Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by high invasiveness and unique metastatic biological features. Although local treatments(such as proton beam therapy and brachytherapy)can effectively control the primary lesion, approximately 50% of patients eventually develop distant metastasis, with the liver being the primary target organ(occurring in 90% of cases). This highlights a paradigm shift in treatment focus from mere local control to systemic prevention and management. For metastatic UM(mUM), current treatment strategies encompass biomarker-guided molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy(including Tebentafusp, vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapy), and liver-directed therapy. Focusing on the synergy between local and systemic prevention and control, this article systematically elaborates on the precision local treatment for primary UM, the decision-making pathway for systemic treatment of metastatic UM based on molecular subtyping, the integration of local and systemic therapies for liver metastases, and the translational value of nanomedicine in addressing therapeutic bottlenecks. It provides insights for optimizing clinical management of mUM and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Objective Based on the assumption of spatial heterogeneity,the distribution pattern and risk characteristics of health poverty in middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases are described from the perspective of spatial differentiation.In order to providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent poverty reduction policies and a model policy for other countries.Methods It used factor detector and interaction detector to capture the role of single-factor and multi-factor interactions on the spatial differentiation of health poverty,and risk detectors were utilized to explore the high-risk factors in risky areas Results The single factor explanation of medical assistance and health education activities is prominent,and the factors such as PM2.5,old-age dependency ratio and urban unemployment rate have strong interaction.Furthermore,it identified high-risk factor characteristics in areas at high risk of health poverty.Conclusion The spatial differentiation pattern of health poverty among the middle-aged and elderly chronic disease population in China is the result of the synergistic driving effect of multidimensional factors,and there is variability in the risk characteristics among regions.The government should establish a contextual optimization strategy and pay attention to the joint effect of multiple factors to establish a synergistic management system.

In drug clinical trials,the protection of subjects'privacy should take precedence over scientific exploration and societal benefits.This paper compared the differences in legal systems for the protection of subjects'privacy in China and abroad by employing methods such as literature review,case analysis,and comparison of domestic and foreign situations.It also elucidated the current ethical challenges faced by the protection of subjects'privacy,which primarily included imperfect laws and regulations,insufficient protection awareness among relevant personnel,risks of privacy breaches in critical links,and increased difficulty in data confidentiality under emerging technologies.From the perspective of responsible innovation,specific paths were proposed to protect subjects'privacy by using the four-dimensional structure of"prediction-reflection-negotiation-feedback,"maintaining a balance between ethical principles and technological innovation,ensuring the ethical and compliant nature of drug clinical trials,and thus better contributing to the cause of human health.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different types of tea intake and COVID-19 infection.Methods:Data were retrieved from a genome-wide association study(GWAS),involving 447 485,and 64 949 people for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was used to investigate the relationship of different types of tea intake with four subgroups of COVID-19 infected population,including COVID-19 infected population versus general population,COVID-19 hospitalized population versus general population,COVID-19 hospitalized population versus non-hospitalized population,and very severe respiratory confirmed population versus general population.Inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the main method of causal analysis.MR Egger intercept was used for pleiotropy test,and Cochran's Q-statistic was used for heterogeneity test.Results:Compared to the general population,tea intake decreased the incidence of COVID-19 in the infection population(IVW method,OR=0.806,95%CI:0.651-0.999),and the hospitalized population(IVW method,OR=0.533,95%CI:0.369-0.770).Additionally,the underlying pleiotropy was not found following the MR-Egger regression intercept(MR intercept=-0.002,P=0.667),and the Cochran's Q-statistic showed no heterogeneity(Q-statistic=52.712,P=0.057).Compared to the general population,the underlying pleiotropy in the hospitalized patients was not found by MR-Egger regression intercept(MR intercept=-0.001,P=0.909),and the Cochran's Q-statistic showed no heterogeneity(Q-statistic=25.214,P=0.945).However,green tea and herbal tea had no effect on COVID-19 infection.Conclusions:Overall tea intake reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection in the general population compared to COVID-19 infected and hospitalized populations,while green tea and herbal tea have no protective effect against COVID-19 infection.

