Objective:To evaluate the optical performance of two aspheric intraocular lenses (IOL) AcrySof IQ SN60WF and Proming A1-UV with identical negative spherical aberration values, using the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D through an in vitro study. Methods:The optical performance of + 20.0 D blue-light filtering SN60WF and monofocal high-order aspheric non blue-light filtering A1-UV IOL was evaluated through cornea models with the spherical aberration of 0 μm (ISO-1) and + 0.28 μm (ISO-2) under apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm via the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D.The modulation transfer function (MTF) and USAF 1951 resolution test chart were employed to measure the IOL with centering, decentration of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm, as well as tilt of 3°, 5°, 7°, 9° and 11°.The spectral transmittance of IOL was measured with the UV-3300 UV-VIS spectrophotometer.Results:Compared with the A1-UV IOL, the spectral transmittance of SN60WF for blue light with wavelengths of 400-500 nm was significantly reduced, which effectively reduced the passage of blue light.At an aperture of 3.0 mm, the MTF values at 100 lp/mm spatial frequency for the centered SN60WF and A1-UV were 0.576 and 0.598 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.564 and 0.563 under ISO-2 conditions.At an aperture of 4.5 mm, the MTF values were 0.238 and 0.404 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.438 and 0.339 under ISO-2 conditions.The MTF values of A1-UV and SN60WF at 3.0 mm aperture and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions were larger than those under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.Under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions with a 3.0 mm aperture, A1-UV had a better optical quality compared to SN60WF, whereas under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, the optical quality of both IOLs was similar.Under the 3.0 mm aperture, the MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a decentration of 0.3 mm and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency were 0.414 and 0.571 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.438 and 0.512 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, respectively.The MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a tilt of 3° were 0.522 and 0.597 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.532 and 0.531 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.The MTF values and USAF resolution test chart of A1-UV had no significant change between the two corneal measurement conditions.When subjected to equal degrees of decentration or tilting, except for the ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions at a 4.5 mm aperture, the MTF values of A1-UV showed a gradual decline across various spatial frequencies compared to SN60WF.With the increase in aperture size, the impact of IOL decentration or tilting on MTF values and USAF 1951 resolution test chart became more notable for A1-UV relative to SN60WF.Conclusions:The SN60WF IOL effectively filters blue light within the wavelength range of 400-500 nm.However, when both IOL experience decentration greater than 0.3 mm or tilting beyond 3°, the optical quality of the IOL will decline.A1-UV has a distinct advantage over SN60WF in terms of resistance to both decentration and tilting-induced optical performance degradation in vitro.

Objective:To evaluate clinical prognosis and prognostic factors of patients with early stage (Ⅰ stage) and locally advanced (Ⅱ/Ⅲ stage) lung cancer treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT).Methods:Clinical data, treatment, adverse reactions, survival and so on of 54 lung cancer patients who received CIRT and follow-up in the Heavy Ion Center of Wuwei Cancer Hospital of Gansu Province from March 2020 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival curve was plotted using Kaplan-Meier method. Difference tests were performed using log-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.Results:According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 patients were enrolled in the study, including 10 patients with early stage lung cancer and 44 patients with locally advanced lung cancer. The median follow-up time for 10 patients with early stage lung cancer was 11.0 (6.75, 17.25) months, and the median dose of irradiation was 60 Gy [relative biological effect (RBE)]. Upon the last follow-up, 3 patients had complete response (CR) and 3 patients had partial response (PR). Four patients had stable disease (SD) and no progressive disease (PD). The 1-year and 2-year local control rates (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS) rates and overall survival (OS) rates were 100%. During treatment and follow-up, 2 patients developed grade 1 radiation pneumonia, 1 case of grade 2 radiation pneumonia, 1 case of chest wall injury (chest wall pain), and there were no adverse reactions greater than grade 2. The median follow-up time of 44 patients with locally advanced stage was 12.5 (4.25, 21.75) months, and the median irradiation dose was 72 Gy (RBE). Thirty-two (73%) patients received concurrent chemotherapy during treatment, 20 (45%) patients received sequential chemotherapy after treatment, 14 (32%) patients received immune maintenance therapy and 3 (7%) patients obtained PD and received targeted drugs. Upon the last follow-up, 3 (7%) patients had CR, 17 (39%) patients had PR, 19 (43%) patients obtained SD, and 5 (11%) patients had PD. The 1-year and 2-year LCR were 96.0% and 87.3%, 90.9% and 84.1% for the 1-year and 2-year PFS rates, and 93.2% and 86.4% for the 1-year and 2-year OS rates, respectively. The median OS and PFS of patients were not reached. