Deep learning(DL)is a machine learning technique that emulates the human brain's functionality through multi-layered neural network models,enabling it to learn and extract features from data,thereby facilitating the automatic processing and learning of complex tasks.DL has achieved numerous significant breakthroughs in areas such as image recognition,speech recognition,and natural language processing,becoming one of the most promi-nent technologies in the field of artificial intelligence.With the rapid advancement of DL technology,its application in the medical field has yielded remarkable outcomes,offering new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar diseases.This review aims to elucidate the application and research progress of DL in diagnosing,planning surgeries,and predicting postoperative efficacy for lumbar spine diseases.

Deep learning(DL)is a machine learning technique that emulates the human brain's functionality through multi-layered neural network models,enabling it to learn and extract features from data,thereby facilitating the automatic processing and learning of complex tasks.DL has achieved numerous significant breakthroughs in areas such as image recognition,speech recognition,and natural language processing,becoming one of the most promi-nent technologies in the field of artificial intelligence.With the rapid advancement of DL technology,its application in the medical field has yielded remarkable outcomes,offering new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar diseases.This review aims to elucidate the application and research progress of DL in diagnosing,planning surgeries,and predicting postoperative efficacy for lumbar spine diseases.

Objective To explore the advantages of indocyanine green clearance rate at 15 min(ICG-R15)combined with three-dimensional image reconstruction technology in preoperativ evaluation of liver cancer,as well as its impact on the efficacy of liver resection surgery.Methods The data of the patients with liver cancer undergoing preoperative three-dimensional image reconstruction evaluation(experimental group,n=65)and traditional CT evaluation(control group,n=70)in the Jining Municipal First People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients performed the ICG-R15 test be-fore operation.In the experimental group,45 cases adopted laparotomy and 20 cases adopted laparoscopic sur-gery,which in the control group had 50 cases and 20 cases,respectively.The data of preoperative laboratory tests,intraoperative related indicators and postoperative laboratory tests were collected in the two groups.The influences between the two kinds of evaluation modes on the effects of laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery in liver cancer were compared.Results In laparotomy,compared with the control group,the operation time and postoperative drainage tube extraction time in the experimental group were significantly shortened,the intrao-perative bleeding volume was significantly decreased,the incidence rate of postoperative complications,direct bilirubin and AST levers on 7 d after operation were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);there were no statis-tically significant differences in the intraoperative blood transfusion rate,postoperative hospitalization dura-tion,levels of total bilirubin,ALT and albumin and prothrombin time on 7 d after operation between the two groups(P＞0.05).In laparoscopic surgery,compared with the control group,the postoperative hospitalization duration and postoperative drainage tube extraction time in the experimental group were significantly short-ened,the levels of AST and ALT on 7 d after operation were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the other observation indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05);in the control group,3 cases were converted to laparotomy due to inability to excision during laparoscopic explo-ration.Compared with the control group,the accuracy rate of preoperative evaluation of the number of liver tumors and Couinaud segmentation localization(96.9％vs.85.7％)and preoperative evaluation of liver vas-cular variation(100.0％vs.53.8％)were increased in the experimental group,the percentage of the patients with actual resection range greater than preoperative prediction range was lower(7.7％vs.20.0％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the accu-racy of preoperative evaluation of portal vein invasion between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion ICG-R15 combined with three dimensional reconstruction technology in preoperatively assessing liver cancer has more advantages compared with combined traditional CT,moreover which is conducive to reduce intraoperative bleeding,shorten operation time and has the positive effect on the patients'prognosis.