Objective To study the effect of wall thickness on the accuracy(trueness and precision)of 3D printed models.Methods The 3D scanning data of the standard gypsum dental arch model was imported into Exocad software.And four sets of models were de-signed,including horseshoe shaped solid model and horseshoe shaped hollow models with different wall thicknesses(2 mm,3 mm,4 mm).On the first and seventh day after printing,the 3D scanning data of resin models were imported into Geomagic software.Deviation analysis were performed on 3D printed models for the root mean square(root mean square,RMS).Results The trueness range of the four groups of printed models on the first day was(34.63±4.17)μm to(45.26±6.50)μm,there was no statistical difference.The pre-cision range was(30.25±10.18)μm to(47.65±14.77)μm,and the precision of the solid group was lower than the other three groups(P＜0.05).The trueness range of the four groups of printing models on the 7th day was(49.00±9.11)μm to(69.25±9.70)μm.The trueness of the 2 mm wall thickness group was lower than that of the solid group and the 4 mum wall thickness group(P＜0.05).Con-clusion The accuracy of printing models with different wall thicknesses was within the clinical acceptance range.There was no statisti-cally significant difference in the trueness values of the four groups of printing models on the first day.The precision value of the solid group was the lowest.On the 7th day,the trueness of the wall thickness of 2 mm group was lower than that of the solid group and the 4 mum wall thickness group.

Objective To describe the evolution of multidimensional health poverty among Chinese residents over a decade and to depict the characteristics of vulnerable groups.Methods We collected data from 76 999 households in the China Family Panel Studies across six periods from 2010 to 2020.Using tools developed by the research team,it measured the multidimensional health poverty index and decomposed its contributing factors.A comprehensive multi-level analysis was conducted based on household head,family,and regional characteristics.Results From 2010 to 2020,the multidimensional health poverty index and incidence significantly decreased from 0.338 and 68.5％to 0.163 and 37.9％respectively.The contribution of the health rights dimension initially decreased and then increased,the health capability dimension's contribution decreased from 0.256 to 0.158,and the health risk dimension's contribution steadily increased from 0.375 to 0.500.If the head of the household is male,older,less educated,has chronic disease comorbidities,participates in the new rural cooperative medical system,and the household income is low and lives in rural areas and western regions,the multidimensional health poverty index of the household is higher.Conclusion From 2010 to 2020,the multidimensional health poverty index and incidence rate of Chinese families decreased,in which health risk gradually became the dominant factor,and the distribution of health poverty index showed distinct demographic,household and regional characteristics.

Background Some studies have suggested that exposure to multiple metals is closely linked to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the populations, but the effect of aluminum exposure on MS remains unclear. Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of MS among employees with aluminum exposure in Shanxi Province. Methods Cluster sampling was employed to survey male frontline workers in an aluminum factory in Shanxi Province. Data on general demographic information, lifestyle, occupational history, medical history, and family history of chronic diseases were collected through questionnaires. The concentration of fasting blood glucose was determined using the glucose oxidase technique, and blood lipid levels were determined using the peroxidase method. Serum aluminum levels were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and blood biochemical indicators were measured using the peroxidase method. Based on the China's 2020 diagnostic criteria for MS, the participants were and divided into an MS group anda non-MS group. Variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included to construct a logistic regression model. Results A cohort of 312 workers participated in this research, with 84 individuals diagnosed with MS, yielding a prevalence rate of 26.92%. The logistic regression model revealed that body mass index (BMI)≥24.0 kg·m⁻² (OR=1.967, 95%CI: 1.057, 3.659), alcohol consumption (OR=1.883, 95%CI: 1.063, 3.336), experiencing major life event (OR=3.886, 95%CI: 1.509, 10.008), family history of hypertension (OR=2.112, 95%CI: 1.162, 3.837), serum aluminum concentration (OR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.035), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (OR=1.032, 95%CI: 1.011, 1.054), and white blood cell (WBC) count (OR=1.210, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.465) were significant influencing factors for MS. Conclusion BMI≥24.0 kg·m⁻², alcohol consumption, experiencing major life event, family history of hypertension, elevated serum aluminum concentration, increased ALT level, and elevated WBC count are risk factors for MS among occupationally aluminum-exposed workers.