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maintenance therapy after radiotherapy ( P=0.027) and clinical target volume (CTV) irradiation volume ( P=0.028) were the factors affecting PFS. Simultaneous chemoradiotherapy ( P=0.042) and maintenance therapy after radiotherapy ( P=0.020) were the factors affecting OS. And gross tumor volume (GTV) ≥215 ml ( P=0.068) might be an independent risk factor for grade 2 and above radiation pneumonia. Conclusions:The domestic carbon ion system has definite clinical effect and controllable toxic and side effects in the treatment of early stage and locally advanced lung cancer. The combination of synchronous chemotherapy and further maintenance treatment can significantly improve clinical prognosis of patients without significantly increasing the risk of toxic and side effects.

Objective To establish a nomogram model for predicting clinical pregnancy rate in patients with endometriosis undergoing fresh embryo transfer.Methods We retrospectively collected the data of 464 endometriosis patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer,who were randomly divided into a training dataset(60%)and a testing dataset(40%).Using univariate analysis,multiple logistic regression analysis,and LASSO regression analysis,we identified the factors associated with the fresh transplantation pregnancy rate in these patients and developed a nomogram model for predicting the clinical pregnancy rate following fresh embryo transfer.We employed an integrated learning approach that combined GBM,XGBOOST,and MLP algorithms for optimization of the model performance through parameter adjustments.Results The clinical pregnancy rate following fresh embryo transfer was significantly influenced by female age,Gn initiation dose,number of assisted reproduction cycles,and number of embryos transferred.The variables included in the LASSO model selection included female age,FSH levels,duration and initial dose of Gn usage,number of assisted reproduction cycles,retrieved oocytes,embryos transferred,endometrial thickness on HCG day,and progesterone level on HCG day.The nomogram demonstrated an accuracy of 0.642(95%CI:0.605-0.679)in the training dataset and 0.652(95%CI:0.600-0.704)in the validation dataset.The predictive ability of the model was further improved using ensemble learning methods and achieved predicative accuracies of 0.725(95%CI:0.680-0.770)in the training dataset and 0.718(95%CI:0.675-0.761)in the validation dataset.Conclusions The established prediction model in this study can help in prediction of clinical pregnancy rates following fresh embryo transfer in patients with endometriosis.

Objective To establish a nomogram model for predicting clinical pregnancy rate in patients with endometriosis undergoing fresh embryo transfer.Methods We retrospectively collected the data of 464 endometriosis patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer,who were randomly divided into a training dataset(60%)and a testing dataset(40%).Using univariate analysis,multiple logistic regression analysis,and LASSO regression analysis,we identified the factors associated with the fresh transplantation pregnancy rate in these patients and developed a nomogram model for predicting the clinical pregnancy rate following fresh embryo transfer.We employed an integrated learning approach that combined GBM,XGBOOST,and MLP algorithms for optimization of the model performance through parameter adjustments.Results The clinical pregnancy rate following fresh embryo transfer was significantly influenced by female age,Gn initiation dose,number of assisted reproduction cycles,and number of embryos transferred.The variables included in the LASSO model selection included female age,FSH levels,duration and initial dose of Gn usage,number of assisted reproduction cycles,retrieved oocytes,embryos transferred,endometrial thickness on HCG day,and progesterone level on HCG day.The nomogram demonstrated an accuracy of 0.642(95%CI:0.605-0.679)in the training dataset and 0.652(95%CI:0.600-0.704)in the validation dataset.The predictive ability of the model was further improved using ensemble learning methods and achieved predicative accuracies of 0.725(95%CI:0.680-0.770)in the training dataset and 0.718(95%CI:0.675-0.761)in the validation dataset.Conclusions The established prediction model in this study can help in prediction of clinical pregnancy rates following fresh embryo transfer in patients with endometriosis.

