Background: This study examined how the frequency of in-person, telephone, text-based communication, and video interactions with non-cohabiting family and friends relates to loneliness among older adults in Japan. Methods: We analyzed data from 6,786 adults aged ≥65 in the 2024 Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS) study. Interaction frequency with non-cohabiting family and friends was categorized into none (reference), monthly, and weekly or more. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale and dichotomized at ≥4, indicating loneliness; a ≥7 cut-off was used in sensitivity analyses. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Results: For family, significant associations with lower loneliness were observed only at weekly frequencies—in-person (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.764, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.664–0.879), text (aOR=0.747, 95% CI 0.659–0.846), and telephone (aOR=0.624, 95% CI 0.543–0.718), whereas for friends, significant associations were observed at monthly frequencies—in-person (aOR=0.621, 95% CI 0.549–0.701), text (aOR=0.881, 95% CI 0.778–0.997), and telephone (aOR=0.734, 95% CI 0.659–0.819). Video calls were associated with lower odds of severe loneliness (score ≥7) in sensitivity analyses—weekly calls with family (aOR=0.736, 95% CI 0.547–0.991) and monthly calls with friends (aOR=0.656, 95% CI 0.470–0.917). Conclusion Interactions with friends show associations with lower levels of loneliness at lower frequencies than family contact. While text and phone calls are broadly associated with reduced loneliness, video calls showed an association specifically with a lower prevalence of severe loneliness, underscoring the potential for tailored communication strategies.

Introduction: To identify factors related to the quality-of-care management performance of older adults who required home care in the end-of-life period and implications for training.Methods: A total of 2,540 care management offices were randomly selected, and one care manager from each office completed a self-administered questionnaire. The End-of-life Care Management Scale was used to assess care management performance. Multiple regression analysis was performed after bivariate analysis using attributes and other factors.Results: The most important factors were previous training in disease, previous training in multidisciplinary collaboration, sex, previous training in nursing, had a visiting nurse agency, years of experience, and previous training in team building, in descending order.Conclusion: Quality-of-care management execution may be improved by focusing on and prioritizing training content where contributions are indicated and utilizing visiting nurses.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to clarify the needs in end-of-life care management for elderly persons requiring long-term care at home.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 20 people working in the community, and were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.Results: Support to enable discharge at home, formation of a care team to help achieve a desired life and desired end, family support for the entire end-of-life period, support for making timely and informed decisions, control of symptoms to achieve desired results, and both mental and spiritual support for end-of-life acceptance were provided to realize the individuals' desires.Conclusion: This study suggested that it is possible to provide high-quality care management for the elderly requiring long-term care at home in the end-of-life period.