Objectives miR-207 has been identified as being expressed in natural killer (NK) cell exosomes that play a role in disease progression; however, to date, there are no studies specifically linking miR-207 to tuberculosis (TB). Methods Bioinformatics methods employed for prediction, followed by a dual luciferase reporter assay to determine whether lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) is targeted by miR-207. The experiments were divided into four groups using the liposome transfection method (OP-LAMP2 group: co-transfected with miR-207 mimics and LAMP2 overexpression plasmid; EP group: co-transfected with mimics NC and null-loaded plasmid; siLAMP2 group: transfected with siLAMP2; and siLAMP2-NC group: transfected with siLAMP2-NC). TB infection was modeled using H37Ra-infected Ana-1 cells. The impact of LAMP2 on intracellular mycobacterial load and clearance of extracellular residual mycobacteria were assessed by tuberculosis colony-forming unit counting. Flow cytometry was used to assess the total apoptosis rate. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was conducted to determine the relative expression of LAMP2, apoptosis genes, pyroptosis genes, and autophagy genes. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the relative expression of LAMP2 proteins, apoptosis proteins, pyroptosis proteins, and autophagy proteins. Results Dual luciferase reporter assay test showed that there was a targeting relationship between LAMP2 and miR-207. The transfection model was successfully constructed under real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot statistical analysis, and microscopic observation. The infection model was successfully established under microscopic observation. Colony forming unit counting revealed that the number of colonies in the OP-LAMP2 group was lower than that in the EP group, while the number of colonies in the siLAMP2 group was higher than that in the siLAMP2-NC group. Flow cytometry assay revealed that the total apoptosis in OP-LAMP2 group was lower than that in EP group, and the total apoptosis in siLAMP2 group was higher than that in siLAMP2-NC group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the relative expression of apoptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins and genes in the control group was lower in the OP-LAMP2 group compared to the EP group, and higher in the siLAMP2 group compared to the siLAMP2-NC group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detected that the relative expression of autophagy positively regulated genes Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and Beclin1 in the OP-LAMP2 group was higher in the OP-LAMP2 group compared to the EP group, and lower in the siLAMP2 group compared to the siLAMP2-NC group, while the relative expression of negatively regulated autophagy genes followed the opposite trend to that of autophagy positively regulated genes. The relative expression of autophagy-related proteins was consistent with the trend of autophagy genes. Conclusions miR-207 enhances macrophage apoptosis, cellular pyroptosis and inhibits autophagy, promoting survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the autophagy-related protein LAMP2, thus offering a novel therapeutic direction for tuberculosis.
Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology* ; Autophagy/genetics* ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Tuberculosis/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Pyroptosis/genetics*

Pulmonary diseases, as a prevalent category of respiratory system disorders, have become a significant global public health concern. The increasing incidence of these diseases, caused by environmental pollution and occupational hazards, poses a substantial threat to human health and the overall quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their remarkable immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-apoptotic capabilities. Exosomes derived from MSCs, carrying a diverse array of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other bio-active molecules, have demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential in treating pulmonary diseases, and have come to the forefront of medical research. This review summarized the therapeutic role of exosomes derived from various sources of mesenchymal stem cells in the context of pulmonary diseases, aiming to provide a robust foundation for their clinical application in diagnosis and treatment.
Exosomes/transplantation* ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Lung Diseases/therapy* ; Animals

This article comprehensively discusses the concept of workplace ostracism, measurement tools, theoretical basis, the current situation of workplace ostracism among nurses, and research on related variables. It proposes targeted strategies to address workplace ostracism among nurses, aiming to reduce the occurrence of workplace ostracism incidents among nurses. This is of great significance for constructing a harmonious work environment and promoting individual mental health.