Objective:To investigate the application value of a multi-dimensional digital moni-toring platform for perioperative period in gastric cancer patients.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrec-tomy in The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to January 2024 were collected. There were 35 males and 15 females, aged (64±12)years. All patients followed the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, and the multi-dimensional digital monitoring platform based on wearable monitoring equipment was used to implement perioperative management measures. Observation indicators: (1) results of heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring; (2) results of blood glucose and blood oxygen monitoring; (3) results of exercise and sleep monitoring; (4) results of body composition monitoring. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(IQR). Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Measurement data with skewed distri-bution were transformed to normal distribution by SPSS transformation function before testing. For comparison between pre- and postoperation, paired sample t test was used for measurement data with normal distribution, and nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for measure-ment data with skewed distribution. Results:(1) Results of HRV monitoring. From preoperation to the third day after surgery, the standard deviation normal to normal heart beat of 50 patients was changed from(103±26)ms to(101±36)ms, the mean of the standard deviations of normal to normal heart beat calculated per 5 min segment was changed from (45±16)ms to(33±12)ms, the number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire recording was changed from 6.02%(4.96%) to 5.79%(4.20%), the low frequency power was changed from 376.78(468.96)ms 2 to 742.79(525.20)ms 2, the high frequency power was changed from 273.61(273.58)ms 2 to 397.48(164.87)ms 2, the ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power was changed from 1.6±0.5 to 1.6±0.6, showing significant differences in above indicators before and after operation ( F=34.43, 26.15, 24.58, 5.51, 6.11, 6.02, P<0.05). (2) Results of blood glucose and blood oxygen monitoring. From preoperation to the third day after surgery, the blood glucose of 50 patients was changed from 6.75(2.05)mmol/L to 6.90(2.63)mmol/L, showng a significant difference before and after operation ( F=45.84, P<0.05). The blood oxygen was changed from 97.00%(5.00%) to 97.50%(3.00%), showing no significant difference before and after operation ( F=2.25, P>0.05). (3) Results of exercise and sleep monitoring. From preoperation to the third day after surgery, the number of steps fo 50 pati-ents was changed from 3 043(1 224) to 1 473(767), sleep duration was changed from(8.2±1.1)hours to(7.3±0.8)hours, sleep score was changed from 80±10 to 78±5,showing significant differences in above indicators before and after operation ( F=716.46, 29.02, 47.32, P<0.05).(4) Results of body composition monitoring. The body weight of 50 patients was changed from (63±8)kg to(61±8)kg before and after operation, body fat rate was changed from 24%±8% to 22%±9%, muscle mass was changed from 43 (12)kg to 41(17)kg, body mass index was changed from (23.0±2.6)kg/m 2 to(22.1±2.5)kg/m 2, showing significant differences in above indicators before and after operation ( t=8.19, 3.00, Z=-2.78, t=7.34, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in basal metabolic indicators from (1 390±134)kcal to (1 379±139)kcal before and after operation ( t=1.02, P>0.05). Conclusion:The multi-dimensional digital monitoring platform for preoperative period can accurately monitor the perioperative stress level and evaluate the postoperative recovery of gastric cancer patients, which can present the visual results.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the changing distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET(China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network)using disk diffusion method and commercial automated systems.The CHINET antimicrobial resistance surveillance data from 2015 to 2021 were interpreted according to the 2021 CLSI breakpoints and analyzed using WHONET 5.6.Results During the period from 2015 to 2021,a total of 204,771 nonduplicate strains of Staphylococcus were isolated,including 136,731(66.8％)strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 68,040(33.2％)strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS).The proportions of S.aureus isolates and CNS isolates did not show significant change.S.aureus strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(38.9±5.1)％,wound,pus and secretions(33.6±4.2)％,and blood(11.9±1.5)％.The CNS strains were predominantly isolated from blood(73.6±4.2)％,cerebrospinal fluid(12.1±2.5)％,and pleural effusion and ascites(8.4±2.1)％.S.aureus strains were mainly isolated from the patients in ICU(17.0±7.3)％,outpatient and emergency(11.6±1.7)％,and department of surgery(11.2±0.9)％,whereas CNS strains were primarily isolated from the patients in ICU(32.2±9.7)％,outpatient and emergency(12.8±4.7)％,and department of internal medicine(11.2±1.9)％.