OBJECTIVE To explore the improvine mechanism of Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula （YFXF） on vascular dementia （VAD） model rats based on the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 （GRB2）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/cardiolipin synthase 1 （CRLS1） pathway. METHODS VAD rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Forty-eight successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group （normal saline）， donepezil hydrochloride group （positive control group， 0.2 g/kg）， and YFXF low- and high-dose groups （12.18 and 24.36 g/kg， calculated based on the total amount of crude drug）， respectively. In addition， a sham operation group （normal saline） was set up. There were 12 rats in each group. Daily intragastric administration of drug or normal saline was performed for 30 consecutive days. After the last administration， the spatial cognitive ability of the rats was evaluated， the pathological morphology of the hippocampus was observed， the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） in serum were detected， the expression levels of GRB2/ERK/CRLS1 pathway-related proteins and the mRNA levels of GRB2， CRLS1， NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1（ND1）， Tafazzin （TAZ）， phospholipid scramblase 3（PLSCR3） and the ATP content in hippocampal tissue were measured. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group， the escape latency of rats in the model group was significantly prolonged （ P ＜0.05）， and the number of crossing platform was significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）， while the number of pyramidal cells and Nissl bodies in the hippocampus decreased sharply； the content of TNF-α in serum was significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）， and the content of IL-4 was significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）； the expression levels of GRB2 and CRLS1 proteins， the phosphorylation level of ERK protein， the relative expression levels of GRB2， CRLS1，ND1， TAZ， and PLSCR3 mRNA， and the content of ATP in hippocampal tissue were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the above pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of each administration group were alleviated， and the quantitative indicators were significantly restored （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS YFXF may improve hippocampal neuron injury in VAD rats by activating the GRB2/ERK/CRLS1 pathway, maintaining cardiolipin homeostasis， and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)by Meta-analysis.Methods Multiple databases for literature on KOA ultrasound and MRI diagnosis were screened.After data extraction and study quality assessment,14 articles involving 1613 patients were finally included.Meta-analysis were used on the extracted data to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of KOA.Results All included studies used arthroscopy or surgical pathology as the gold standard for diagnosis.The pooled sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)for ultrasound in diagnosing KOA were 0.79,0.82,and 20.30,respectively,with area under the curve(AUC)was 0.89.In comparison,the pooled sensitivity,specificity,and DOR for MRI in diagnosing KOA were 0.88,0.85,and 42.35,respectively,with AUC of 0.92.Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI have good accuracy in the diagnosis of KOA,and MRI is superior to ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effect and its potential mechanism of Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula by inhibiting mitochondrial fission in a vascular dementia(VaD)model rats.METHODS VaD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation.The experimental animals were randomly divided into sham operation group(SHAM),model group(MOD),Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula low-dose group(YFXF-L),Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula high-dose group(YFXF-H),and Donepezil hydrochloride group(positive control),with 9 animals in each group.After 30 days of intervention,the spatial learning memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze experiment;HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes in CA1 area of hippocampus;ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum inflammatory factors[interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-4];Western blot was used to detect the expressions of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)/dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)pathway-related proteins,mitochondrial fusion proteins(MFN1,MFN2),and adenosine triphosphate synthase 5A(ATP5A)in hippocampal tissues.The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of phosphorylated MLKL(p-MLKL);real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was adopted to detect mRNA expressions of HSP90,MFN1,MFN2 and ATP5A.RESULTS Compared with SHAM group,the escape latency of rats in the MOD group was significantly prolonged,the number of crossing the platform was significantly reduced,and the hippocampal tissues showed typical neuronal damage characteristics,the positive expression level of p-MLKL and the serum level of IL-1β significantly increased,while the serum level of IL-4 significantly decreased,the protein and mRNA expression of HSP90,as well as the protein expressions of p-MLKL/MLKL and p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1 were all significantly increased in hippocampal tissue,the protein and mRNA expressions of MFN1,MFN2 and ATP5A,and protein expression of p-Drp1(Ser637)/Drp1 were all significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula,above indicators in each treatment group were all significantly reversed(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula may alleviate neuronal damage and neuroinflammatory responses in VaD rats by regulating the HSP90/MLKL/Drp1 signaling pathway,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,thereby maintaining mitochondrial dynamic balance and improving mitochondrial function.

