Objective:To investigate the effect of mild moxibustion on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)channel expression in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)rats and explore its mechanism in alleviating central pain sensitization.Methods:Thirty-two female non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomized into a blank group,a model group,a mild moxibustion group,and a capsazepine group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the other three groups used estradiol benzoate,ice-water bath,and oxytocin to establish the rat PD model of cold-dampness stagnation pattern.The interventions began on day 1 of modeling,once a day,and lasted 10 d.The mild moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4),20 min/time;in the capsazepine group,capsazepine was injected at a dose of 2 mg/(kg·bw).The abdominal pain threshold was measured 10-30 min after oxytocin injection on day 11;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)level;the expression of TRPV1,cluster of differentiation 11B(CD11B),and proto-oncogene c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results:Compared to the blank group,the model group showed a decreased pain threshold(P<0.05)and an increased serum PGF2α level with elevated TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,both the mild moxibustion group and capsazepine group showed significantly increased pain thresholds(P<0.05),along with decreased serum PGF2α levels and reduced protein expression levels of TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Rat pain threshold in the capsazepine group was higher than that in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Serum PGF2α level,the expression levels of CD11B and c-Fos proteins in the spinal dorsal horn,as well as TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos proteins in the hypothalamus of the capsazepine group were lower than those in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)may alleviate the central pain sensitization in PD rats by down-regulating TRPV1 channel expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus,thus playing an analgesic effect.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Objective To explore the quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)during digital screening tasks for MCI screening.Methods A total of 592 MCI patients(MCI group)and 317 normal cognitively elderly individuals(control group)were recruited from 40 communities in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,from July to August,2024.All participants were as-sessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing Version(MoCA-BJ).Prefrontal EEG data were collected using a portable EEG device,and power spectral analysis was performed via Fast Fourier Transform.An XG-Boost algorithm was employed to construct an MCI identification model based on qEEG power features,and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the control group,prefrontal δ,α,and β band power increased during screening tasks in MCI group(P<0.05);δ power was negatively correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,and visuospatial/executive func-tion,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.269,-0.169,-0.133,-0.171,P<0.001);α power was negative-ly correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.113,-0.075,-0.091,P<0.05).The XGBoost model based on δ and α power was excellent in MCI identification,with an area under the curve of 0.91,accuracy of 0.81,precision of 0.89,F1 score of 0.84,recall of 0.80,and specificity of 0.81.Conclusion MCI patients exhibit increased power in the prefrontal δ and α frequency bands during digital screening tasks,which is associated with cognitive decline.An XGBoost model based on qEEG power features can enable early prediction of MCI.

Objective To explore the quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)during digital screening tasks for MCI screening.Methods A total of 592 MCI patients(MCI group)and 317 normal cognitively elderly individuals(control group)were recruited from 40 communities in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,from July to August,2024.All participants were as-sessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing Version(MoCA-BJ).Prefrontal EEG data were collected using a portable EEG device,and power spectral analysis was performed via Fast Fourier Transform.An XG-Boost algorithm was employed to construct an MCI identification model based on qEEG power features,and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the control group,prefrontal δ,α,and β band power increased during screening tasks in MCI group(P<0.05);δ power was negatively correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,and visuospatial/executive func-tion,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.269,-0.169,-0.133,-0.171,P<0.001);α power was negative-ly correlated with MoCA-BJ total scores,attention and delayed recall scores(r=-0.113,-0.075,-0.091,P<0.05).The XGBoost model based on δ and α power was excellent in MCI identification,with an area under the curve of 0.91,accuracy of 0.81,precision of 0.89,F1 score of 0.84,recall of 0.80,and specificity of 0.81.Conclusion MCI patients exhibit increased power in the prefrontal δ and α frequency bands during digital screening tasks,which is associated with cognitive decline.An XGBoost model based on qEEG power features can enable early prediction of MCI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mild moxibustion on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)channel expression in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)rats and explore its mechanism in alleviating central pain sensitization.Methods:Thirty-two female non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomized into a blank group,a model group,a mild moxibustion group,and a capsazepine group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the other three groups used estradiol benzoate,ice-water bath,and oxytocin to establish the rat PD model of cold-dampness stagnation pattern.The interventions began on day 1 of modeling,once a day,and lasted 10 d.The mild moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4),20 min/time;in the capsazepine group,capsazepine was injected at a dose of 2 mg/(kg·bw).The abdominal pain threshold was measured 10-30 min after oxytocin injection on day 11;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)level;the expression of TRPV1,cluster of differentiation 11B(CD11B),and proto-oncogene c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results:Compared to the blank group,the model group showed a decreased pain threshold(P<0.05)and an increased serum PGF2α level with elevated TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,both the mild moxibustion group and capsazepine group showed significantly increased pain thresholds(P<0.05),along with decreased serum PGF2α levels and reduced protein expression levels of TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Rat pain threshold in the capsazepine group was higher than that in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Serum PGF2α level,the expression levels of CD11B and c-Fos proteins in the spinal dorsal horn,as well as TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos proteins in the hypothalamus of the capsazepine group were lower than those in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)may alleviate the central pain sensitization in PD rats by down-regulating TRPV1 channel expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus,thus playing an analgesic effect.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Objective To explore the mechanism of the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by mild moxibustion on"Shenque"and"Guanyuan"acupoints based on the regulation of cAMP-PKA signaling pathway on TRPV1.Methods Totally 32 female non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,mild moxibustion group and capsazepine group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the other groups all used estradiol benzoate intraperitoneal injection combined with ice water bath to establish a PD cold-dampness stagnation syndrome rat model.Intervention began on the first day of modeling,the mild moxibustion group selects"Shenque"and"Guanyuan"for mild moxibustion,20 min per time,the capsazepine group was injected capsazepine 2 mg/kg,once a day for 10 consecutive days.ELISA was used to detect uterine PGF2α and cAMP content,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect TRPV1 expression in uterine tissue,Western blot was used to detect PKA,p-PKA and TRPV1 protein expression.Results Compared with the blank group,the latency period of body twisting in the model group rats decreased,and the body twisting score increased(P<0.01);the contents of PGF2α and cAMP in uterine tissue increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of TRPV1 and p-PKA proteins increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the mild moxibustion group and capsazepine group showed an increase in the latency period of body twisting and a decrease in the body twisting score(P<0.01);the content of PGF2α and cAMP in uterine tissue decreased(P<0.01),and the expressions of TRPV1 and p-PKA proteins decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the mild moxibustion group,the capsazepine group showed an increase in the latency period of body twisting and a decrease in the body twisting score(P<0.01);the contents of PGF2α and cAMP in uterine tissue decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expressions of TRPV1 protein decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Mild moxibustion at"Shenque"and"Guanyuan"acupoints has obvious analgesic effect on PD rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of uterine cAMP-PKA signaling pathway mediated TRPV1 protein expression.