This article comprehensively discusses the concept of workplace ostracism, measurement tools, theoretical basis, the current situation of workplace ostracism among nurses, and research on related variables. It proposes targeted strategies to address workplace ostracism among nurses, aiming to reduce the occurrence of workplace ostracism incidents among nurses. This is of great significance for constructing a harmonious work environment and promoting individual mental health.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic law of moxibustion in Professor Zhou Meisheng's medical manuscripts for epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) based on data mining and knowledge map technology.Methods:The manuscript data of Professor Zhou Meisheng's moxibustion treatment of EHFwere collected from Infectious Diseases Department of Dangshan County People's Hospital from December 16, 1985 to December 25, 1987. Graphpad Grism 8.0 software was used for descriptive analysis. PHP 5.4 program code was used for association rule analysis. SPSS Statistics 26.0 was used for clustering analysis. Neo4j Community 3.5.25 database was used to analyze the syndrome-weight graph.Results:205 prescriptions were included. There were 21 symptoms with frequency>40, in which the frequency of aversion to cold, fever, rash and irritability was 100%. The main types of moxibustion methods used in the treatment included moxibustion frame fumigation moxibustion, Wanying acupoint moxibustion pen moxibustion, and fire needle instead of moxibustion. There were 29 acupoints with a frequency of >25, including Zhongwan (CV12), Shenshu (BL23) and Mingmen (DU4), etc. Association rules showed that Sanyinjiao (SP6)-Zhongwan (CV12)-Feishu (BL13)-Shenshu (BL23)-Zhiyang (DU9) had the highest correlation. Six effective clustering combinations of moxibustion for EHF were summarized by clustering analysis. The weight graph can obtained the first 30 relationships with high correlation of target syndromes.Conclusions:Professor Zhou applied the idea of "moxibustion for heat syndrome" to the treatment of EHF, and took the method of "acupoint selection according to symptoms" as the main acupoint selection idea for moxibustion treatment of EHF. In clinical practice, moxibustion combined with auxiliary operation of TCM is often used to treat EHF, which can achieve good results.

Innate immune cells play an important role in anti-infection and anti-tumor immunity of the body. Common innate immune cells mainly include macrophages, natural killer(NK) cells, dendritic cells(DCs) and neutrophils. Exosomes, as a new subcellular entity, can regulate the biological activity of recipient cells by transporting non-coding RNA(ncRNA) such as microRNA(miRNA), long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) and circular RNA(circRNA) when circulating in extracellular space.Among them, miRNA induces gene silencing by directly targeting mRNA, while lncRNA and circRNA can act as miRNA sponges to adsorb and inhibit miRNA,indirectly regulating protein expression. In this paper, the regulatory role of exosome ncRNA in innate immune cells has been reviewed, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of innate immunity regulation and immune-related diseases.

Objective miR-207 is differentially expressed in many diseases.We investigated the mechanism by which miR-207 overexpression regulates the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(H37Ra)in macrophages,to provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of tuberculosis.Methods Macrophages were divided into four groups:blank(Ana-1 cells),control(cells infected with H37Ra),mi(infected with H37Ra and transfected with miRNA-207 mimics),and mi-NC(infected with H37Ra and transfected with NC mimics)groups.A model of tuberculosis infection was established using H37Ra-infected Ana-1 cells,and miRNA-207 and NC mimics were transfected into Ana-1 cells using the liposome transfection method.Tuberculosis colony-forming units were counted to assess the effect of miR-207 on intracellular mycobacterial load and clearance of extracellular residual mycobacteria.The total apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The relative expression levels of miR-207 and apoptosis,pyroptosis,inflammation,and autophagy genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Relative expression levels of apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy proteins were detected by Western blot.Fluorescence microscopy and multifunctional enzyme labeling were used to detect the fluorescence intensity of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).Results Successful establishment of the infection model was observed under the microscope.qPCR showed that miR-207 expression was lower in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.01),indicating differential expression between these two groups.miR-207 expression was significantly higher in the mi compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.0001),indicating successful establishment of the transfection model.The number of colonies and total apoptosis were both higher in the mi group compared with the mi-NC and control groups(P＜0.001).qPCR and Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of apoptotic genes and proteins were higher in the control group than in the blank group(P＜0.05),and higher in the mi group than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of inflammatory genes were higher in the control than in the blank group(P＜0.001).The relative expression levels of inflammatory genes were higher in the mi group than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05),and the relative expression levels of pyroptosis genes and proteins were higher in the control group compared with the blank group(P＜0.01)and higher in the mi group compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of the autophagy positively-regulated genes LC3 and Beclin1 were higher in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.0001),and lower in the mi than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05),while negatively-regulated autophagy genes showed the opposite trend.Autophagy-related proteins showed similar trends to the autophagy genes.ROS fluorescence intensity was higher in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.05),and higher in the mi compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.001).LDH content was higher in the control than in the blank group(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between the mi and mi-NC groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions miR-207 overexpression promotes apoptosis,cellular pyroptosis,and inflammation,inhibits autophagy,and favors H37Ra survival.These result provide a potential new direction for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.Current research has mainly focused on the role of ferroptosis in the field of cancer,but increasing evidence shows that ferroptosis is also related to the occurrence of infectious diseases.Ferroptosis has accordingly been detected in cases of COVID-19,tuberculosis,and cryptococcal meningitis,as well as other diseases.This article reviews the role of ferroptosis in infectious diseases,to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ferroptosis-related infectious diseases.