Objective:To identify risk factors influencing the incidence of hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens) and establish an effective and easily implementable hypertension prediction model.Methods:In September 2023, 2214 steelworkers (Homo sapiens) were selected as study subjects. Basic demographic information, lifestyle, and occupational exposure data were collected, along with physiological measurements such as height, weight, and blood pressure. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was employed based on relevant literature to determine influencing factors for hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens). Python 3.9 software was used to construct and compare logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost), and LGBM models. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy, calibration curves, and F1 scores. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) model was introduced for feature importance analysis to enhance the interpretability of the prediction model.Results:A total of 432 cases of hypertension were detected among 2214 study subjects, with a detection rate of 19.51%. Age, smoking status, salt intake, use of cooling equipment, carbon monoxide exposure, family history of hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin were identified as independent risk factors for hypertension ( P<0.05). A comparison of the five models revealed the following performance metrics: logistic regression achieved an accuracy of 0.853, F1 score of 0.680, Brier score of 0.108, and AUC of 0.907; SVM demonstrated an accuracy of 0.863, F1 score of 0.687, Brier score of 0.081, and AUC of 0.910; random forest showed an accuracy of 0.857, F1 score of 0.603, Brier score of 0.105, and AUC of 0.861; XGBoost yielded an accuracy of 0.850, F1 score of 0.684, Brier score of 0.117, and AUC of 0.899; and the LGBM model exhibited an accuracy of 0.838, F1 score of 0.625, Brier score of 0.112, and AUC of 0.870. Conclusion:The SVM model demonstrated strong predictive performance, effectively assessing the risk of hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens) and facilitating targeted health management interventions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To compare the effects of using cone beam CT (CBCT) and oral scanning registration on implant positional accuracy during robot-assisted implant surgery, and to provide a basis for selecting the appropriate registration for robot-assisted implant surgical options.Methods:One patient with dentition defect, specifically missing teeth at positions 21 and 26 and having natural teeth adjacent mesially and distally to the edentulous area, who visited the Department of Oral Implantology, School of Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University in 2024 were selected. Based on reconstructed imaging data, 30 identical jaw models were printed. These models were divided into a CBCT registration group and an intra-oral scanning registration group (15 models per group). An associate chief physician with extensive experience in implant surgery performed preoperative registration using the implant robot and completed the implant surgeries. Postoperative CBCT scans were used to determine the three-dimensional position of the implants. The deviations between the planned implant position and the actual position were evaluated, including deviations at the implantation point, apical point, and angular deviation. The differences between the two groups were compared.Results:The implantation deviation was 0.675 (0.490) mm, apical deviation was (0.680±0.272) mm, and the angular deviation was 0.566°±0.147° in the CBCT registration group, and in the intra-oral scanning registration group, implantation deviation was 0.695 (0.313) mm, apical deviation was (0.667±0.217) mm, and the angular deviation was 0.523°±0.168°. There was no statistically significant error in implant precision between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:This in vitro experiment found that the use of intra-oral scanning registration in robot-assisted implant surgery can achieve similar implant placement accuracy as CBCT registration.

The phenotype of peri-implant soft tissue is crucial to the long-term treatment outcome of implant restoration, but soft tissue phenotype deficiencies are common in clinical practice and need to be improved through soft tissue augmentation. Although autologous soft tissue graft is still the gold standard for soft tissue augmentation, it has limitations such as limited donor area, increased trauma, and low patient acceptance. Plasmatrix has sufficient sources, is easy to prepare, and has a scaffold structure, growth factors, and cell components that support soft tissue growth. It can be used to improve the phenotype of peri-implant soft tissue. However, there are currently limited clinical studies on the application of plasmatrix in improving the phenotype of peri-implant soft tissue, and there is a lack of consensus conclusions, which makes the majority of clinicians feel confused when using plasmatrix. This article will try to combine existing clinical studies and the clinical experience of the author′s team to explain the classification of peri-implant soft tissue phenotypes and the application of plasmatrix in improving soft tissue phenotypes, in order to provide a reference for related clinical treatments.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of Wenpi tongluo kaiqiao formula （WPTL） against neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease （AD） mice based on the Z-DNA binding protein 1 （ZBP1）/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL） signaling pathway. METHODS Forty APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into model group， WPTL low-dose （WPTL-L） group （10.4 g/kg， calculated by the raw medicine）， WPTL high-dose （WPTL-H） group （20.8 g/kg， calculated by the raw medicine） and donepezil hydrochloride group （3 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group； another 10 C57BL/6J mice were selected as normal control group. Intragastric administration， once a day， for 30 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate learning and memory abilities； the pathological morphology of hippocampal tissues was observed； the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） were determined； the expressions of amyloid precursor protein （APP）， Tau protein， and ZBP1/MLKL signaling pathway-related proteins in hippocampal tissues were detected； the positive expression of phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 （p-RIPK3） in the neurons of hippocampal tissues and mRNA expression of ZBP1 were measured in hippocampal tissues. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the escape latency of mice in model group was prolonged significantly on day 3 to 5 （P＜0.05）， the times of crossing platform reduced significantly （P＜0.05）， and obvious pathological changes were observed in the hippocampal tissue. The level of TNF- α， the expressions of APP， p-Tau and ZBP1， the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1， RIPK3 and MLKL， the fluorescence intensity of p-RIPK3 as well as the mRNA expression of ZBP1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）， while the serum level of IL-4 was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， above indexes were reversed significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05）， and pathological damage of hippocampal tissue was alleviated. CONCLUSIONS WPTL can inhibit the ZBP1/MLKL signaling pathway， reduce neuronal necroptosis in AD mice， and inhibit inflammatory responses， thereby improving learning and spatial memory abilities in AD mice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

The 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)Annual Meeting was held in Chicago,the United States,from May 31 to June 4 in 2024.In recent years,antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)have become one of the most popular targeted therapies because of their high specificity,efficacy,and low toxicity,making them a focal point in this ASCO meeting.Currently,over 100 ADCs are under investigation,demonstrating the considerable development potential of ADCs in the field of targeted cancer therapy.The aforementioned conference reported several recent research advancements regarding ADCs for the treatment of breast cancer(BC).This review summarizes the latest progress of ADCs in BC treatment discussed at the confer-ence.