Objective:To observe the effects of preventative moxibustion on analgesia,substance P(SP),prostaglandin(PG)F2α and PGE2 in rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation,and to explore the analgesic mechanism. Methods:Sixty-four female Wistar non-pregnant rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a Western medicine group,and a preventative moxibustion group,with 16 rats in each group.Eight qualified diestrus rats were selected from each group.Except for the blank group,the other three groups established models of dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation using an ice water bath combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin.On the 8th day after modeling,the preventative moxibustion group was treated with gentle moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4),and the Western medicine group was given ibuprofen solution for 4 consecutive days.On the 11th day,the intervention groups(i.e.the Western medicine group and the preventative moxibustion group)were treated once again after being injected with oxytocin.The writhing score and the pain threshold of rats were determined;the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),SP,PGF2α,and PGE2 were measured;the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus were detected. Results:Compared with the blank group,the writhing score increased(P<0.01),the pain threshold decreased(P<0.01),the serum levels of BDNF,SP,and PGF2α increased(P<0.01),while the PGE2 decreased(P<0.01);the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the writhing score decreased,the pain threshold increased,the serum BDNF,SP,and PGF2α levels decreased significantly,the serum PGE2 level increased,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus decreased significantly in the preventative moxibustion group and the Western medicine group,while the inter-group differences were significant(P<0.01).Compared with the Western medicine group,the writhing score decreased,the pain threshold increased,the serum BDNF,SP,and PGF2α,levels decreased,the serum PGE2 level increased,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus in the preventative moxibustion group decreased significantly,while the inter-group differences were significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Preventative moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)can improve the pain sensitization state of rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation,down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus;regulation of the serum SP,PGF2α,and PGE2 levels may be part of the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate and analyze the accuracies of 3 software solutions based on deep learning techniques in the automatic segmentation of head and neck organs at risk(OAR).Methods The automatic segmentation accuracies of 3 software(PV-iCurve,RT-Mind,and AccuContour)were evaluated with Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),Hausdorff distance(HD),center of mass deviation(COMD),false negative rate(FNR),false positive rate(FPR),Jaccard coefficient(JC),sensitivity index(SI),and inclusive index(II)using the manual contours of head and neck OAR as the gold standard.Results The FNR,JC,SI of brain,the FPR,II of brainstem,the FPR,FNR,JC,SI of eye_L,the FPR,FNR,SI,II of mandible,the FPR,FNR,SI,II of parotid_L,and the DSC,FPR,JC,II of spinal cord manifested significant differences among the 3 software(P<0.05);but the HD,FNR,SI of brainstem,and the HD of spinal cord revealed trivial differences among the 3 software(P>0.05).Conclusion Through the comparison of multiple parameters,it is found that the accuracies of 3 software are different in OAR segmentation,which makes it difficult to make overall horizontal comparisons.Therefore,these parameters are for reference only and cannot be used as criteria for evaluating the segmentation results in clinic.Although all 3 software achieve preferable segmentation outcomes,scrutiny and manual modifications before clinical practice are still necessary.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze and summarize the research history, development status, trends and hotspots of Codonopsis Radix by bibliometrics. METHODS Search and screen the related literatures of Codonopsis Radix from the CNKI database and the Web of Science core collection database from Januar 1, 1992 to June 30, 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares were used for visual analysis of the number of publications, authors, institutions, countries, funding funds, published journals, literature citation frequency, keywords, clustering and emergent word, and a visual graph was drew. RESULTS A total of 594 effective literature, 484 in Chinese and 110 in English were included. GAO Jianping and ZOU Yuanfeng were the scholars with the largest amount of Chinese and English literature. China was the country with the most published researches on Codonopsis Radix. The School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the institutions with the largest number of Chinese and English literature publications respectively. The National Science Foundation of China was the largest fund to support the research of Codonopsis Radix. The journal that received the most Chinese and English literature were Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials and International Journal of Biological Macromolecules respectively. The most frequently cited Chinese literature was a summary of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Codonopsis Radix. The most frequently cited English literature was a study on the structure identification and pharmacological effects of Codonopsis Radix polysaccharides. The map of key words, clustering and emergent words in Chinese literature showed that the main research directions of Codonopsis Radix were compatibility formula, resource planting, pharmacological action and quality control. The map of key words, clustering and emergent words in English literature indicated that the study of Codonopsis Radix always focused on the material basis and mechanism of its active ingredients. CONCLUSION The annual publications on of Codonopsis Radix show an increasing trend, and the main research institutions are distributed in many universities and research institutes in China. Both Chinese and English literature have their own research directions, and the pharmacological effects of active ingredients are the common trend hotspots.