Objective miR-207 is differentially expressed in many diseases.We investigated the mechanism by which miR-207 overexpression regulates the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(H37Ra)in macrophages,to provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of tuberculosis.Methods Macrophages were divided into four groups:blank(Ana-1 cells),control(cells infected with H37Ra),mi(infected with H37Ra and transfected with miRNA-207 mimics),and mi-NC(infected with H37Ra and transfected with NC mimics)groups.A model of tuberculosis infection was established using H37Ra-infected Ana-1 cells,and miRNA-207 and NC mimics were transfected into Ana-1 cells using the liposome transfection method.Tuberculosis colony-forming units were counted to assess the effect of miR-207 on intracellular mycobacterial load and clearance of extracellular residual mycobacteria.The total apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The relative expression levels of miR-207 and apoptosis,pyroptosis,inflammation,and autophagy genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Relative expression levels of apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy proteins were detected by Western blot.Fluorescence microscopy and multifunctional enzyme labeling were used to detect the fluorescence intensity of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).Results Successful establishment of the infection model was observed under the microscope.qPCR showed that miR-207 expression was lower in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.01),indicating differential expression between these two groups.miR-207 expression was significantly higher in the mi compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.0001),indicating successful establishment of the transfection model.The number of colonies and total apoptosis were both higher in the mi group compared with the mi-NC and control groups(P＜0.001).qPCR and Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of apoptotic genes and proteins were higher in the control group than in the blank group(P＜0.05),and higher in the mi group than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of inflammatory genes were higher in the control than in the blank group(P＜0.001).The relative expression levels of inflammatory genes were higher in the mi group than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05),and the relative expression levels of pyroptosis genes and proteins were higher in the control group compared with the blank group(P＜0.01)and higher in the mi group compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of the autophagy positively-regulated genes LC3 and Beclin1 were higher in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.0001),and lower in the mi than in the mi-NC group(P＜0.05),while negatively-regulated autophagy genes showed the opposite trend.Autophagy-related proteins showed similar trends to the autophagy genes.ROS fluorescence intensity was higher in the control compared with the blank group(P＜0.05),and higher in the mi compared with the mi-NC group(P＜0.001).LDH content was higher in the control than in the blank group(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between the mi and mi-NC groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions miR-207 overexpression promotes apoptosis,cellular pyroptosis,and inflammation,inhibits autophagy,and favors H37Ra survival.These result provide a potential new direction for the treatment of tuberculosis.

{L-End}Objective To investigate the effect of motorcycle exhaust (ME) on the level of oxidative stress in different parts of respiratory tract epithelial cells. {L-End}Methods BEAS-2B and A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into control group, low- and high-dose groups. The two kinds of cells growing on the membrane of Transwell inserts were treated with air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure technique for 60 minutes. The cells in the low- and high- dose groups were treated with diluted gas with the volume ratio of ME to clean air of 1∶20 and 1∶10, respectively, while the cells in the control group were treated with clean air. Cells were collected to detect their relative survival rate using CCK-8 method after exposure. And the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the cells were detected using colorimetry. {L-End}Results The ME exposure dose affected the relative survival rate of cells (P<0.01), which showed a downward trend with the increasing ME exposure doses (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the main effect of cell types and the interaction effect of ME exposure dose and cell type (all P>0.05). There was a significant interaction between ME exposure dose and cell type in the level of glutathione and the activity of SOD (all P<0.01), and the level of malondialdehyde was a significant main effect of cell type (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the glutathione level and SOD activity between the low-dose group and the control group (all P>0.05), while the glutathione level and SOD activity in high-dose group were higher than those in the control group and low-dose group in BEAS-2B cells (all P<0.05). The glutathione level decreased with increasing ME exposure dose in A549 cells (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the low-dose group had a significantly higher activity of SOD (P<0.05) in A549 cells. The SOD activity of A549 cells in high-dose group was lower than those in control group and low-dose group (all P<0.05). The level of malondialdehyde in A549 cells was higher than those in BEAS-2B cells(P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion ME exposure can lead to changes in the production of oxidative stress biomarkers in respiratory tract epithelial cells. The oxidative stress response induced by ME exposure varies among respiratory tract epithelial cells from different regions.