BACKGROUND:As a bone replacement and filling material,calcium phosphate stone bone cement has good biocompatibility,bone conductivity,and other advantages,especially its better biodegradability compared to other calcium phosphate bone cements.It has important application value in bone repair.However,due to its limitations such as insufficient mechanical properties,fast solidification reaction,and poor injection performance,it is currently only suitable for the repair of non weight-bearing bone. OBJECTIVE:To explore the modification of brushite cements with bioactive ions(metal and non metal ions)to expand its application range. METHODS:The author used PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,and WanFang to search the literature published between 2018 and 2023 with the search terms"metal ion,iron,copper,strontium,magnesium,zinc,non-metal ion,modification,bone,brushite cements"in Chinese and"metal ion,iron,Fe,copper,Cu,strontium,Sr,magnesium,Mg,zinc,Zn,non-metal ion,modification,bone,brushite cements"in English.After reading titles and abstracts,the articles were initially screened,and irrelevant and duplicate articles were excluded.Finally,64 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bioactive ions affect the hydration process of calcium phosphate bone cement.Different ions are substituted by ions and incorporated into the crystal structure of calcium phosphate bone cement,changing the crystal morphology of the cement and causing changes in physical and chemical properties such as setting time,injectability,and compressive strength.(2)Ionic modified calcium phosphate bone cement produces different ion release effects due to different crystal structures.Different types of ions have properties such as promoting angiogenesis/osteogenesis,antibacterial,anti-tumor,etc.In addition,calcium phosphate bone cement has good biodegradability,which has great advantages for the performance of various ions.(3)The physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement modified with different ions are as follows:iron,copper,strontium,magnesium,zinc,silver,and cobalt can prolong the setting time.Strontium,and magnesium can improve injection performance.Copper,strontium,magnesium,silver and silicon can enhance compressive strength.The ions that can simultaneously improve the three physical and chemical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement include strontium and magnesium.Good physical and chemical properties are a prerequisite for clinical application,so improving the setting time,injectability,compressive strength,and other properties of calcium phosphate bone cement with ions is of great significance for the research and application of bone cement.(4)The biological properties of calcium phosphate bone cement modified with different ions are as follows:copper,strontium,magnesium,zinc,cobalt,lithium,selenium,and silicon have promoting angiogenesis/osteogenic effects.Iron,copper,magnesium,zinc,and silver have antibacterial properties.Magnesium ions have anti-inflammatory properties.Copper and selenium have anti-tumor properties.(5)In summary,magnesium ions can improve the setting time,injectability,and compressive strength of calcium phosphate bone cement,while also promoting neovascularization/osteogenesis,antibacterial properties,and have good application prospects for the treatment of bone defects with concurrent infections.In addition,copper also has anti-tumor properties,so copper ions have great potential in the treatment of bone defects caused by infections and tumors.However,relevant research is still in the basic research stage,and the effects of different ion doping concentrations and synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement need to be further explored.At the same time,the impact of biological properties also needs to be studied and observed for a longer period of time.

BACKGROUNDTo establish a sandwich ELISA method for detection of reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene.

METHODSThe full length sequence of CAT gene was amplified with PCR using plasmid pBLCAT6 as template, and inserted into the prokaryotic expression plasmid Pgex-2T. The purified fusion protein was emulsified with complete or incomplete Freund adjuvant and injected subcutaneously into rabbits. The antibody was labeled with biotin, and a sandwich ELISA technique with biotin streptavidin amplify system was established. Several CAT reporter plasmids containing different HPV 16 LCR sequences were generated and transfected transiently to monolayer cells in vitro. The cytoplasm proteins were extracted and the expressions of CAT were evaluated with the newly established ELISA assay.

RESULTSSDS-PAGE displayed that the molecular weight of the expressed fusion protein was about 54,000. The prepared antiserum was able to recognize the CAT protein expressed by mammalian cells or prokaryote cells. Under the control of different promoters and their regulate sequences,two to eight folds CAT expression increased were evaluated in transiently transfected mammalian cells by the newly established sandwich ELISA method.

CONCLUSIONSThe established method could sensitively reflect the activities of the upstream promoters, as well as the influence of exchanges of nucleotides within the regulate region on the promoter activities. Therefore, it proposes a convenient assay for the studies using CAT as the reporter gene.

Animals ; Antibodies ; analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; analysis ; genetics ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Genes, Reporter ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; immunology