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was 32.9％in S.aureus(MRSA)and 74.1％in CNS(MRCNS).Over the 7-year period,the prevalence of MRSA decreased from 42.1％to 29.2％,and the prevalence of MRCNS decreased from 82.1％to 68.2％.MRSA showed higher resistance rates to all the antimicrobial agents tested except trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than methicillin-susceptible S.aureus(MSSA).Over the 7-year period,MRSA strains showed decreasing resistance rates to gentamicin,rifampicin,and levofloxacin,MRCNS showed decreasing resistance rates to gentamicin,erythromycin,rifampicin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,but increasing resistance rate to levofloxacin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were detected.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant MRCNS increased from 0.2％to 2.3％over the 7-year period.Conclusions Staphylococcus remains the major pathogen among gram-positive bacteria.MRSA and MRCNS were still the principal antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria.No S.aureus isolates were found resistant to vancomycin or linezolid,but linezolid-resistant strains have been detected in MRCNS isolates,which is an issue of concern.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligent (AI)-based automated digital cell morphology analyzer (hereinafter referred as AI morphology analyzer) in detecting peripheral white blood cells (WBCs).Methods:A multi-center study. 1. A total of 3010 venous blood samples were collected from 11 tertiary hospitals nationwide, and 14 types of WBCs were analyzed with the AI morphology analyzers. The pre-classification results were compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts in evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of the AI morphology analyzers on the WBC pre-classification. 2. 400 blood samples (no less than 50% of the samples with abnormal WBCs after pre-classification and manual review) were selected from 3 010 samples, and the morphologists conducted manual microscopic examinations to differentiate different types of WBCs. The correlation between the post-classification and the manual microscopic examination results was analyzed. 3. Blood samples of patients diagnosed with lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasms were selected from the 3 010 blood samples. The performance of the AI morphology analyzers in these five hematological malignancies was evaluated by comparing the pre-classification and post-classification results. Cohen′s kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of WBC pre-classification and expert audit results, and Passing-Bablock regression analysis was used for comparison test, and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated according to the formula.Results:1. AI morphology analyzers can pre-classify 14 types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells. Compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts, the pre-classification accuracy of total WBCs reached 97.97%, of which the pre-classification accuracies of normal WBCs and abnormal WBCs were more than 96% and 87%, respectively. 2. The post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts correlated well with the manual differential results for all types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, immature granulocytes, blast cells, nucleated erythrocytes and malignant cells r>0.90 respectively, reactive lymphocytes r=0.85). With reference, the positive smear of abnormal cell types defined by The International Consensus Group for Hematology, the AI morphology analyzer has the similar screening ability for abnormal WBC samples as the manual microscopic examination. 3. For the blood samples with malignant hematologic diseases, the AI morphology analyzers showed accuracies higher than 84% on blast cells pre-classification, and the sensitivities were higher than 94%. In acute myeloid leukemia, the sensitivity of abnormal promyelocytes pre-classification exceeded 95%. Conclusion:The AI morphology analyzer showed high pre-classification accuracies and sensitivities on all types of leukocytes in peripheral blood when comparing with the post-classification results reviewed by experts. The post-classification results also showed a good correlation with the manual differential results. The AI morphology analyzer provides an efficient adjunctive white blood cell detection method for screening malignant hematological diseases.

