Objective To analyze the clinical significance of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tests at different head deflection angles in assessing utricle function in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 61 BPPV patients who were treated at the Hearing Impairment and Vertigo Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively included, and 29 healthy adults were selected as controls. SVV tests were performed on all research subjects at different head deflection angles: upright head (0°), left head 45° (L45°), right head 45° (R45°). The test results between the two groups were compared. Results SVV absolute value at R45° in BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＝0.003); there was no significant difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in SVV values at different head deflection angles between the control group and the left BPPV group. SVV absolute value at R45° in right BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.001); there was no statistical difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. Conclusions SVV test can provide subjective information about the utricle, and SVV tests at different head deflection angles can fine-tune evaluate the function of the utricle in BPPV patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between symptoms of vertigo and vestibular functions and short-term hearing outcomes in patients with flat descending sudden sensorineural hearing loss （SSNHL）. Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of the vestibular symptoms observed in 48 patients with unilateral flat-down sudden sensorineural hearing loss treated at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Symptoms of vertigo and the results of cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials （cVEMP）, ocular VEMP （oVEMP）, caloric test and video head-impulse test （vHIT） were collected to determine whether these factors could predict therapeutic efficacy. Results:The symptoms of vertigo was not correlated with prognosis （P>0.05） or with abnormal vestibular functions （P>0.05）. Patients with abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric test or vHIT showed significantly lower effective rates （32.0%, 44.0%, 32.0%, and 24.0%, respectively）; the greater the number of abnormal tests, the poorer the outcome. Patients with all four tests abnormal gained only （3.13±15.97） dB HL in hearing recovery, whereas those with normal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric test or vHIT showed better chances of hearing improvements by （29.22±20.31）, （31.18±21.59）, （26.17±21.31）, and （26.38±24.05） dB HL, respectively. Conclusion:Vestibular function effectively predicts prognosis in flat descending SSNHL. Patients with abnormal vestibular tests, regardless of symptoms of vertigo, responded poorly to treatment, whereas those with normal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric test and vHIT results achieved better hearing recovery. Abnormal vestibular function implies more extensive and severe inner-ear lesions in patients with SSNHL.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Vertigo/diagnosis* ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis* ; Young Adult ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnosis* ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of Wujiashen Gejiejing on rats with deficiency of lung qi. METHODS The rat model of deficiency of lung qi was established by sawdust fumigation. By comparing the general activity state, blood acid-alkali indexes, biochemical indexes related to chronic bronchitis and airway histological characteristics of rats in each group, the pharmacodynamics of Wujiashen Gejiejing on rats with deficiency of lung qi was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with model group, after the Wujiashen Gejiejing intervention, the body weight of the rats significantly increased; the levels of p(O2) and SaO2 in blood were significantly increased(P<0.001), p(CO2) was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and pH had a tendency to increase; the levels of endothelin(ET) and IL-1β in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α in serum had a decreasing trend. The damaged lung structures were significantly improved. CONCLUSION Wujiashen Gejiejing can significantly improve the activity state and improve hypoxemia and hypercapnia of lung qi deficiency syndrome, improve the damaged lung structure and the function of lung ventilation, and has obvious anti-inflammatory effect. Its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and ET.

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the plaque components of carotid artery through energy spectrum computed tomography angiography(CTA),and to measure the blood flow perfusion in the blood-supply area of carotid artery through CT perfusion(CTP),so as to explore the relationship among plaque component,the degree of luminal stenosis and cerebral blood flow perfusion.Methods:A total of 68 patients with unilateral plaques of carotid artery and severe vascular stenosis who were screened and diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA in Xiyuan Hospital from December 2017 to July 2019 were selected,and all patients underwent CTA examination and CTP examination.North American symptomatic carotid endarterectomy test(NASCET)method was used to measure the degree of carotid stenosis.The GE AW 4.7 post-process workstation was used to conduct analyses of energy spectrum and cerebral perfusion for the plaque component.And then,the slope of energy spectrum curve and the effective atomic number were obtained.At the same time,the cerebral blood volume(CBV),cerebral blood flow(CBF),time to peak(TTP)and mean transit time(MTT)of contrast agent in blood-supplying area of anterior cerebral artery(ACA)and middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion were measured.Results:A total of 68 measured plaques of 68 patients met the condition,including 44 vulnerable plaques(including lipid plaques and mixed plaques)and 24 stable plaques(fibrous plaques).The average slopes of the energy spectrum curves of vulnerable plaque and stable plaque were respectively 0.45±0.45 and 1.15±0.39,and the differences were significant(t=2.413,P<0.05).The averagely effective atomic numbers of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively 7.21±1.06 and 8.01±0.63,and the difference were significant(t=2.548,P<0.05).The average TTP values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(12.20±1.61)S and(13.59±2.79)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.607,P<0.05).The mean MTT values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(5.07±1.66)S and(6.09±2.19)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.177,P<0.05).The degree of vascular stenosis at the side of lesion was positively correlated with TTP and MTT in blood-supplying area of middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion(r=0.537,0.465,P<0.05),and that was negatively correlated with CBF values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=-0.281,-0.569,P<0.05),respectively.The slope of the energy spectrum curve of carotid plaque was positively correlated with the TTP values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=0.242,0.246,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:CT spectral imaging can quantitatively analyze the displayed components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque,and the degree of vascular stenosis can affect the blood flow perfusion of cerebral tissue,and the delays of TTP and MTT are more easily caused by vulnerable plaque,and the TTP of them is more sensitivity.

