provide a theoretical basis for developing fundamental strategies for OA prevention and treatment.

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular calcification,two major age-related chronic diseases that China is confronting today,pose serious threats to public health.Previous studies have reported overlapping connections in the pathological processes and molecular mechanisms of these two diseases,particularly concerning inflammation,oxidative stress,and dysregulation of mineral metabolism,and that these two diseases tend to share common pathogenic factors.However,research exploring the comorbidity mechanisms of the two diseases remains limited in both depth and scope,largely due to the lack of widely accepted comorbidity animal models.Herein,we analyzed the latest research findings on the comorbidity mechanisms of vascular calcification and osteoporosis,focusing on summarizing the animal disease models currently in extensive use and the relevant evaluation criteria.We aim to provide new references for comorbidity research models and offer scientific evidence for future studies on pathological mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the correlations of CALLY index in early pregnancy with the onset and severity of preeclampsia.Methods A total of 987 pregnant women were prospectively en-rolled as study subjects,with 42 lost during follow-up,resulting in a final inclusion of 945 subjects.Based on the occurrence and severity of preeclampsia during follow-up,the pregnant women were di-vided into preeclampsia group(n=47),severe preeclampsia group(n=49),and normal group(n=849).General information and laboratory test results were collected from all pregnant women,and the CALLY index was calculated.The Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation be-tween CALLY index and severity of preeclampsia(mean arterial pressure);the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to analyze the predictive efficacy of each indicator for pre-eclampsia;Cox regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the onset of preeclamp-sia.Results The mean arterial pressure and 24-hour urine protein levels were higher in the severe pre-eclampsia group than those in the preeclampsia group and normal group,and higher in the preeclampsia group than those in the normal group(P＜0.05).The CALLY index was lower in the severe preeclamp-sia group than in the preeclampsia group and normal group,and lower in the preeclampsia group than in the normal group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between CALLY index and mean arterial pressure(r=-0.571,P＜0.001).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of CALLY index for predicting preeclampsia was 0.941(95％CI,0.900 to 0.981).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that an increased CALLY index was an independent protective factor for the onset of preeclampsia(HR=0.185,95％CI,0.092 to 0.374,P＜0.001).Conclusion The CALLY index is negatively correlated with the severity of preeclampsia and is an independent influencing factor for the onset of preeclampsia,which can be used as an auxiliary indicator to assess the onset and severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women.