Objective:To compare the adverse reactions, efficacy and survival rate of carbon ion beam irradiation in the elective lymph node (ENI) drainage area of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) with relative biological effect (RBE) dose of 48 Gy using 16 and 12 fractions.Methods:A total of 72 patients with pathologically confirmed LA-NSCLC admitted to Wuwei Heavy Ion Center of Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled and simple randomly divided into groups A and B, with 36 patients in each group. Patients in groups A and B were treated with carbon ion beam irradiation to the lymph node drainage area with 48 Gy (RBE) using 16 and 12 fractions. The acute and chronic adverse reactions, efficacy and survival rate were observed. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method. Difference test was conducted by log-rank test.Results:The median follow-up time was 13.9 (8.8-15.7) months in group A and 14.6 (6.3-15.9) months in group B. Sixteen (44.4%) patients were effectively treated in group A and 9 (25%) patients in group B. Thirty-four (94.4%) cases achieved disease control in group A and 30 (83.3%) cases in group B. Statistical analysis showed that the overall survival rate in group B was similar to that in group A ( χ2=1.192, P=0.275). Comparison of planning parameters between two groups showed CTV volume, D mean, V 5 Gy(RBE), V 20 Gy(RBE) and V 30 Gy(RBE) of the affected lung, cardiac V 20 Gy(RBE), V 30 Gy(RBE) and D mean, esophageal V 30 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), D max and D mean, D max of the trachea and spinal cord had no significant difference (all P>0.05). No grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions occurred in the enrolled patients during treatment and follow-up. No statistical differences were observed in the acute radiation skin reaction ( χ2=5.134, P=0.077), radiation esophagitis ( χ2=1.984, P=0.371), and advanced radiation pneumonia ( χ2=6.185, P=0.103) between two groups. Conclusions:The two dose fractionation modes of carbon ion therapy system are equally safe in the mediastinal lymphatic drainage area of LA-NSCLC, and the adverse reactions are controllable. The long-term efficacy still needs further observation.

OBJECTIVES: The patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for more than 80% of the patients with brain injury. Most patients with mTBI have no abnormalities in CT examination. Therefore, most patients choose to self-care and recover rather than seeking medical treatment. In fact, mTBI may result in persistent cognitive decline and neurobehavioral dysfunction. In addition, changes occurred in neurochemistry, metabolism, and cells after injury may cause changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is one of the causes of secondary injury and slow brain repair. This study aims to evaluate the changes of CBF with the progression of the disease in patients with mTBI based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging technology. METHODS: In the outpatient or emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 43 mTBI patients were collected as an mTBI group, and 43 normal subjects with age, gender, and education level matching served as a control group. They all received clinical neuropsychology and cognitive function evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. In the mTBI group, 22 subjects were followed up at acute phase, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months. Based on the control group, the abnormal regions of CBF in the whole brain of mTBI patients were analyzed. The abnormal regions were taken as the regions of interest (ROI). The correlation of the values of the CBF in ROIs with clinical indications, cognitive function, and the changes of CBF in ROI at each time point during the follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the CBF in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and auxiliary motor areas in the cortical region, as well as the right putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and parahippocampus in the subcutaneous regions in the acute phase of the mTBI group were significantly increased (all P<0.01, TFCE-FWE correction). The analysis results of correlation of CBF with neuropsychology and cognitive domain showed that in the mTBI group, whole brain (r=0.528, P<0.001), right caudate nucleus (r=0.512, P<0.001), putamen (r=0.486, P<0.001), and globus pallidus (r=0.426, P=0.006) values of the were positively correlated with Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) score (reflectting working memory ability), and the right globus pallidus CBF was negatively correlated with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Cheeklist-CivilianVersion (PCL-C) score (r=-0.402, P=0.010). Moreover, the follow-up study showed that abnormal CBF in these areas had not been restored. The correlation of CBF was negatively correlated with PCL-C and BDST at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The elevated CBF value is one of the stress characteristics of brain injury in the mTBI patients at the acute phase. There is abnormal elevation of CBF values in multiple cortex or subcortical areas. Multi-time point studies show that there is no obvious change of CBF in abnormal areas, suggesting that potential clinical treatment is urgently needed for the mTBI patients.
Brain Concussion/diagnostic imaging* ; Brain Injuries ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Spin Labels