Objective To observe the value of tissue motion mitral annular displacement(TMAD)technique to assess left ventricular function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.Methods A total of 34 adult patients with cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively included as the observation group,and 32 healthy adults were collected as the control group for the same period.Basic data of the subjects were collected,and data of routine ultrasonic parameters of left ventricular function and TMAD parameters were obtained,and then compared between groups.The correlation of TMAD parameters with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)or mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE)were assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher levels of body surface area(BSA),systolic blood pressure,N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),creatinine and urea(all P＜0.05).The observation group had increased values of ascending aorta(AO),left atrium(LA),interventricular septum(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole(LVPWD),pulmonary artery(PA),and early diastolic peark velocity of mitral inflow(peak E),while smaller values of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LVEF,fractional shortening(FS),early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity E'septal(IVS E')and lateral(LW E')and MAPSE(all P＜0.05),and the LVEF in observation group was(58.18±7.09)％.For TMAD patameters,the observation group had smaller values of the following parameters on apical four chamber(A4C)view as medial displacement of mitral valve annulus(A4C MV1),displacement of lateral mitral valve annulus(A4C MV2),displacement of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus(A4C Midpt)and the corresponding percentage(A4C Midpt％),as well as smaller values of the following paramets on apical two chamber(A2C)view as A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt and A2C Midpt％(all P＜0.05).In the observation group,A4C Midpt％showed a moderate positive correlation with LVEF(r=0.488,P＜0.05),and A2C Midpt showed a high positive correlation with M APSE(r=0.712,P＜0.05),and A4C MV2,A4C Midpt,A4C Midpt％,A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt％all showed a moderate positive correlation with MAPSE(r=0.420 to 0.691,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with LVEF,the TMAD parameters might reflect the changes in left ventricular systolic function more sensitively in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Objective:To investigate the expression of the novel immune checkpoint SIGLEC9 and SIGLEC9+T cells in cervical cancer and its clinical correlation.Methods:A total of 132 paraffin-embedded specimens of cervical tissue from patients with cervical cancer who under-went surgical treatment or pathological biopsy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2022 to October 2023 were included for study.In addition,58 paraffin-embedded specimens of normal cervical tissue from patients with benign uterine leiomyomas who underwent total uterine excision during the same period were selected as normal controls.Furthermore,108 peripheral blood samples from patients with cervical cancer who underwent surgical treatment or pathological biopsy were collected for study,and 86 peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals during the same time period were selected as controls.Bioinformatics technology,im-munohistochemical(IHC)staining,flow cytometry,and double immunofluorescence(IF)staining were used to assess the expression of SIGLEC9 and SIGLEC9+T cells in cervical cancer,followed by correlation analysis with clinical indicators.Results:The bioinformatics,IHC,and double IF staining results showed that SIGLEC9 and SIGLEC9+T cells were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues(P<0.05).The flow cyto-metry results showed that SIGLEC9+CD4+T and SIGLEC9+CD8+T cells were increased in the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer(P<0.05).SIGLEC9 expression correlated with tumor size,FIGO stage,lymph node metastasis,and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection(P<0.05).Conclusions:The novel immune checkpoint SIGLEC9 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues,and SIGLEC9+T cells infiltrated cervical cancer tissues.In vitro cell experiments showed that SIGLEC9 affects T cell function.In summary,SIGLEC9 provides a novel research direction for understanding the immune escape mechanism of cervical cancer and a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer immuno-therapy.

The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge.Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices.However,the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues,such as trace content of target compounds,limited acquisition for fragment information,and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra.Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus,while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content.To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives,a"depict"strategy was developed in this study.First,potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway,and a comprehensive database was established,which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives.Second,the polarity-oriented sample prep-aration of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds.Third,the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification.Finally,the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning(DDA)followed by parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved.Based on the integrated strategy above,210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus,and in particular,170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized.The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components,and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.