As a sub-discipline of field surgery,trauma surgery of naval warfare focuses on the treatment of marine casualties,which is the extension and application of field surgical theories and techniques in the context of naval warfare.Informatization and 3-dimension have been the basic features of modern naval warfare.With the extensive use of high-tech weapons,maritime combat styles and security needs have undergone profound changes.The complexity and diversity of marine trauma injuries have created new opportunities and challenges for the development of trauma surgery.This paper analyzes the marine trauma under the conditions of modern warfare,the characteristics of marine trauma surgical care,and the medical evacuation system of casualty care in naval battle,aiming to promote the research of naval medical support and the development of field surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the changes in left ventricular structure and function in pregnant women with different severities of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy（HDP）using conventional echocardiographic parameters，strain，and tissue-tracking mitral annulus displacement（TMAD）parameters，and to validate and compare the application value of strain and TMAD parameters.Methods:A total of 148 singleton pregnant women with HDP and 100 healthy pregnant women（HP group）who attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2023 to July 2024 were selected. Conventional echocardiographic parameters，strain，and TMAD parameters were collected. Based on the severity of the disease，HDP patients were divided into the gestational hypertension group（GH group， n=49），non-severe preeclampsia group（NSPE group， n=35），and severe preeclampsia group（SPE group， n=64）. The differences in various parameters between the HP，GH，NSPE，and SPE groups were compared. The correlation between the displacement ratio of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus in the apical 4-chamber（AP4 Midpt%），the displacement ratio of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus in the apical 2-chamber（AP2 Midpt%）and left ventricular global longitudinal strain（LVGLS）were analyzed，and ROC curves were plotted to analyze and compare the diagnostic efficacies of LVGLS，AP4 Midpt% and AP2 Midpt% for left ventricular function changes in HDP pregnant women. Results:① The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in maternal age and height between the HP group and the HDP subgroups（all P>0.05）. In contrast，statistically significant differences were observed in gestational age，systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure，body mass index，and body surface area（all P<0.05）. Additionally，significant differences were noted in left ventricular mass，left ventricular interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole，left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole，left ventricular end-diastolic dimension，left ventricular end-systolic dimension，left ventricular end-diastolic volume，left ventricular end-systolic volume，and stroke volume between the HP group and the HDP subgroups（all P<0.05），while the difference in left ventricular ejection fraction was not statistically significant（ P>0.05）. ② Significant differences were identified in strain and TMAD parameters between the HP group and the HDP subgroups（all P<0.05），with LVGLS，AP4 Midpt% and AP2 Midpt% exhibited the largest effect sizes（ η p2=0.457，0.453，0.351）. A progressive decline in strain and TMAD parameters was observed as the severity of HDP increased. ③ There were strong positive correlations between AP4 Midpt%，AP2 Midpt% and LVGLS（ r=0.752，0.747；all P<0.001）. ④ LVGLS，AP4 Midpt% and AP2 Midpt% all demonstrated significant diagnostic efficacies for changes in left ventricular function in HDP（AUC=0.840，0.847，0.791），and the differences in AUC among the 3 curves were not statistically significant（all P>0.05）.⑤ The success rate of collecting TMAD parameters was significantly higher than that of strain parameters（99.24% vs. 93.58%， P<0.001）. Conclusions:As the severity of the disease worsens，the changes of left ventricular structure and function in pregnant women with HDP become more and more significant. Both strain and TMAD parameters can early and sensitively identify the subclinical damage of left ventricular systolic function in HDP pregnant women，and both of them have the same diagnostic value. TMAD parameters can be used as a reliable substitute parameter of LVGLS in HDP pregnant women.

Complete dentures can be fabricated by cutting and grinding the resin in one step.It is worth trying to manufacture removable partial dentures through simulating this approach to minimize manual fabrication as much as possible.This article reports on a case where a digitally designed and milled removable partial denture was made from a cuttable resin.After a two-month postoperative follow-up,there was no significant pain or discomfort in the soft or hard tissues.This preliminary study suggests that this digital restoration plan could a-chieve good restoration results and can be further clinically promoted.