Objective:To understand the current status of the level of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy and health anxiety among chronic disease residents, as well as the urban-rural differences, in order to provide a basis for improving the level of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy among chronic disease residents.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From July to August 2022, a multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select 201 rural residents with chronic diseases in one rural health center and 242 urban residents with chronic diseases in two community health service centers. General demographic characteristics questionnaire, Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Literacy Questionnaire and Short version of Health Anxiety Scale were used for questionnaire survey.Results:There were 93 males and 108 females with chronic diseases in 201 rural chronic disease residents, and the age range was 19-69 years. There were 116 males and 126 females with chronic diseases in 242 urban chronic disease residents, and the age range was 18-69 years old. The score of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of rural chronic disease residents (7.86 ± 2.25) was lower than that of urban chronic disease residents (8.55 ± 2.03). The score of health anxiety of rural chronic disease residents (13.69 ± 5.26) was higher than that of urban chronic disease residents (11.67 ± 5.95). Both differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.43, 3.79, both P<0.05). After controlling the general demographic data, the layered linear regression analysis of rural chronic disease residents and urban chronic disease residents showed that health anxiety can negatively affect rural chronic disease residents and urban chronic disease residents of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy level ( β=-0.185, -0.129, both P<0.05). Conclusions:There are urban-rural differences in chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy and health anxiety of chronic disease residents in community. It is necessary to strengthen psychological construction among rural chronic disease residents in order to improve their chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy.

Objective To establish the methods of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(GVS-VEMPs)in healthy children and to obtain the normal value of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in these children in China.Methods Twenty(3～14 years)healthy children and 24 healthy adults(18～30 years)were enrolled for conventional examinations of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.Using the galvanic stimulation in-tensity under 3 mA/1 ms for children and 5 mA/1 ms for adults.The characteristics of elicitation and parameter re-sults of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children and adults,as well as the pain scores and the elicitation of differ-ent stimulus intensities in the two age groups were recorded.Results The elicitation of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were both 100.0％in children and adult groups.The p1 latency,n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-cVEMP were 10.46±1.84 ms,16.98±2.12 ms and 6.52±1.42 ms respectively in children group,the n1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency were significantly shorter than the adult group(P＜0.05).The n1 latency,p1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-oVEMP were 8.87±1.40 ms,12.25±1.80 ms and 3.39±1.07 ms re-spectively in children group with no significant difference between the two groups.The thresholds of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children group were significantly lower than adult group(P＜0.01),but no differences were found in adult group regarding on the amplitude and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio.In addition,with the in-crease of the intensity of galvanic stimulation,the correlation between pain scores and the elicitation rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP also increased.Conclusion Using appropriate stimulus intensity and recording methods,GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be successfully assessed and detected in healthy children over 3 years old and adolescents.The latency of GVS-cVEMP in children is slightly shorter than that in adults,therefore we recommend selecting the matched age group for assessment in the children group.

Objective:To learn about the characteristics of natural foci and the spatial distribution of mosquitoes and ticks in Yadong County, Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet for short).Methods:The eco-geographical characteristics, demographic information, agricultural and animal husbandry data of the natural foci in Yadong County, Tibet were collected from the Yadong County 2020 statistical yearbook, vector data were collected from the Yadong County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data of the meteorological station in Yadong County from 2010 to 2021 were collected from the World Weather Network. In July 2021, a total of 20 mosquito and tick sampling points were selected for field investigation according to the distribution characteristics of vegetation and animal husbandry of Yadong County. The light trap method was used to trap mosquitoes, and the manual inspection and flag dragging method were used to catch ticks. The spatial distribution characteristics of mosquitoes and ticks were analyzed.Results:The natural epidemic foci in Yadong County, Tibet, were high in the north and low in the south, with an elevation difference of about 5 000 m. It was rich in water resources, and the average runoff of Yadong River was 20.1 m 3/s. The climate in the north was cold and dry, and the south was mild and humid. From 2010 to 2021, the annual average station air pressure in Yadong County was 452.8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), the maximum monthly average temperature, precipitation and relative humidity of air were 8.7 ℃, 134.5 mm and 81.3%, respectively, all in July. A total of 6 897 diptera insects were attracted by the light trap method, all of which were non-blood-sucking mosquitoes. The total density was 163.77 pieces/(lamp·h), the dominant population was Muscaridae, accounting for 89.69% (6 186/6 897). In different sampling areas, Xiayadong Township collected the most mosquitoes, accounting for 67.17% (4 633/6 897); the others were Yadong County and Shangyadong Township, accounting for 27.36% (1 887/6 897) and 5.47% (377/6 897), respectively. A total 2 014 host animals were examined, and 23 parasitic ticks were caught, of which 20 were of the genus Ixodes and 3 were of the genus Haemophilus. No free ticks were caught in all ticks sampling points. Conclusions:The climate and ecological environment of the natural foci in Yadong County, Tibet have obvious vertical gradient. Mosquitoes and ticks are active, but the density is not high, the density of mosquitoes is generally high in the south and low in the north.